The Snowball Effect: Exploring the Influence of Changes in Academic Performance on Student Success in Co-enrolled Courses

Robert Matthew DeMonbrun; Michael Geoffrey Brown; Stephanie D. Teasley

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Conference: 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Location: Salt Lake City, Utah
Publication Date: June 23, 2018
Start Date: June 23, 2018
End Date: July 27, 2018
Conference Session: Practice I: Academic Success
Tagged Division: Educational Research and Methods
Tagged Topic: Diversity
Page Count: 12
DOI: 10.18260/1-2--31124
Permanent URL: https://peer.asee.org/31124
Download Count: 363

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Paper Authors

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Robert Matthew DeMonbrun University of Michigan

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Matt DeMonbrun is a Ph.D. Candidate at the Center for the Study of Higher and Postsecondary Education (CSHPE) in the School of Education at the University of Michigan. His research interests include college student development theory, intergroup interactions, and teaching and learning practices and how they relate to student learning outcomes in engineering education.

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Michael Geoffrey Brown Iowa State University

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Michael Brown is an assistant professor of Student Affairs and Higher Education at Iowa State University. Michael’s program of research centers on the role of technology in the experiences of undergraduate students. His current projects focus on large undergraduate science and engineering lecture courses exploring how students use digital study resources, how faculty and instructors design and plan for the use of digital technologies in the classroom , and, how data from digital study resources (e.g., learning analytics) can be used with other forms of data to understand student learning and performance and ultimately, to improve instructional practices.

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Stephanie D. Teasley University of Michigan

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Dr. Teasley is a Research Professor in the School of Information and the Director of the Learning Education & Design Lab (LED Lab) at the University of Michigan. She received her PhD in cognitive psychology from the University of Pittsburgh. Throughout her career, her work has focused on issues of collaboration and learning, looking specifically at how sociotechnical systems can be used to support effective collaborative processes and successful learning outcomes. She is the co-editor of the volume, Perspectives on Socially Shared Cognition, and co-author of several highly cited book chapters on collaborative learning. Her recent work has focused on assembling and utilizing institutionally-held student data to design and evaluate new ways to support student success. She has been a Program Chair for the Learning Analytics and Knowledge conference (LAK 14) and co-chairs the Learning Analytics Summer Institute (LASI 16 & 17). She became the President of the Society for Learning Analytics Research (SoLAR) in 2017.

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Abstract

This research paper presents findings from a study of the relationship among students’ ongoing academic performance and their co-enrollment in multiple courses during an academic semester. We focus on the potential hazards created by different patterns of concurrent enrollment. Specifically, we model the risk of students’ experiencing academic difficulty and their probability of recovering from academic difficulty given their week to week academic performance in their other coursework.

Our analysis uses weekly academic classifications in an early warning system (EWS) for students in an undergraduate engineering course at a research-intensive university in the Midwest. The EWS gives a weekly categorization of each student’s performance for each course, either “Encourage,” “Explore,” or “Engage,” based on various metrics including: gradebook data, students’ interaction with online course tools and materials, and students’ performances when compared to their peers in the course.

We acquired weekly academic classifications for all students enrolled in one computer engineering course during the Fall 2016 academic semester. Additionally, we collected data from all other courses in which these students were enrolled to examine the impact of experiencing academic difficulty on students’ academic success in their other courses during the semester. We used multilevel event history methods on students’ performance data from the EWS to answer the following research questions:

RQ1) Does experiencing academic difficulty in one course significantly increase students’ odds of experiencing academic difficulty in any of their other courses during the semester? RQ2) What is the likelihood of students’ recovery from academic difficulty (i.e., moving from an “explore” or “engage” status to an “encourage” status) in one course during the semester? Two courses? Three or more courses?

Initial findings indicate that students who experience academic difficulties in any of their courses are over two times more likely to also experience academic difficulty in at least one of their other enrolled courses. Additionally, the time that it takes to recover from their academic difficulty has a profound impact on the likelihood of recovery. For example, after the fourth week in the “explore” and “engage” models, students’ probability of exiting either of these classifications drops by approximately 50%. For those students who experience academic difficulties in two courses, their likelihood of recovery in both courses is approximately 30%. For those who experience academic difficulties in three or more courses, this percentage drops to less than 10%. Academic difficulty in one course often precedes a snowball effect, whereby students experience increased odds of academic difficulty across their courses and decreased odds of recovery. The full paper will expand upon the results found in this research study, discuss the rest of the analyses from our full statistical model, and suggest how analyses like these can help us understand the conditions for student recovery and provide personalized flags for intervention.

Citation
Format

DeMonbrun, R. M., & Brown, M. G., & Teasley, S. D. (2018, June), The Snowball Effect: Exploring the Influence of Changes in Academic Performance on Student Success in Co-enrolled Courses Paper presented at 2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition , Salt Lake City, Utah. 10.18260/1-2--31124

TY  - CPAPER
AB  - This research paper presents findings from a study of the relationship among students’ ongoing academic performance and their co-enrollment in multiple courses during an academic semester. We focus on the potential hazards created by different patterns of concurrent enrollment. Specifically, we model the risk of students’ experiencing academic difficulty and their probability of recovering from academic difficulty given their week to week academic performance in their other coursework. 

Our analysis uses weekly academic classifications in an early warning system (EWS) for students in an undergraduate engineering course at a research-intensive university in the Midwest. The EWS gives a weekly categorization of each student’s performance for each course, either “Encourage,” “Explore,” or “Engage,” based on various metrics including: gradebook data, students’ interaction with online course tools and materials, and students’ performances when compared to their peers in the course. 

We acquired weekly academic classifications for all students enrolled in one computer engineering course during the Fall 2016 academic semester. Additionally, we collected data from all other courses in which these students were enrolled to examine the impact of experiencing academic difficulty on students’ academic success in their other courses during the semester. We used multilevel event history methods on students’ performance data from the EWS to answer the following research questions:

RQ1)	Does experiencing academic difficulty in one course significantly increase students’ odds of experiencing academic difficulty in any of their other courses during the semester?
RQ2)	What is the likelihood of students’ recovery from academic difficulty (i.e., moving from an “explore” or “engage” status to an “encourage” status) in one course during the semester? Two courses? Three or more courses?

Initial findings indicate that students who experience academic difficulties in any of their courses are over two times more likely to also experience academic difficulty in at least one of their other enrolled courses. Additionally, the time that it takes to recover from their academic difficulty has a profound impact on the likelihood of recovery. For example, after the fourth week in the “explore” and “engage” models, students’ probability of exiting either of these classifications drops by approximately 50%. For those students who experience academic difficulties in two courses, their likelihood of recovery in both courses is approximately 30%. For those who experience academic difficulties in three or more courses, this percentage drops to less than 10%. Academic difficulty in one course often precedes a snowball effect, whereby students experience increased odds of academic difficulty across their courses and decreased odds of recovery. The full paper will expand upon the results found in this research study, discuss the rest of the analyses from our full statistical model, and suggest how analyses like these can help us understand the conditions for student recovery and provide personalized flags for intervention.

AU  - Robert Matthew DeMonbrun
AU  - Michael Geoffrey Brown
AU  - Stephanie D. Teasley
CY  - Salt Lake City, Utah
DA  - 2018/06/23
PB  - ASEE Conferences
TI  - The Snowball Effect: Exploring the Influence of Changes in Academic Performance on Student Success in Co-enrolled Courses
UR  - https://peer.asee.org/31124
DO  - 10.18260/1-2--31124
ER  -