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Title of the Paper: Laboratory Implementation of a Small-Scale CAN-Based PM BLDC Motor Control for Automotive Accessory Electrification

Abstract

This paper presents laboratory development of a real-time controller for small Permanent Magnetic Brushless Direct Current (PM BLDC) motor using a Controller Area Network (CAN) communication scheme. The CAN communication bus transmits and receives information between modules to control the speed, acceleration/deceleration, and rotating direction of the motor. The laboratory consists of five major hardwares: single chip microcontroller, three module boards, PM BLDC motor, logic-input quad driver, and a power logic level gate driver. Microcontroller software is developed for eight major functions: controller initialization, service interrupt, switch, display, power converter, CAN communication, pulse width modulation control, and actual motor speed measurement. The motivation of this work is to enhance the students’ learning of the PM BLDC motor control and CAN system in a laboratory setting. This work is important because electric drivetrain, accessory electrification, and the CAN communication system are widely employed in the electric and hybrid electric vehicles.

Introduction

Electric drivetrain and electrically powered automotive subsystems are at the heart of the Electric Vehicle (EV) and Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV). The traction motor in the electric drivetrain is a major propulsion component for vehicle powertrain hybridization. Electrically powered automotive subsystems, such as hydraulic power steering, engine cooling system, etc., is essential to the EV and HEV because the EV has no engine and the HEV frequently has the engine turned off to conserve energy. For an instance, an electric air conditioning compressor (powered by the electric motor/battery instead of mechanical engine belts) allows air conditioning to function even when the engine shuts off during vehicle stops. Other examples of such applications include water pump, oil pump, fuel pump, air compressor, variable valve actuator, power steering pump, and many more. Motor control is important to deliver traction and auxiliary functions for the vehicles.

Electrically powered automotive accessories, instead of mechanically powered ones, allow the accessories to operate independently of the engine so they can perform at the precise speed, pressure, or flow rate required. Accessory electrification provides the following benefits: fuel savings, thermal load reductions, emission reductions, significant flexibility in placing components inside the engine compartment, and a great potential for enhancements1-4. Either using a traction motor to propel the vehicle or an electric motor (replacing the conventional belt- driven hydraulic pump/compressor) to delivery auxiliary functions requires a motor driver or a motor controller. Additionally, there are a large number of electric motors inside the conventional vehicle and this number is growing as more options are being incorporated5. Some examples of use of motors inside the vehicle are window rolling functions, wiper control, seat and mirror movements and others. Controllers are also needed for these motors.

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Liao, G., & Yeh, C., & Liao, Q. (2009, June), Laboratory Implementation Of A Small Scale Can Based Pm Bldc Motor Control For Automotive Accessory Electrification Paper presented at 2009 Annual Conference & Exposition, Austin, Texas. 10.18260/1-2--4740