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1 .—-. Session 2225

METHODS ALLOCATED TO DESIGN STAGES

W. Ernst Eder Royal Military College of Canada

Abstract

Engineering design takes place within a societal culture, a company. Designing involves finding the nature of the problem and what makes a solution acceptable, and then generates a solution. Designing is ended when the manufacturing and/or implementation instructions are completed. Designing can proceed either by abstracting, investigating and re-concretizing from an existing solution, or by treating the problem as novel.

The development stages of designing have been classified into clarif ying the task, conceptualizing, embodying, and detailing. These stages have been expanded and brought into a logical sequence, but theory- based procedures must be adapted to the particular problem situation,

Many methods have been proposed to help with parts of designing. Several published methods are named, and allocated to those design stages where they can be of benefit. Some of these methods have only recently been introduced under the title of “industry best practices.”

For best effect, methods should be one of the subjects of teaching in engineering curricula. Methods, reasonably and well applied, can enhance creativity.

Introduction

Engineering design takes place within a societal culture, and especially within a company. Its main purpose is to generate the details that should be manufactured, assembled, tested, and delivered in the form of a product, or providing instructions for implementing a process, to satisfy a perceived need. Such a process usually needs some ttechnical) products to help in its implementation -- and they have to be selected and/or designed. Designing involves generating an agreed statement about the nature of the problem, and the perfor- mance (values) that would make a solution acceptable. Designing then proceeds to generate such a solution in progressive stages, with iteration (go back, review, modify previous steps and their results) and recursive decomposition into smaller problems, which are themselves regarded as design problemsl.

Designing is normally considered to be ended when the manufacturing and/or implementation instructions for a solution are completed. A decision can then be made, usually by management, whether making or imple- menting should actually take place. The recent trend towards re-introducing considerations about simultaneous development of the product and its manufacturing methods, under the catch-phrase of concurrent engineering, does not invalidate this description.

During designing, all life processes that the product will pass through, and their operators must be consid- ered, and their needs fulfilled. The product must withstand all loads and conditions imposed on it during the life processes, i.e. whilst it is being made, assembled, tested ackaged, shipped, installed, used, and disposed of. The effects of the operators (humans, technical systems r tools), information, management, and the immediate environment) on the product must be considered, and they must normally also be protected from danger.

Designing can be divided into re-designing, where a prior product exists, and novel designing without ----

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Eder, W. E. (1996, June), Methods Allocated To Design Stages Paper presented at 1996 Annual Conference, Washington, District of Columbia. 10.18260/1-2--6189