Naukkarinen, J., & Bairoh, S., & Putila, S. (2021, July), Gender Segregation in the Occupations of Finnish Engineers  Paper presented at 2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access, Virtual Conference. 10.18260/1-2--37221

\bibitem{asee_peer_37221}
  Naukkarinen, J., \& Bairoh, S., \& Putila, S. (2021, July), \emph{Gender Segregation in the Occupations of Finnish Engineers}
  Paper presented at 2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access, Virtual Conference.
  10.18260/1-2--37221

Johanna Naukkarinen, Susanna Bairoh, and Sanna Putila.  "Gender Segregation in the Occupations of Finnish Engineers".  2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access, Virtual Conference, 2021, July.  ASEE Conferences, 2021.  https://peer.asee.org/37221 Internet.  15 Apr, 2025

\bibitem{asee_peer_37221}
  Johanna Naukkarinen, Susanna Bairoh, and Sanna Putila.
  "Gender Segregation in the Occupations of Finnish Engineers".
  \emph{2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access, Virtual Conference, 2021, July}.
  ASEE Conferences, 2021.
  https://peer.asee.org/37221 Internet.  15 Apr, 2025

@INPROCEEDINGS{asee_peer_37221
author = "Johanna Naukkarinen, Susanna Bairoh, and Sanna Putila"
title = "Gender Segregation in the Occupations of Finnish Engineers"
booktitle = "2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access"
year = "2021"
month = "July"
address = "Virtual Conference"
publisher = "ASEE Conferences"
note = {https://peer.asee.org/37221}
number = {10.18260/1-2--37221}
}

TY  - CPAPER
AB  - The Finnish labor market is among the most gender segregated in Europe. Women head for professions in care, whereas men opt for technology. Within different fields, the segregation shows as differences in occupations, wages, and career paths. Research has shown that the careers of women and men diverge upon labor market entry and continue to diverge along the career. Much of the divergence reflects the horizontal segregation in educational choices, but also the career paths of women and men with the same educational background differ in many respects. This vertical segregation has not been studied extensively in Finland. 
This paper sheds light on the vertical gender segregation in engineering by looking at the gender distribution in occupations of people with master’s and doctoral degrees in engineering and architecture. The analysis is based on national data about the population in employment in Finland in 2017. Understanding the gender differences is necessary to design effective measures to reduce the vertical segregation and promote equality in the engineering profession. 
In general, the percentage of women in employment in 2017 is slightly smaller than the proportion of degrees obtained by women between 2000 and 2019 regardless of the degree and the engineering discipline. Women with a master’s degree are overrepresented in clerical and educational occupations and somewhat underrepresented in leadership and management positions. 
Women with doctoral degrees are underrepresented among the research and development managers and directors, but the under- or overrepresentation in other occupations varies between different disciplinary groupings. Another interesting difference between the holders of master’s and doctoral degrees relates to the educational occupations, where women with a doctoral degree are slightly or heavily underrepresented. This indicates that although women often end up in teaching, the most prestige positions—such as professorships—are relatively more often occupied by men.
AU  - Johanna Naukkarinen
AU  - Susanna Bairoh
AU  - Sanna Putila
CY  - Virtual Conference
DA  - 2021/07/26
PB  - ASEE Conferences
TI  - Gender Segregation in the Occupations of Finnish Engineers
UR  - https://peer.asee.org/37221
DO  - 10.18260/1-2--37221
ER  -