Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL) Technical Session - Instructional Technology 2

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaiyuan Wang, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Yuxiang Zhao, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Ishfaq Aziz, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Mohamad Alipour, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering Division (CIVIL)

., & Hatzilygeroudis, I. (2016, December). An innovative educationalenvironment based on virtual reality and gamification for learning search algorithms. In 2016 IEEE EighthInternational Conference on Technology for Education (T4E) (pp. 110-115). IEEE.[12] Zollmann, S., Hoppe, C., Kluckner, S., Poglitsch, C., Bischof, H., & Reitmayr, G. (2014). Augmented realityfor construction site monitoring and documentation. Proceedings of the IEEE, 102(2), 137-154.[13] Li, X., Yi, W., Chi, H. L., Wang, X., & Chan, A. P. (2018). A critical review of virtual and augmented reality(VR/AR) applications in construction safety. Automation in Construction, 86, 150-162.[14] Wang, X., Love, P. E., Kim, M. J., Park, C. S., Sing, C. P., & Hou, L. (2013

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 15: Engineering Education Research and Reviews

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hayden J Wulf, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Grace Panther, University of Nebraska, Lincoln; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, University of Nebraska, Lincoln

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

this material are thoseof the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.References[1] J. M. Cruz, C. Hampton, S. G. Adams, and N. Hosseinichimeh, “A system approach to instructional change in academia,” in Proc. ASEE Annu. Conf. & Expo., Tampa, FL, USA, Jun 2019, doi:10.18260/1-2—32005.[2] National Academy of Engineering, “Educating the engineer of 2020: Adapting Engineering Education to the New Century,” The National Academies Press, 2005. [Online]. Available: http://nap.nationalacademies.org/11338[3] T. J. Siller and G. R. Johnson, “Constituent influences on engineering curricula,” in Proc. ASEE Annu. Conf. & Expo., Salt Lake City, UT, USA, Jun 2004, doi

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 4: Innovation in Engineering Education Methods

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Vitali, The University of Iowa

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

with students to better understand how the seminar influenced theirperceptions and what other activities or experiences also contribute to those changes as well.References[1] S. Condoor, "Importance of teaching the history of technology," IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference, vol. 1, pp. T2G7-T2G-10, 2004.[2] K. C. D'Alessandro, M. K. Swenty and W. N. Collins, "Integrating History into Engineering Curriculum," American Society for Engineering Education - Southeast Section, pp. 1-7, 2014.[3] N. Dabbagh and D. A. Menascé, "Student perceptions of engineering entrepreneurship: An exploratory study," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 95, no. 2, pp. 153-164, 2006.[4] M. Davis, "Defining “Engineer:" How To Do It and Why It Matters

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED) - Research Investigations in the Context of Design Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Samantha Butt, University of Toronto; Elizabeth DaMaren, University of Toronto; Alison Olechowski, University of Toronto

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education Division (DEED)

CAD self-efficacy.The hierarchical regression analysis did not demonstrate any of the CAD learning experiences tobe statistically significant to the development of Engineering Design self-efficacy. This contrastswith what we might initially expect, based on Carberry et al.’s assertion that engineering designself-efficacy is highly dependent on engineering experiences [4]. However, similar to Schar et al.our predictor variables do not encompass all possible CAD learning experiences, let aloneengineering learning experiences [2]. Therefore, future work should consider including newpredictor variables [2] as the current CAD learning experiences did not appear as effective asintended.Since only the pre-project survey data was analyzed in this

Collection

2013 Pacific Southwest Section Meeting

Authors

Milica Markovic

measurement instrument, and is therefore setto 50 Ohms, as shown in Figure 12. Students vary the load port impedance with a fork utility inADS and observe changes of the reflection coefficient on the Smith Chart using a marker utility. (a)Three step circuit setup in ADS for (b) Smith Chart that results from the lumped element impedance matching simulation shown in (a) Figure 12: Lumped element What-if impedance matching gameNext, students develop lumped element impedance matching circuit in three steps as shown inFigure 12. In the first step they start from two S-parameter ports as described before to get theposition of the load port impedance on the Smith Chart. In the following step

Collection

2013 GSW

Authors

Lana Rings

they are failing tocommunicate. Instead, they will ascribe negative personality traits and behavior to each other.That is because different cultures tend to assign differing interpretations to specific words,phrases, texts, and situations. Thus, what may be polite interaction in one culture may be aninsult in another. Furthermore, although Participant A may have learned Participant B’s language and speak it well with him or her, nevertheless, speaking the same language does not meanassigning the same meanings to spoken or written words. As Blum-Kulka and Oshtain say,“[S]econd language speakers might fail to communicate effectively, even when they have anexcellent grammatical and lexical command of the target language”1 (my italics). In other

Collection

2009 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Joseph J. Rencis; Hartley T. Grandin

θA Displaced Neutral Surface vB v w, force/length A FBD I X, x MA A B M F B F sA s B

Collection

2018 ASEE Midwest Section Conference

Authors

Hani Sait; Hamzah Raja

improve differentfactors for students such as satisfactory, decent variety, and learning [1]. However, the cost israised, since it will need to have less student numbers in every section with expert facultymembers. This cost is nothing as compared to the experience and skills that students might gain[1]. With this, the department should enhance outline teaching method as their most noteworthyneed in any without bounds asset distribution choices. Six factors mainly affect the senior designcourse as shown in Figure 1, will be discussed in detail below.A. Periods of Capstone Howe, S. and J. Wilbarger recommended that a one-to-two semesters course with synchronousclass and venture segments stays well known [4]. However, some university like

Conference Session

Empowering Students and Strengthening Community Relationships

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gianina Morales, University of Pittsburgh; Universidad de Valparaíso, Chile; Emily C. Rainey, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Community Engagement Division (COMMENG)

, Teaching, and Learning,” Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 103–120, 2005, doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2005.tb00832.x.[2] R. Stevens, A. Johri, and K. O’Connor, “Professional Engineering Work,” in Cambridge Handbook of Engineering Education Research, A. Johri and B. M. Olds, Eds., New York: Cambridge University Press, 2013, pp. 119–138. doi: 10.1017/CBO9781139013451.010.[3] F. W. Baker III and S. Moukhliss, “Concretising Design Thinking: A Content Analysis of Systematic and Extended Literature Reviews on Design Thinking and Human-Centred Design,” Review of Education, vol. 8, no. 1, pp. 305–333, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.1002/rev3.3186.[4] T. Zhang and H. Dong, “Human-Centred Design: An Emergent Conceptual Model

Conference Session

MECH - Technical Session 12: Promoting Student Success and Motivation

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Phapanin Charoenphol, Texas A&M University; Arkasama Bandyopadhyay, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering Division (MECH)

,” Research Strategies, vol. 17 (1), pp. 35-44, Spring 2000.[2] H. Fry, S. Ketteridge, and S. Marshall, Eds., A Handbook of Teaching and Learning in HigherEducation: Enhancing Academic Practice. Routledge, 2008.[3] S. Manuel Brito, Ed., Active Learning - Beyond the Future. IntechOpen, 2019.[4] S. Freeman, S. L. Eddy, M. McDonough, and M.P. Wenderoth, “Active learning increasesstudent performance in science, engineering, and mathematics,” Psychological and CognitiveSciences, vol. 111 (23), pp. 8410-8415, May 2014.[5] J. Shaaruddin and M. Mohamad, “Identifying the Effectiveness of Active Learning Strategiesand Benefits in Curriculum and Pedagogy Course for Undergraduate TESL Students,” CreativeEducation, vol. 8 (14), pp. 2312-2324. November 2017.[6] E

Collection

2014 Fall ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Sadan Kulturel-Konak; Abdullah Konak; Gül E. Okudan Kremer; Ivan E. Esparragoza

intervention and/or curriculum [19] R. Wageman, J. R. Hackman, and E. Lehman, "Team Diagnostic Survey:adjustments to reach the desired learning outcomes and Development of an Instrument," The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, vol. 41, p. 373, 2005.competencies. The overall goal of this work was to show the [20] S. Matsuura, "An Evaluation Method of Project Based Learning onapplication of MDL as the core of a modular assessment system Software Development Experiment," SIGCSE Bulletin, vol. 38, pp. 163-for professional skill attainment. With the included empirical

Conference Session

Build Diversity in Engineering Graduate Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary R. Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Anita Grierson, Arizona State University; Rakesh Pangasa, Arizona Western College; Clark Vangilder, Central Arizona College; Richard A. Hall Jr., Cochise Community College

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

process, and supporting transfer students at theuniversity.Transfer students at the Ira A. Fulton School of Engineering at Arizona State Universityare supported by a Motivated Engineering Transfer Student (METS) Center wherestudents can network, study, socialize, and receive informal mentoring. In addition,transfer students can enroll in an Academic Success Class for one credit and attendadditional workshops which are held in the Center. Scholarship for over 30 qualifiedtransfer students are provided each year through an NSF S-STEM Scholarship Program.An experimental scholarship program, for transfer students who do not qualify for NSFS-STEM scholarships, was also evaluated. An emphasis in this project was placed oninvolving women and

Conference Session

Design Communications & Cognition II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn W. Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University ; Philip Samuel, BMGI

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

designer’s usual way of thinking and the type(s) of thinkingrequired to resolve a given Problem A. For example, a designer whose capacity for sketchingis low might learn some basic drawing techniques to help bridge this (level) gap. Or, adesigner who tends to think tangentially may need to apply techniques that help him/her to“stay focused” (a different style) in order to solve a particular problem. Once again, werecognize the need for a systematic way to characterize design techniques, so the appropriatechoices can be made; we turn now to our development of such a classification scheme.3. A Cognition-Based Classification Scheme for Design TechniquesBased on the Cognition-Based Design (CBD) framework described briefly above, we havedeveloped a

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching: Mechanics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jim M. Papadopoulos, University of Wisconsin - Stout; Christopher Papadopoulos, University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Campus; Vincent C. Prantil, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

, mesh, and solve. Within about an hour, anyone who is familiar withMicrosoft Windows and understands the component description of a force can learn how to dothis for a diverse range of shapes and loadings. And the graphical portrayal of input and outputquantities makes it easy to detect many user errors. But what are educators doing to incorporatethis ubiquitous, increasingly inexpensive tool into basic engineering classes?The practice of embedding or integrating FEA into freshman design courses seems to have madean appearance in the 1990‟s, coincident with the movement to develop integrated freshmancurricula that include or emphasize design. Barr et al. (1998; 2005)1,2 describe their work toinclude FEA as part of a larger focus on solid

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leigh R Abts, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

a secondary student’s design-based project(s) – an often important aspect of anundergraduate Introduction to Engineering Course.Currently, a student’s transcript is the most widely applied and utilized model for representing astudent’s learning and practice of STEM concepts. The transcript provides a series of one-dimensional, snapshots (grades) aggregated as a Grade Point Average – GPA, and is sometimessupplemented with other data such as SAT® or ACT® scores. The assessment process that ismost often used to generate a transcript grade is the administration of multiple-choice tests,inferences from which have, for the past century, been central to the definition of competency.Given the potential richness and complexity of evidence of

Conference Session

Technological Literacy for K-12 and for Community College Students: Concepts, Assessment, and Courses

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Macho, Buffalo State College

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

, knowledge- intensive jobs and the innovative enterprises that lead to discovery and new technology, our economy will suffer and our people will face a lower standard of living. Economic studies conducted even before the information-technology revolution have shown that as much as 85% of measured growth in US income per capita was due to technological change. (p. 1) Keeping pace with this pressing need, the white house has taken upon the Educateto Innovate (WhiteHouse Press release(s) (2009 & 2010) initiative): The AP (1/7) reports that on Wednesday, President Obama launched his $250 million "Educate to Innovate" campaign "to train math and science teachers and help meet his

Conference Session

Enhancing K-12 STEM Education with Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Macho, Buffalo State College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, knowledge- intensive jobs and the innovative enterprises that lead to discovery and new technology, our economy will suffer and our people will face a lower standard of living. Economic studies conducted even before the information-technology revolution have shown that as much as 85% of measured growth in US income per capita was due to technological change. (p. 1) Keeping pace with this pressing need, the white house has taken upon the Educateto Innovate (WhiteHouse Press release(s) (2009 & 2010) initiative): The AP (1/7) reports that on Wednesday, President Obama launched his $250 million "Educate to Innovate" campaign "to train math and science teachers and help meet his

Conference Session

Understanding and Measuring the Impact of Multidisciplinarity

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

MEDIAN MODE AVG. TOTAL xx STUDENTS # A B C D E F G H I J K . . . . X Y Z RUBRIC COURTESY OF W. S. U. WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY PULLMAN, WA. 99164. LIKERT SCALE WEIGHT DISTRIBUTION (1: Strongly Disagree; 5: Strongly Agree)1 Visual 4 4 3 4 3 3 4 3 2 4 2 2

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noe Vargas Hernandez, The University of Texas at El Paso; Gul Kremer, Pennsylvania State University; Julie Linsey, Texas A&M University; Linda Schmidt, University of Maryland

actually analyzing the ideas. The ideasgenerated can be analyzed based on the functions the problem requires it to fulfill. The evaluatorpredefines each function at different levels (e.g. high, medium and low) based on the type of theideas expected. The ideas falling in the corresponding level for each function receives a noveltyscore (e.g., High-10, Medium-5, Low-1). A novelty score for each idea can be calculated byassigning weights for each function and aggregating for an overall value. Novelty a posteriorican be calculated by counting the number of occurrences for the same idea for each function.The novelty score (S) for each function’s idea can be calculated using the formula: ܶ െ‫ܥ‬

Conference Session

Social Responsibility & Professionalism

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Michael Thompson; William Oakes

by P. W. Jackson, New York: Macmillan.10. Rosser, S. V. (1990). Female-Friendly Science. Pergamon Press, Elmsford, NY.11. Rosser, S. V. (1995). Teaching the Majority: Breaking the Gender Barrier in Science, Mathematics, and Engineering. Teachers College Press, New York, NY.12. Matyas, M. L. & Malcolm, S. (1991). Investing in Human Potential: Science and Engineering at the Crossroads. AAAS, Washington, D.C.13. Oakes, J., Gamoran, A., & Page, R. N. (1992). Curriculum Differentiation: Opportunities, Outcomes, and Meanings, from the Handbook of Research on Curriculum, edited by P. W. Jackson, New York: Macmillan.15. Tsang, E., editor (2000). Projects That Matter: Concepts and Models for Service-Learning in Engineering

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Tom Erekson; Kurt Becker; Maurice Thomas; Christine Hailey

technology education and whyNCETE focuses on 9-12 grade technology education as the provider of engineering designconcepts. The nine institutions associated with NCETE, the school district partners, and theprofessional society partners are described. The paper also presents a broad overview ofresearch themes with a description of how these themes will be more sharply focused over thenext five years. The paper briefly outlines the doctoral program and the technology teacherprogram. It concludes by describing some first year goals.IntroductionProfessional communities across the country are concerned with the future of the science andengineering (S&E) workforce. A report by the National Science Board of the National ScienceFoundation (NSF

Conference Session

Undergraduate Retention Activities

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Rose Marra; Cherith Moore; Mieke Schuurman; Barbara Bogue

. Prism, 10(7), 14 - 21.6. Cunningham, C. M., Thompson, M., Lachapelle, C. P., Goodman, I. F., & Bittinger, K. C. (2000). Women's experiences in college engineering and support programs: Findings from the WECE project. Paper presented at the WEPAN 2000.7. Heller, R. S., & Martin, C. D. (1994). Attracting young minority women to engineering and science: Necessary characteristics for exemplary programs. IEEE Transactions on Education, 37(1), 8-12.8. National Science Foundation (2001). Program for Gender Equity in Science, Mathematics, Engineering and Technology (Program Announcement NSF 01-6): National Science Foundation.9. Thompson, M., Cunningham, C., Lachapelle, C., Bittinger, K., & Goodman, I. (2001). The Women's

Conference Session

Outreach and Recruitment

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri

experiences involved solving the followingproblem involving spring, rope and an applied force as shown in Figure 1a and 1bbelow[28].The problem seeks a solution for angle θ assuming the rope and spring are of length x =2ft. and a force of F = 10 lb. is applied at the joint of rope and spring as illustrated inFigure 1a. Since rope is not stretched, its’ length does not change. The spring lengthchanges (s ft.) in accordance with the spring constant (k = 15lb/ft.). From the free bodydiagram of point A in Figure 1b and using appropriate trigonometry and algebra in the Page 10.173.3resulting triangle ABC in Figure 1a, the following equations are formulated

Conference Session

Engineering Economy Frontiers

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Snehamay Khasnabis

= Net Present Worth = PWOB – PWOC ($) n = Project life (years) n1 = Pay off period (PP)(years) (P/A) = Present Worth Factor (Uniform Series) (P/F) = Present Worth Factor (Single Payment) (PP) = Pay off Period (years) PWOB = Present Worth of Benefit ($) PWOC = Present Worth of Cost ($) S = Salvage Value ($)3.1 Cost Effectiveness (C/E) TechniqueThe principle of Cost Effectiveness (C/E) techniques is based upon the premise that thealternative that costs the least to derive one unit of benefit is considered to be most cost effective.For the highway safety project case, this should be the alternative that costs the least to prevent ahighway accident (of a specific type). The algorithm is as

Conference Session

Design Education

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

John Hochstein; William Janna

FRESHMAN-SENIOR COLLABORATION IN A CAPSTONE DESIGN COURSE John I. Hochstein, William S. Janna Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Memphis Memphis TN 38152ABSTRACTAn innovative capstone design course titled “Design of Fluid Thermal Systems,” involves groupsof seniors working on various semester-long design projects. Groups are composed of 3, 4 or 5members that bid competitively on various projects. Once projects are awarded, freshmen enrolledin the “Introduction to Mechanical Engineering” course are assigned to work with the senior designteams

Conference Session

Grad. and Upper Level Undergrad. BME Courses

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

Richard Magin; Christopher Comer; J Hetling

). A computational model of electrical stimulation of the retinal ganglion cell. IEEE Transactions in Biomedical Engineering 46(5):505-514.8. Stett, A., Barth, W., Weiss, S., Haemmerle, H & Zrenner, E. (2000). Electrical multisite stimulation of the isolated chicken retina. Vision Research 40:1785-1795.9. Grumet, A.E., Wyatt, J.L. & Rizzo, J.F. (2000). Mulit-electrode stimulation and recording in the isolated retina. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 101:31-42.10. Nadig, M.N. (1999). Development of a silicon retinal implant: cortical evoked potentials following focal stimulation of the rabbit retina with light and electricity. Clinical Neurophysiology 110:1545-1553.11. Norman, R.A., Maynard

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2002 Annual Conference

Authors

David Schmidt; Gregory Plett

across another article promoting the control-systems laboratory at the University ofIllinois at Urbana-Champaign.5 An appealing quality of this facility is that it is shared amongseveral departments. The control-systems laboratory at UCCS had previously been housed andoperated by the ECE department, but a new MAE program in the college needed similar facilities.We concluded that a revived laboratory was essential, and should meet the following goals: 1. Hands-on: The new lab should promote control-systems education with experimentation, requiring identification and control of physical device(s). The laboratory course should be designed to complement and synchronize with the lecture course in order to best reinforce concepts learned

Collection

2023 ASEE GSW

Authors

Daniel Bang; Saira Anwar; Syeda Fizza Ali; Alejandra Magana

Technology into Computer Science Education, pp. 52–54, Jan. 1996, doi: 10.1145/237466.237526.6. A. Welsh, "Exploring undergraduates' perceptions of the use of active learning techniques in science lectures," 2012.7. M. Martyn, "Clickers in the classroom: An active learning approach," Educause Quarterly, Vol. 30, No. 2, p. 71, 2007.8. M. Prince, "Does active learning work? A review of the research," Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 93, No. 3, pp. 223–231, 2004, doi: 10.1002/j.2168-9830.2004.tb00809.x.9. S. Anwar, M. Menekse, and A. Kardgar, "Engineering students' self-reflections, teamwork behaviors, and academic performance," 2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, 2019, doi: 10.18260/1-2--32738.10. A. J. Dontre, "The

Collection

2024 ASEE PSW Conference

Authors

Paul Lu, University of Southern California Viterbi School of Engineering. Depart of Industrial and Systems Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity

%20mental%20illness%20is%20a,ability%20to%20relate%20to%20others.3 Minas, Harry. The Centre for International Mental Health Approach for Mental Health System Development. 37.4 National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI). https://www.nami.org/mhstats5 Sharfstean, Steven S. Despair of Hope. The Future of Mental Health Service Delivery in the United States. 241.6 Ibid.241.7 Wang, Ying; Byrne, Louise; Bartram, Timothy; and Chapman, Melissa. Developing Inclusive and HealthyOrganizations by Employing Designated Live Experience Roles: Learning from Human Resource ManagementInnovations in the Mental Health Sector. 1974.8 Ozturkan, Selcen and Merdin-Uygur, Ezgi. Humanoid Service Robots: The Future of Healthcare? 166

Conference Session

Design Tools & Methodology II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Josh Tenenberg, University of Washington, Tacoma

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

drawings on paper or whiteboard, but also might include screenshots or photos of partially developed sketches/prototypes. There should be several! 4. Choice rationale: Provide a rationale for your choice of the design idea(s) that you converged on for prototyping. That is, given the set of ideas that you considered, why did you choose these ideas for further development? 5. Novelty: Is it novel? If not novel, how does it differ from what currently exists, and how is it better? 6. Appropriate to user needs: Make sure to indicate how this design meets the key goal(s) that you Page 22.1631.3