Conference Session

FPD XI: Assessing First-Year Programs, Experiences, and Communities

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bart M. Johnson, Itasca Community College; Ronald R. Ulseth, Itasca Community College; Gordy Savela, Itasca Community College; Mason A. Hansen, Itasca Community College; Julie Kennedy, P.E., Itasca Community College

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

engineers use in professional practice15. Professional Development – Student development in ethics, etiquette, interviewing, presentations, “dress for success”, and interpersonal skills is an integral part of the EPD sequence. Graduates of the program frequently refer to the positive impact the professional development activities had on their experiences as interns and ultimately in the careers. Citizen Development – Students learn that engineers are servants to society through presentations, reading activities, and a minimum of 70 of hours of community service that they complete while at Itasca. Examples of the activities include road-side clean- ups, recreational trail maintenance, local

Collection

2022 Spring ASEE Middle Atlantic Section Conference

Authors

Pritpal Singh, Villanova University

because of this new approach.Senior Design Project Curriculum at Villanova UniversityThe senior design sequence in the ECE department at Villanova University begins in the springsemester of the junior year with a proposal development course. The project proposal coursestarts with an introduction to ECE design which covers design topics such as organizing aproject, developing system specifications, preparing a system block diagram, organizing, andbreaking down a project into its sub-parts, consideration of appropriate standards that must betaken account in designs, how to prepare a proposal, technical writing, project management(including budgeting, work breakdown scheduling, human resource management, etc.) Thecourse also includes some technical

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

D.E., Lt. Col. Randall K. Liefer

highaltitude, helium filled balloons. The following sections will briefly discuss what balloons can offer to aspace engineering curriculum and describe some of the organizations and bureaucracies with whichthe hopeful ballooner may want to or may have to coordinate. Finally, the Academy’s recentexperience and future plans are presented as an example of one school’s first ever ballooningadventure.Whv Balloons for a Space Experiment? Clearly, a balloon payload at 100,000 feet isn’t “in space” but it is in a harsh environment thatchallenges the student designers to toughen or protect the equipment they plan to send aloft.Atmospheric pressure is reduced by a factor of 75 and the craft is cold soaked for hours at -50 to -70

Conference Session

Software Engineering Course Content

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

(SE) is one such engineering discipline where curriculum enhancement throughlaboratory sessions will highly benefit its graduates.Software Engineering (SE)Prior to the 1990s SE was not an explicit engineering discipline. Computing Curricula 20051states that during the 1990’s SE began to develop as a discipline unto itself. Since then thisdiscipline has been playing an important role in the multibillion dollar software industry. SE isdefined as the discipline of developing and maintaining software systems that behave reliablyand efficiently, are affordable to develop and maintain, and satisfy all the requirements thatcustomers have defined for them1. Figure 1 depicts the conceptual territory occupied by SE in theproblem space of computing

Conference Session

Course/Program Assessment

Collection

2004 Annual Conference

Authors

David Cottrell

two lists ultimately merged and became a fairly comprehensive list of programoutcomes. Additionally, this same program also chose to restructure their outcomes inaccordance with B. S. Bloom’s taxonomy of education objectives that defines six majorcategories of the cognitive domain. This was an effective drill for the faculty within theprogram since it produced a set of outcomes that they could not only more readily relateto, but also one that clearly bore their “stamp of ownership.” With program outcomes in hand, Phase 2 of the plan continues with the programsauditing their curriculum in order to cross reference the program outcomes with courselearning objectives. The resulting matrix has provided a number of intriguing insightswith some

Conference Session

FPD7 - Global Warming & Sustainability for First-Year Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex Friess; Carol Briam, Dubai Aerospace Enterprise University; Linda Thompson, Dubai Aerospace Enterprise University; Hemdeep Dulthummon, Dubai Aerospace Enterprise University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

, increasing ESL student achievement, and meeting the needs of secondary ESL students in the content areas. Current interests include, developing programs which ensure university success for ESL students, integrated curriculum at an aviation focused university, and accreditation processes.Hemdeep Dulthummon, Dubai Aerospace Enterprise University Hemdeep Dulthummon is an undergraduate student at Dubai Aerospace Enterprise University. He is currently doing a B.Sc. in Flight and Aviation Management but plans to switch to Aerospace Engineering. Page 13.629.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

DeLean A Tolbert, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

problems.Although mathematics is distinct from engineering, there is a need for engineering students andengineers to draw heavily from prior mathematics knowledge and apply that knowledge to solveproblems. This integration of knowledge will be discussed in following section.Engineering LearningResearch in the area of engineering learning in informal settings is still emerging. Traditionallyengineering education has been viewed as the teaching and learning of traditional engineeringdisciplinary knowledge amongst college students in preparation for the needs of industry and theacademe. The engineering education curriculum was shaped in part by the needs of industry,guided in the direction of funding and traditionally designed to resemble the French model

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary and Liberal Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

April Kedrowicz, University of Utah; Bob Nelson, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

at a large Western University.Since 1996, individuals from the Department of Communication and the University WritingProgram have provided instructional support in communication on an as needed, sometimesinformal basis. In 2003, thanks to the generous support from the William and Flora HewlettFoundation, the CLEAR Program was able to formalize communication instruction and developa four-year communication integration plan that includes curriculum development, directinstruction in the classroom, and student and faculty consultations, as well as researchingcommunication and engineering pedagogy.At the end of each semester, course evaluations are distributed in every course with formalizedCLEAR instruction. These evaluations, developed by the

Collection

1996 Annual Conference

Authors

W. M. Waite; Rommel Simpson

thenecessary skill acquisition. This paper discusses the structure and support of this course, and our experiencewith teaching it.1. BackgroundFalling enrollments and problems with retention of sophomores prompted us to examine our curriculum in1992. We interviewed students, looked at initiatives at other schools, consulted with industryrepresentatives, and debated strategy and tactics internally. Our conclusion was that we needed to improvethe students’ laboratory experience and integrate it more closely with lecture material. In that way, we feltthat we could provide stronger motivation for the lecture material and also reinforce it through immediateapplication.There has been a trend at the University of Colorado towards a separation of lectures

Conference Session

CPD Technical Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell L. Springer PMP, SPHR, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Mark T. Schuver, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

various leader- ship positions. He holds an Associate Degree in Drafting Technology from North Iowa Area Community College (1967), a BS in Business Administration (1990) and MS in Management (1992) from Indiana Wesleyan University. Mark is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and serves on the Executive Board of the Continuing Professional Development Division. He is also a member of College/Industry Partner- ships, Engineering Technology and Graduate Studies Divisions of ASEE. Mark is a Lifetime Certified Purchasing Manager with the Institute of Supply Management (formerly NAPM

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew J. Czuchry, East Tennessee State University; Shawn A. Carson, University of Tennessee; James H. Lampley, East Tennessee State University; William H. Knight, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. Browder’srecognition that the broadband capability would enhance this core business reliability inproviding improved services for effective power delivery to electric customers. This is a majorlesson to be learned. In an existing business you always have to enhance the core competenciesof the business to ensure that your innovation can be effectively and efficiently deployed. So in2007 the BTES Triple Play was launched and Bristol Tennessee Electrical System changed itsname to Bristol Tennessee Essential Services. Because these three students were all employeesof BTES their trustworthiness, ethics, honesty and integrity were proven because they had beenlong term employees of the company. Their passion was obvious from the enthusiastic work forthe past six

Conference Session

Innovative Partnerships

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Theodore Branoff, North Carolina State University; Pooneh Lari, North Carolina State University; Michelle Hsiang, Research Triangle Institute

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

2006-319: PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR COMMUNITY COLLEGETEACHERSTheodore Branoff, North Carolina State University Ted is an associate professor of Graphic Communications at North Carolina State University and has been an ASEE member since 1987. He has taught courses in introductory engineering graphics, computer-aided design, descriptive geometry, instructional design and course design. Ted has a bachelor of science in Technical Education, a master of science in Occupational Education, and a Ph.D. in Curriculum and Instruction. His current academic interests include spatial visualization ability, geometric dimensioning and tolerancing, constraint-based modeling, graphics education, and

Conference Session

FPD5 - Teaming and Peer Performance

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arlisa Labrie Richardson, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

AC 2008-654: TINKERING INTERACTIONS ON FRESHMAN ENGINEERINGDESIGN TEAMSArlisa Labrie Richardson, Arizona State University Arlisa Labrie Richardson graduated from Grambling State University with a BS in Physics. After ten years of engineering experience in the semiconductor industry, she returned to graduate school to earn a MS in Engineering of Materials from Arizona State University. In May 2008 she completed her PhD in Curriculum and Instruction with an emphasis in Science Education at Arizona State University. Her research interest includes freshman engineering and retention efforts for female engineering students. In her current position as the Coordinator of Instructional

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Renee M Clark, University of Pittsburgh; Autar Kaw, University of South Florida; Mary E. Besterfield-Sacre, University of Pittsburgh; Andrew Scott, Alabama A&M University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

higher education as a means to provide moreengaging, quality-driven experiences for learners. It aims to optimally integrate face-to-face oralcommunications with online learning, which often contains a written component [1,2,3]. Withblended learning, aspects of face-to-face classroom learning are replaced or augmented byappropriate online or technology-based experiences, such as simulations, labs, tutorials, andassessments [1].An NSF grant allowed us to experiment with alternative teaching modes in a numerical methodscourse, and we began a formal comparison of blended vs. flipped instruction in 2014. This isone of the first studies we are aware of (after a search of the literature) that compares blendedversus flipped instruction in a STEM course

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS) Technical Session 6: Online, Remote, and VIrtual Labs

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sabia Zehra Abidi, Rice University; Victor Suturin, Monash University; Robert Lee Read, Public Invention; Nathaniel Bechard

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division (DELOS)

underscored the need for accessible respiratory technology in high- andlow-resource settings. For critically ill patients in the US and worldwide, the mechanicalventilator supply was insufficient [1]–[3]. Indeed, the presence of more mechanical ventilators,in addition to therapeutic oxygen, skilled respiration staff, and ICU beds could have reduced the6.8 million COVID related death toll. While governments and private companies attempted tomeet the demand by maximizing the production of new ventilators, troubleshooting and repair ofexisting devices could have also ameliorated the available global supply [1], [2].Our bioengineering curriculum addresses this skill of troubleshooting with an advanced seniorlaboratory course called Troubleshooting for

Conference Session

IE and Manufacturing

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rashpal Ahluwalia, West Virginia University; Atul Phadke, West Virginia University; Gary Winn, West Virginia University; Reagan Curtis, West Virginia University

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

program through WVU engineering student mentors. The programconsists of introductory engineering training; basic math, science, and technology skills:ACT/SAT7 preparation and study skills necessary to endure on a large college campus. Theprograms emphasis is primarily on mathematics, physics, engineering, and internet technology.Recent trend in engineering education facilitated by the Engineering Criteria developed by theAccreditation Board of Engineering and Technology (ABET)8 encourages integration of designthroughout the engineering curriculum. It also promotes integration of both the soft andtechnical skills to increase academic knowledge, life skills consistent with undertakingresponsibilities within the engineering profession. During summer

Conference Session

EMD Technical Session 1: Captstone, Ethics, and Statistical Methods

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cole Shannon, South Dakota State University; Patrick Lovrien, South Dakota State University; Bret Barnett, South Dakota State University; Carrie Steinlicht, South Dakota State University; Ekaterina Koromyslova, South Dakota State University

great insight on the success of their projects. One was avery successful project and the other reported poor outcomes with multidisciplinary projects. Inthe project held by Nanyang Polytechnic, they sensed a demand from the biomedical industry forwork-force ready students, so they created an integrated curriculum with multidisciplinarycomponents to aid in that demand. They were provided feedback from their industry sponsors onthe success of their integrated curriculum who showed satisfaction in the students they were nowemploying. They also noticed that their employment rate improved in 2016. The students alsoreflected positively on the curriculum and now a 12-month integrated work-study program isbeing implemented to take the multidisciplinary

Conference Session

ECE-related Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Seemein Shayesteh P.E., Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Maher E. Rizkalla, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

curriculum. The positive impacts of these examples have stimulatedexciting discussions among ME students. (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) Figure 4. Electrical / Hydraulic Analogy Example: (a) Hydraulic Mechaical System, (b) Mechanical parameters; Torque/Angular velocity/Angle analogy, (c)concept of resistance and capacitance, (d) Mechanical Flow and restriction in flow,(e) Hydraulic system with flow branching, and (f) analogous electrical system with current node.IV. Results and DiscussionAn issue of “too abstract and not too visible” ECE content materials was often cited bynon-electrical engineering majors when pursuing an

Conference Session

Writing and Communication II

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Luke Niiler; David Beams, University of Texas-Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

cohort have with their writing in Engineering courses are problems shared by other inexperienced writers in other disciplines. For example, while student writers Page 11.694.12 across the disciplines as observed by Dr. Niiler in the UT-Tyler Writing Center are not required to employ tables, figures and graphs in their written work, they are required to integrate and document secondary sources into their research papers. These students often place extended quoted material directly into the body of an essay with little to no regard for context. EWI student writers made the same error: assuming, like

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to ME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hakan Gurocak, Washington State University-Vancouver

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

curriculum contains four technical electives. Students can choose totake any elective or they can take three of these electives out of a sequence of linked electivecourses that constitute an option area. One of these option areas is mechatronics. Themechatronics option has its stem in the two junior level required courses that all students take.These are Mech 304 “Instrumentation and Measurement” and Mech 348 “System Dynamics.”After this introduction, students who choose to continue in the mechatronics option take the threeelectives: Mech 405 “Introduction to Microcontrollers”, Mech 467 “Automation” and Mech 468“Robotics.”The university catalog designation of Mech 405 is a 3-credit, lecture-only course. In the first 8weeks of the semester, the

Conference Session

Understanding our Students & Ethical Development

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denise Wilson, University of Washington; Mee Joo Kim, University of Washington-Seattle; Rebecca A. Bates, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Elizabeth Burpee

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

instruction on ethics in the undergraduate curriculum as mandated by the ABETaccreditation criteria.12 Likewise, critical thinking skills are generally seen to be an essential partof engineering instruction both at undergraduate and graduate levels. In this paper, rather thanevaluating writing for writing’s sake, we use it as a tool to understand students’ critical thinkingand ethical literacy with regard to macroethical dilemmas. This perspective is chosen with thepractical objective of understanding what kinds of deficits in critical thinking may be impairingethics instruction and the subsequent development of strong ethical literacy.Ethical Literacy among Engineering Undergraduates: Ethics issues in engineering haveincreasingly drawn attention in

Collection

2021 ASEE Pacific Southwest Conference - "Pushing Past Pandemic Pedagogy: Learning from Disruption"

Authors

Farbod Khoshnoud, California State Polytechnic University; Clarice D. Aiello, University of California, Los Angeles; Bruno Marco Quadrelli, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology; Maziar Ghazinejad, University of California, San Diego; Clarence W De Silva, The University of British Columbia; Farbod Khoshnoud; Behnam Bahr, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona; Lucas Lamata, Universidad de Sevilla

technologicalstandpoints in future. To address the educational needs of the future engineers in such areas ofsignificant importance, quantum entanglement and quantum cryptography experiments, as twofundamental topics in quantum mechanics, are brought into the mechatronics course in an initiativethat is reported in this paper. The integrated quantum and mechatronics topics also providesopportunities for open discussions on exploring the interface of quantum technologies and classicalengineering systems, which can potentially push the engineering boundaries beyond classicalpossibilities by accessing and leveraging the quantum advantages. An innovative online remotedemonstration of such quantum experiments is also developed and presented to the students. Thiscourse

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kelli Paul, Indiana University; Euisuk Sung, Indiana University; Adam V. Maltese, Indiana University; Karen Miel, Tufts University; Merredith D. Portsmore, Tufts University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

. 1, pp. 27-37, 2014. Retrieved from http://www.ijkie.org/IJKIE_August2014_SEAN%20MCCUSKER.pdf[15] S. Papert and I. Harel, “Situating constructionism,” Constructionism, vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 1- 11, 1991. Retrieved from http://namodemello.com.br/pdf/tendencias/situatingconstrutivism.pdf[16] M.M. Hynes, C. Beebe, A. Hira, A., and K.R. Maxey, “Make-an-Engineer: introduction to engineering activity (P12 Resource/Curriculum Exchange), in Proceedings from the American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference and Exposition, Salt Lake City, Utah, June 2018. https://peer.asee.org/30783[17] J.S. Brown, A. Collins, and P. Duguid, “Situated cognition and the culture of learning,” Educational

Conference Session

Innovation for ChE Student Learning

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

James Newell

their educational experiences, theirpersistence in college, and the more likely they are to continue their learning” [6]. Thus,it is reasonable to conclude that an effective student must be both self-aware and self-directed, yet these issues are often ignored completely by engineering faculty.Student awareness and understanding of their learning skills, performance, preferences,and barriers is referred to as metacognition. Although different research groupsemphasize different aspects of metacognition [7], it clearly refers to two distinct, butrelated issues [8]: Awareness and knowledge of self as learner Conscious self-control and self-regulation of cognitionIn essence, a metacognitive learner must understand his or her

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vann Priest, Rio Hondo College; Gisela Spieler-Persad, Rio Hondo College; Ryan Taylor Bronkar, Rio Hondo College

Tagged Topics

Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session

Paper ID #16850STARSS: Scholarships to Aid Rio Hondo STEM StudentsDr. Vann Priest, Rio Hondo College Vann Priest is Interim Dean of Mathematics and Sciences. He earned his Ph.D. in condensed matter physics from the University of Missouri-Columbia. After arriving at Rio Hondo College in 2000, Dr. Priest reformed the physics curriculum to include the results of physics education research. He has incor- portated aspects of the inquiry-based curricula Workshop Physics and RealTime Physics. Due to generous funding from two grants from the Department of Defense and its Instrumentation Program for Hispanic Serving

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division (GSD) Technical Session 7: Developing Graduate Students' Competencies and Identities

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra Allain, Pennsylvania State University; Robert J. Rabb P.E., Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies Division (GSD)

. • LPE 853 Engineering, Law and Policy Systems: An interdisciplinary course co-taught between the School of Engineering Design and Innovation and the Law School, providing a broad exploration of the relationship between engineering, policy, and law. From driverless cars to AI-powered systems, engineering is transforming public and private spaces. This course identifies the legal and political constraints engineering solutions must satisfy to be implemented within complex engineering systems. • EDSGN 558 Systems Design: The course is designed to immerse students in the principles, practices and application of systems engineering within the design, development, integration and deployment of complex

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship, Design, and PBL

Collection

2005 Annual Conference

Authors

Ken Ports

communicating with employees at a work site. 3) An improved system for linking individual computers with servers. 4) A real-time wireless system for providing traffic and environmental information to vehicle operators. 5) An integrated “black box” / entertainment system for motor vehicles. 6) A system for utilizing color as well as pattern for security and information storage in UPC product codes. 7) A drive-by-wire system as a fundamental building block for an autonomous, full size vehicle.Some of the larger and more complex projects may also have entrepreneurial elements: 1) A suborbital rocket 2) A formula racecar 3) A vertical take-off and landing aircraft 4) A

Conference Session

Mentoring First Year Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rose Marra, University of Missouri; Whitney Edmister, Virginia Tech; Bevlee Watford, Virginia Tech; Barbara Bogue, Pennsylvania State University; Chia-Lin Tsai, University of Missouri; Fleur Gooden, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

AC 2010-384: PEER MENTORING: IMPACT ON MENTEES AND COMPARISONWITH NON-PARTICIPANTSRose Marra, University of Missouri ROSE M. MARRA is an Associate Professor in the School of Information Science and Learning Technologies at the University of Missouri. She is Co-Director of the NSF-funded Assessing Women andMen in Engineering (AWE) and Assessing Women In Student Environments (AWISE) projects and Co-PI of the National Girls Collaborative Project. Her research interests include gender equity issues, the epistemological development of college students, and promoting meaningful learning in web-based environments.Whitney Edmister, Virginia Tech WHITNEY A. EDMISTER is the Assistant Director of the

Conference Session

Sustainability and Engineering Courses

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Lynch, Dartmouth College

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

principles of sustainabilityxii, and their expression in engineeringpractice, is required of all civil engineers.There are social, economic, and physicalxiii aspects of sustainability. The latter includes bothnatural resources and the environment. Technology affects all three and a broad, integrativeunderstanding is necessary in support of the public interest. Beyond that, special competence isrequired in the scientific understanding of natural resources and the environment, which are thefoundation of all human activity; and the integration of this knowledge into practical designs thatsupport and sustain human development. Vestxiv referred to this as the primary systems problemfacing the 21st century engineer.The actual life of an engineered work

Conference Session

FPD7 -- Service Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Promiti Dutta, Columbia University; Alexander Haubold, Columbia University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

undergraduate engineering students. This requires for integration of students fromvarying engineering disciplines and from different educational levels of their undergraduatetenure. Our program is focused to serve as an introduction to engineering design for first yearstudents with limited technical backgrounds in any specific realm of engineering. Furthermore,EPICS is not a mandatory component for students at Purdue. However, since our CSLP programis integrated into our mandatory first-year curriculum, we can ensure that each student is giventhe opportunity to participate.Our program is part of the National EPICS program. While we share the same vision as ourpartner institutions, our approaches vary significantly. We believe in the importance of