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Displaying results 2491 - 2520 of 8955 in total
Collection
2025 ASEE -GSW Annual Conference
Authors
Mia K. Markey, University of Texas at Austin; Anakaren Romero Lozano, University of Texas at Austin; Kristin M Connelly, University of Texas at Austin
Tagged Topics
Diversity
CareerEngagement (https://careerengagement.utexas.edu/graduate-students/). In addition to our state ofthe art research facilities, our campus also offers numerous opportunities for personal growth andrelaxation, including the Blanton Museum of Art (https://blantonmuseum.org/), Moody Center(https://moodycenteratx.com/), and Recreational Sports (https://www.utrecsports.org/).At the department level, we offer peer-mentoring and weekly professional development seminarsthrough the BMEntored program. We are proud of how our students support each other throughstudent organizations such as the BME Graduate Student Society(https://sites.google.com/view/utbmegss/home) and Graduates for Underrepresented Minorities(https://www.gumut.org/). We invite you to stay
Conference Session
Innovative Classroom Techniques
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Todd Johnson, Washington State University; Reid Miller, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
of the curriculum tostimulate learning through independent thinking, communication with peers, and interaction withthe instructor. Voluntary peer tutorials were held each week by outstanding juniors in chemicalengineering who took the course the previous year. Also, short writing assignments were used toprovide the instructor with background information about each student, provide midtermfeedback to the instructor, and to stimulate student thinking about certain tangential aspects ofthe course; like careers, history and famous women in engineering.For the blended instruction course (experimental group), new elements included the following:1) course was set up under university-licensed software as a web-based course using WebCT(even though it
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 4
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald F. DeMara, University of Central Florida; Soheil Salehi, University of Central Florida; Baiyun Chen, University of Central Florida; Richard Hartshorne, University of Central Florida
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
to utilize the tool. Therefore, the logistics ofclassroom integration are greatly reduced. Figure 3.1 depicts the interface with a whiteboard(left) and a chat window (right). In GLASS, the whiteboard is used by the team to collaborativelyconstruct the solution to a given Challenge Problem. The chat window is used by team membersto share resources, discuss their approach to the problem, and reach a consensus when ready tosubmit for grading. Although Google Docs has been adopted in teaching and learning in higher Figure 3.1: Etherpad text-based collaboration tool depicting integrated Whiteboard and Chat windows.education for group projects, collaborative writing, peer review, and others in various disciplines[26-28], Etherpad added increased
Conference Session
Electrical and Computer Division Technical Session 5
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Branimir Pejcinovic, Portland State University; Robert B. Bass, Portland State University; Phillip Wong, Portland State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
– frequent meetings provide all team members with a granular understanding of the project’s statusExisting literature on using Scrum in engineering education deals almost exclusively with upper-division or graduate engineering courses [4]. While this may be an obvious place to utilizeScrum, it should actually be taught across the engineering curriculum. For example, it has beenshown that technical writing is a skill that ought to be taught and reinforced across multipleengineering courses and years [11,12]. For any project management technique to be really useful,we should start teaching it early and reintroduce it often. For these reasons, we have beenimplementing Scrum methodology across several years of our ECE undergraduate program.2.1
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Carol Elizabeth Marchetti, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Sharon Patricia Mason, Rochester Institute of Technology; Margaret B. Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Maureen S. Valentine, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); DeLois Kijana Crawford, Rochester Institute of Technology (GCCIS)
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
conducted in 2016by the University of Washington (UW) Center for Evaluation and Research for STEM Equityfound that awardees “found the grant writing process to be beneficial in helping them refineand package their ideas, build relationships with mentors, and develop literature reviews.Some of the grantees found themselves using parts of their proposal for federal grantproposals.” The UW evaluation also identified the following career impacts from theawardees: Internal and External Collaborations Strengthened, Mentorship by Grant Mentorsand Peers Benefitted Grantees; Increased Confidence in Expertise and Dissemination ofWork; Value and Influence Manifested as Respect, Credibility, and Leadership Potential;Leadership Experience Built Tangible Skills
Conference Session
International Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kent A. Wayland, University of Virginia
Tagged Divisions
International
affective dimension of reentry shock, but the course offers a range ofactivities that help students to re-engage with their experience abroad and to integrate theirinternational experience into their career plans and professional self-presentation. Specifically,the course activities encourage students to participate in several activities that will encouragetheir global orientation, such as serving as an “ambassador”, mentoring a service-learning team,or interviewing a peer or a professional about their global experiences. Finally, the courseincludes structured reflection in the form of a final writing project.15Georgia Tech has long been a leader in international learning. Its International Plan serves as amodel for engaging, as Lohmann, Rollins
Conference Session
New Faculty Issues and Concerns
Collection
2003 Annual Conference
Authors
Heidi Diefes-Dux; Robert Montgomery; William Oakes; Deborah Follman
the textbook before coming toclass; active learning; undergraduate lecture teaching assistants; distribution and collection ofmaterials as well as post-lecture review of submitted work; making the environment more friendlythrough music and videos; integration of learning communities; and classroom representatives andteam minute papers to create a manageable student feedback mechanism. This paper will presentthe perspectives of a new faculty member teaching for the first time and of more experiencedinstructors of large classes.Introductory CommentsOne can imagine the worries of a new professor teaching for the first time: How do I write agood test? How do I keep the lectures interesting? Are my expectations of the studentsreasonable? What if
Conference Session
Ethics and Technology
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christa Walck, Michigan Technological University; Jacqueline E. Huntoon, Michigan Technological University; Jim R. Baker, Michigan Technological University; Jean S. DeClerck, Michigan Technological University; Nora Allred, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
learning and offers scheduling flexibility for busy STEM graduate students throughthe innovative use of educational and communication technologies. Grounded in Pask’s modelof conversation theory, the program engages student peers as well as patent and copyrightexperts in conversations using Web 2.0 technologies to encourage and capture group interactionand build critical thinking skills in the intellectual property domains of U.S. patent and copyrightlaw. Student learning and satisfaction were evaluated using pre- and post-tests, rubric-guidedexpert evaluation of conversation transcripts and problem solutions, focus groups, and feedbackforums, all designed to provide guidance for continuous improvement of course delivery andcontent. Investigators
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 23
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Talha Naqash, Utah State University, Logan ; Oenardi Lawanto, Utah State University; Zain ul Abideen, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello, Utah State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
and scholarly approach. The structured framework has guided the comprehensiveexamination of relevant literature in a manner reflective of best practices in scholarly writing. Thereview used research databases, search strings, and inclusion criteria for an unbiased search toprovide a narrative description that elaborates meaning full story about the existing research in thisfield.Search ProcedureMultiple search databases were queried to select papers to write a literature survey. EBSCO host,Wiley Library, and IEEE Xplore databases were selected because they provide the advanced searchoption to apply practically identical search strings to select papers to ensure that the chosen papersalign with the objectives and focus of your research. EBSCO
Conference Session
Curricular Developments in Energy Education I
Collection
2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Margaret B. Bailey, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
presentingthe results to the class in an informal setting. The technical publications selected by the studentsinclude books from a wide variety of topics, ranging from artificial intelligence to hybrid vehicledesign and infrastructure issues. Students must relate topics explored within the book withtopics learned in Thermodynamics. Thus, in writing a review, the student combines the skills ofdescribing what is on the page, analyzing how the book tried to achieve its purpose as well as Page 22.1351.3how it relates to Thermodynamics, and expressing personal reactions. A page-long list ofsuggested books is provided to the students at the time of project
Collection
1996 Annual Conference
Authors
Samuel S. Lee; R. Narasimhan; M. Lewis Temares
the new environment,especially with regard to study habits, prioritization of tasks, and time management. Many students fail their firstcalculus course and lose interest in engineering. Many students who have successfully completed themathematics sequence are still unable to apply their math skills in solving physical problems (i.e., wordproblems). Several initiatives have been taken to help students adjust, such as proactive advising, earlyintervention, peer counseling, tutoring and the “Freshman Forgiveness Program.” All these efforts haveproduced some positive results. However, to educate students effectively and provide them with an engineeringeducation for a changing world, the entire curriculum requires careful review and re-design with
Conference Session
Faculty Development: Tenure & Promotion
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Garrick Louis, University of Virginia
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
of juniorfaculty, many Assistant Professors agonize over writing and submitting their CAREERproposal.The goal of this paper is to present a systematic model for preparing the NSF CAREERproposal. Its objectives are to provide; a historical context for the CAREER program, apedagogical guide to preparing the proposal and supporting documents, and a templatefor writing the CAREER proposal. In the words of an experienced NSF program officer,“if you don’t submit a proposal, your chances of receiving an award are zero.”The CAREER Proposal Sections and FormatThere are 13 distinct sections required in an NSF CAREER proposal. The core of theserequirements are the Project Summary, Project Description, Budget with justification,and the Departmental
Conference Session
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering Division: Evaluation: Exploring the Impact of Programs & Professional Development for K-12 Teachers
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kathleen A. Harper, The Ohio State University
Tagged Divisions
Pre-College Engineering Education Division
workshops for area chemistry andphysics teachers since 2004, reaching almost 370 teachers during that time. For most of theprogram’s history, three concurrent workshops have been offered each summer: one inmechanics, one in introductory chemistry, and an advanced curriculum writing workshop. Thecurriculum workshop is open to any teacher who has completed an introductory workshop andimplemented the Modeling approach. The majority of participants maintain ties after theirworkshops to the local and national Modeling community via active listservs and, primarily onthe local level, special events. Almost one-third of the teachers have taken at least twoworkshops through the program. Given that the workshops consist of three intense weeks duringthe
Conference Session
Graduate Education Model, Industry and Practitioner Experience - Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chi-Ning Chang, Texas A&M University, Department of Educational Psychology; Brandie Semma, Texas A&M University; Debra A. Fowler, Texas A&M University; Raymundo Arroyave, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
priorities. Second, most students wanted toimprove their academic writing skills, but few took ownership to write on their own. This is notunusual for busy graduate students, however programs exist to assist graduate students withbecoming better academic writers so a decision was made to include such as effort. To that end,a graduate student writing consultant, one that has been trained in supporting graduate studentsin the writing process, has been brought in to conduct weekly writing sessions with cohort 2where various topics are discussed and writing is peer reviewed. Students are required to engagein both the learning community and writing community in the future. We will continue tooptimize the interdisciplinary graduate education program as we
Collection
2001 Annual Conference
Authors
Carl White; Myra Curtis; Clifton Martin
critical thinking, writing and speaking skills.The paper describes the program, the leadership structure and the training/mentoring model thathas resulted in the current program design and the expanded outreach effort.IntroductionIn the urban communities the underrepresented student is faced with roadblocks that can impedetheir educational development. These roadblocks include inadequate classroom environment,inadequate teacher preparation, inadequate educational tools, as well as any family economic andsocial barriers. Most of these students rarely break through these roadblocks successfully.Consequently, they do not reach their potential to achieve academically. This academic crisis forthe underrepresented student is no more apparent than in the
Conference Session
New Classrooms, New Challenges II: Assessing Non-traditional Approaches
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Matthew Cooper, North Carolina State University; Lisa G. Bullard, North Carolina State University; Steven W. Peretti, North Carolina State University; David F. Ollis, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Chemical Engineering
numerous awards for both teaching and advising, including being named as an NCSU Alumni Distinguished Undergraduate Professor, the ASEE Raymond W. Fahien Award, the John Wiley Premier Award for Engineering Education Courseware, NCSU Fac- ulty Advising Award, National Effective Teaching Institute Fellow, NCSU Alumni Outstanding Teacher Award, George H. Blessis Outstanding Undergraduate Advisor Award, ASEE Southeastern Section New Teacher Award, and ASEE-ERM Apprentice Faculty Grant Award. Bullard’s research interests lie in the area of educational scholarship, including teaching and advising effectiveness, academic integrity, process design instruction, and the integration of writing, speaking, and computing within the
Collection
1999 Annual Conference
Authors
Roger Ware; Charles F. Yokomoto
issues, writing, problem solving, and interpersonal communications.1. Introduction 1At the 1998 ASEE Annual Conference, E. Dendy Sloan delivered an elegant address on the 2introduction of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) to the engineering and technologyteaching community. He mentioned how Katherine Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myers begandevelopment of the instrument in the early 1940s, based on the description of psychological 3types described by Swiss psychologist Carl G. Jung in 1921 and how a consortium of seven 4universities
Conference Session
Using technology in engineering ethics education
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald P. Uhlig, National University; Shatha Jawad, National University; Phillip Zamora, National University; Elizabeth Niven, National University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics Division (ETHICS)
members are then expected to watch the recorded presentation and write a paragraph summarizing the content. This method promotes collaborative learning among students, encouraging them to grasp their solutions thoroughly to effectively communicate these solutions to their peers. These assignment formats have been successfully implemented in various courses, including Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Python, and other computing-related topics. • Answer questions related to diagrams in exams and quizzes. For example, the activation function is an important part of the design of every layer in the deep learning neural network and there are many of them, as shown in Figure 2. For instance, a sigmoid
Conference Session
Something New??? within Engineering Design Graphics Education
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Derek M Yip-Hoi, Western Washington University; Jerimiah Gabriel Welch, Western Washington University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
haste to complete the exercises. The clarity of text-based exercises can often be an issue. Not every student interprets instructions in the same way. Students read and interpret instructions at different speeds. This results in challenges keeping the class moving through material together. This can exacerbate a weaker student’s understanding of critical concepts as they rush in an attempt to keep pace with their peers. Instructors and TAs are often by-standers when students are working on these exercises. In many cases they are relegated to assisting students understand the instructions rather than engaging them in deepening their understanding of the concepts. This is not the best use of their time and skill
Conference Session
Capstone Design I
Collection
2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Carl D. Sorensen, Brigham Young University; Robert H. Todd, Brigham Young University; Taylor Halverson, Brigham Young University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
, design, writing, or other performance assessments.7,8,9Bailey and Szabo declare “Rigorously assessing students' design process knowledge is essentialfor understanding how to best create learning environments to facilitate the development of suchknowledge. Such assessment is also quite difficult and hence there is a lack of assessment toolscapable of measuring the design process knowledge of every student in a large college”.28 Thisstatement concisely depicts the wide open field of opportunity for engineering educators todevise, validate, and publish assessment instruments targeting design skills and knowledge.35, 36Some efforts have been made to address this opportunity through the development ofstandardized tests of engineering design skills
Conference Session
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM) Technical Session 16
Collection
2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Omar Jose Garcia, University of Oklahoma; Javeed Kittur, University of Oklahoma
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods Division (ERM)
either experiences with mentors, peers, and/or other instructors as having influenced theirprocess of preparation, though a large portion of respondents specified that interactions withinstructors influenced their process of preparation, but not peers or mentors. Many respondentsdescribed their experiences in seeking and receiving feedback as a TA from both peers and mentorsas beneficial. A few respondents stated that no one has helped them prepare. Regarding concernsfor a career in academia, many expressed worries regarding the pressures of research, potentiallack in work-life balance, low salaries, and the difficulties of finding a faculty position.Additionally, some expressed concerns regarding the culture of academia; including factors
Conference Session
Laboratories and Computer Simulation in BME
Collection
2007 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Timothy Allen, University of Virginia; Brett Blackman, University of Virginia
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
execution of theirprojects, subject to instructor approval. Students thus have an opportunity to engage inexperimental design at a level that prepares them for the upcoming Capstone projects thefollowing year.Course AssessmentAssessment of the course after each module was conducted using oral and writtencommunication from the students. Course evaluations were collated at the end of each semester,and individual exit interviews and anonymous surveys were conducted for two graduatingclasses. Students complete peer evaluations each semester regarding the performance of theirfellow group members in the lab and in writing the reports. Summative assessment of studentlearning consisted of pre-lab quizzes each week, laboratory reports for each module, one
Conference Session
Faculty Unite! Effective Ways for Educators to Collaborate Successfully
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christine S. Grant, North Carolina State University; Barbara E Smith, North Carolina State University; Louis A Martin-Vega, North Carolina State University; Olgha Bassam Qaqish, North Carolina State University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
New Engineering Educators
 Encouraging faculty  Engineer-to engineer peer  Senior faculty  Promotion/Career service at funding mentoring;  Non-tenure- development agencies (name of  Funding/publications/ service/ track faculty  Service positions) teaching  Emphasis in  Work/life balance  Proposal writing for  Retention, Promotion, Tenure diversity  Team building government (NSF, NIH,  Cross disciplinary collaborative (incudes  Collaborative & DoD, DOE, AFSOR) research; women and professional and industry funding  Building community
Conference Session
First-year Programs Division Technical Session 5: Using Video, Games, and More in the First Year
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel D. Anastasio, University of Connecticut; Malgorzata Chwatko, University of Connecticut; Daniel D. Burkey, University of Connecticut; Jeffrey Ryan McCutcheon
Tagged Divisions
First-Year Programs
consistency of grades, each grader is responsible for grading the same section for eachdeliverable for the entire semester. With this system in place, two instructors and two teachingassistants are able to grade deliverables for nineteen student companies in an afternoon. In orderto assure that students gain experience writing a variety of sections and graders, students are notallowed to write the same section for two consecutive deliverables. More importantly, thissystem actively encourages students to communicate the strengths and weaknesses of sectionsthey have already written to their teammates, enabling an atmosphere where students can teachtheir peers and reinforcing what they have learned. This communication is essential as it helpsall
Conference Session
Nontechnical Skills for Engineering Technology Students
Collection
2004 Annual Conference
Authors
Jerome Tapper; Walter Buchanan
students all agreed that being given the opportunity to create and write in this forumgave them a serious leg up on other peer co-workers who had not had this opportunity at theirown schools. One such comment came from a former student, who had made an unannouncedclassroom visit, stated the following to the students in that particular class. “……….I must admit that I was pretty upset over the prospect of writing weekly reports that were 40 to 60 pages long. I now realize that if it were not for that practice, I would really be behind the eight ball in my current job. A good deal of what I do requires communications with others, co-workers, outside
Conference Session
Student Success and Interactions
Collection
2022 ASEE Zone IV Conference
Authors
Michael Sekatchev, University of British Columbia; John Graeme Dockrill, University of British Columbia, Vancouver; Agnes Germaine d'Entremont P.Eng., University of British Columbia, Vancouver
Tagged Topics
Conference Submission, Diversity
pathology as a method of improving student’s knowledge andlearning. After randomly splitting a class of 62 students (32 experimental, 30 control), theexperimental group students were asked to write, answer, and explain 60 multiple choicequestions covering different topics over the length of the term (Shakurnia 2018). Both groupscompleted identical multiple choice pre- and post-tests, and experimental students were surveyedon the question creation activity (Shakurnia 2018). The experimental group achieved on average10% higher grades on the post-test, but the students noted that question writing is unfamiliar andunpopular as a learning strategy (Shakurnia 2018).Students in their second year studying general pathology were assigned to create 4
Conference Session
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies: Best Papers
Collection
2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jonathan W. Valvano, University of Texas - Austin; Ramesh Yerraballi, University of Texas - Austin; Chad Fulton, University of Texas - Austin
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
question rated the simulated labs as helpful or veryhelpful in the process of learning the material. 96% felt the real-board labs were helpful or veryhelpful. Notice that these students rate physical labs much higher than videos, animations, andreading materials.Figure 8. Measure of learning effectiveness differentiated by course content.In this survey we also asked about grading of software style using peer assessment. Table 2shows that this component has room for improvement. The peer assessment was completelyredone for the Spring 2016 class.Table 2. Post-course survey for the Spring 2015 deployment when asked “Peer assessment inLabs 10, 12, or 14 provided me additional insight on writing effective code”.Strongly disagree 3.7%Disagree
Conference Session
ET Pedagogy II
Collection
2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Orlando M. Ayala, Old Dominion University; Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
90 journal and peer-reviewed conference papers. His work has been presented in several international forums in Austria, USA, Venezuela, Japan, France, Mexico, and Argentina. Dr. Ayala has an average citation per year of all his published work of 33.25.Dr. Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University Dr. Otilia Popescu received the Engineering Diploma and M.S. degree from the Polytechnic Institute of Bucharest, Romania, and the PhD degree from Rutgers University, all in Electrical and Computer Engineering. Her research interests are in the general areas of communication systems, control theory, and signal processing. She is currently an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Technology, Old Dominion
Conference Session
Industrial Engineering Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aimee T. Ulstad, Ohio State University; Lora Mavrouli, Ohio State University
Tagged Divisions
Industrial Engineering
minds.Project Operational/Business Plan: Appendix #1 shows the students assignment, which was tocreate a complete business plan for a start-up company planning to make the cookies for the icecream company using the template provided. A phased approached was used to create the finalreport with 2 intermediate assignments and 1 peer review before the groups had to turn in theirfinal report at the end of the 2 months. Assignment #1 (Green Report) was an outline of the business objectives and the key performance metrics the students would recommend for this company. This was due approximately 2 weeks after the cookie production lab. This section was completed after these topics were covered in class. About 45 minutes of class time was devoted to
Conference Session
Engineering Professional Development for K-12 Teachers
Collection
2010 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Howard Kimmel, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ronald Rockland, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Linda Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Levelle Burr-Alexander, New Jersey Institute of Technology; John Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
contained in the CCSSO report8: active learning, coherence, contentfocus, duration, and collective participation and a capstone session which provided the teachersthe opportunity to use their acquired skills and knowledge in a new application. Teachersattended an initial two week summer workshop and a one week summer workshop the followingsummer. Academic year follow-up included one day workshops and in-class support byuniversity faculty, staff and graduate students to work with and mentor teachers during theimplementation process in the classroom and program assessment. In addition, an electronic,peer-learning community was established, for communications among teachers and universitypersonnel, and for online professional development