Research & Development of a Decentralized Battery Management System for Modern Automobiles

Cyril B. Okhio; Theodore Orrin Grosch; Austin B. Asgill

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Conference: 2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Location: Baltimore , Maryland
Publication Date: June 25, 2023
Start Date: June 25, 2023
End Date: June 28, 2023
Conference Session: Learning through Instrumentation: Experiences and Applications
Tagged Division: Instrumentation Division (INST)
Page Count: 9
DOI: 10.18260/1-2--44111
Permanent URL: https://peer.asee.org/44111
Download Count: 401

Dr. Grosch earned his BSEE in 1982, MSEE in 1987, and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University in 1993. He have worked at Hughes Aircraft, General Electric, M.I.T. Lincoln Laboratory two start-ups. Dr. Grosch has taught at University of Maryland, University of Massachusetts, and is now an assistant Professor at Kennesaw State University.

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Austin B. Asgill P.E. Kennesaw State University

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Dr. Austin B. Asgill received his B.Eng.(hons) (E.E.) degree from Fourah Bay College, University of Sierra Leone, his M.Sc. (E.E.) degree from the University of Aston in Birmingham, and his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from the University of South Flor

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Abstract

As part of the Electrical & Computer Engineering (ECE) Curriculum, applied projects for senior students in their final year augments their education and training in research and research methods. It represents the centerpiece of the ECE curriculum's professional component and follows ABET guidelines as provided in its format. Without exception, all applied projects are team efforts. Teams must consist of between three (3) to five (5) members and the selection of a Team-Lead. Modern Lithium Battery systems require the use of a Battery Management System (BMS) to keep batteries in parallel connections, safe. These BMS sense Temperature T, Battery Voltage V, and State of Charge SoC for the user, then balances the cells to an equal voltage. Research and Development were conducted to modify the current standard of centralized BMS into a decentralized wireless D-BMS system to successfully meet industry requirement. In modern Electric Vehicle (EV) automotive applications, a BMS is a critical component in the design of modern battery systems. It usually requires the BMS to monitor Voltage, State of Charge (SOC), Temperature, charge, and discharge rates. Most BMS used today are centralized, which means all connections lead to a single location. This type of BMS has the advantage of being simple, inexpensive, and easy to source. However, with the race to create the most efficient electric vehicles, manufacturers are looking for new types of BMS Instrumentation topology termed ‘Decentralized Battery Management System D-BMS’. These D-BMS cut wiring down by not stringing wires all throughout the battery system, saving weight, complexity, and reducing points of failure. In this project, this was achieved by breaking up the BMS into several separate ‘child-units’ created by Infineon-device monitoring, one module at a time. An ESP-32, a Low-cost, Low-Power system-on-a-chip L-PSoC microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth, was used to turn the ISO-UART connection to the master board into a Wi-Fi connection. This conversion of connection type is the basis of what is now a wireless D-BMS, and all data was then transferred to a MATLAB script for data to be visualized and analyzed. As an instructional project, the D-BMS system incorporates knowledge of battery management, distributed computing, and wireless communication.

Citation
Format

Okhio, C. B., & Grosch, T. O., & Asgill, A. B. (2023, June), Research & Development of a Decentralized Battery Management System for Modern Automobiles Paper presented at 2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, Baltimore , Maryland. 10.18260/1-2--44111

TY - CPAPER
AB - As part of the Electrical &amp;amp; Computer Engineering (ECE) Curriculum, applied projects for senior students in their final year augments their education and training in research and research methods. It represents the centerpiece of the ECE curriculum&#39;s professional component and follows ABET guidelines as provided in its format. Without exception, all applied projects are team efforts. Teams must consist of between three (3) to five (5) members and the selection of a Team-Lead. Modern Lithium Battery systems require the use of a Battery Management System (BMS) to keep batteries in parallel connections, safe. These BMS sense Temperature T, Battery Voltage V, and State of Charge SoC for the user, then balances the cells to an equal voltage. Research and Development were conducted to modify the current standard of centralized BMS into a decentralized wireless D-BMS system to successfully meet industry requirement. In modern Electric Vehicle (EV) automotive applications, a BMS is a critical component in the design of modern battery systems. It usually requires the BMS to monitor Voltage, State of Charge (SOC), Temperature, charge, and discharge rates. Most BMS used today are centralized, which means all connections lead to a single location. This type of BMS has the advantage of being simple, inexpensive, and easy to source. However, with the race to create the most efficient electric vehicles, manufacturers are looking for new types of BMS Instrumentation topology termed ‘Decentralized Battery Management System D-BMS’. These D-BMS cut wiring down by not stringing wires all throughout the battery system, saving weight, complexity, and reducing points of failure. In this project, this was achieved by breaking up the BMS into several separate ‘child-units’ created by Infineon-device monitoring, one module at a time. An ESP-32, a Low-cost, Low-Power system-on-a-chip L-PSoC microcontroller with integrated Wi-Fi and dual-mode Bluetooth, was used to turn the ISO-UART connection to the master board into a Wi-Fi connection. This conversion of connection type is the basis of what is now a wireless D-BMS, and all data was then transferred to a MATLAB script for data to be visualized and analyzed. As an instructional project, the D-BMS system incorporates knowledge of battery management, distributed computing, and wireless communication.
AU - Cyril B. Okhio
AU - Theodore Orrin Grosch
AU - Austin B. Asgill P.E.
CY - Baltimore , Maryland
DA - 2023/06/25
PB - ASEE Conferences
TI - Research & Development of a Decentralized Battery Management System for Modern Automobiles
UR - https://peer.asee.org/44111
DO - 10.18260/1-2--44111
ER -