educate a non-engineer city councilmember,Tom related a roadway construction technique to how the leader might treat a potted plant.Participants also described helping a leader develop soft skills, such as communicating about asensitive issue or resolving a conflict. Penelope emphasized that approaching a leader to educatethem rather than to negotiate or refuse can help “defuse” the situation and “leave people in anhonorable way.” Negotiating refers to the ethical follower working with the leader to find a suitablecompromise that serves the leader’s interests and the ethical follower’s interests. In Tom’s case,he was asked to sign and seal a design for a 225-ft water tower that originally provided anelevator for technicians to use but that