Carr, M. A., & Cowart, J. (2012, June), Thermodynamic Modeling of 18th Century Steam Engines  Paper presented at 2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, San Antonio, Texas. 10.18260/1-2--22114

\bibitem{asee_peer_22114}
  Carr, M. A., \& Cowart, J. (2012, June), \emph{Thermodynamic Modeling of 18th Century Steam Engines}
  Paper presented at 2012 ASEE Annual Conference \& Exposition, San Antonio, Texas.
  10.18260/1-2--22114

Matthew A. Carr and Jim Cowart.  "Thermodynamic Modeling of 18th Century Steam Engines".  2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition, San Antonio, Texas, 2012, June.  ASEE Conferences, 2012.  https://peer.asee.org/22114 Internet.  11 Jul, 2024

\bibitem{asee_peer_22114}
  Matthew A. Carr and Jim Cowart.
  "Thermodynamic Modeling of 18th Century Steam Engines".
  \emph{2012 ASEE Annual Conference \& Exposition, San Antonio, Texas, 2012, June}.
  ASEE Conferences, 2012.
  https://peer.asee.org/22114 Internet.  11 Jul, 2024

@INPROCEEDINGS{asee_peer_22114
author = "Matthew A. Carr and Jim Cowart"
title = "Thermodynamic Modeling of 18th Century Steam Engines"
booktitle = "2012 ASEE Annual Conference \& Exposition"
year = "2012"
month = "June"
address = "San Antonio, Texas"
publisher = "ASEE Conferences"
note = {https://peer.asee.org/22114}
number = {10.18260/1-2--22114}
}

TY  - CPAPER
AB  -             Thermodynamic Modeling of 18th Century Steam EnginesDevelopments of steam engine technology during the 18th Century set the stage for the IndustrialRevolution. The major inventors were Thomas Newcomen and James Watt, with others, such asHenry Beighton, John Smeaton, and John Wilkinson, making significant contributions towardimproving steam engine technology.The first Newcomen steam engine was built in 1712 and celebrates its 300th anniversary thisyear. Newcomen’s “atmospheric” engine exposed the top of its piston to atmospheric pressureand created a vacuum inside the cylinder by injecting water into steam vapor in a spraycondensation process. The net force thus created across the piston operated a reciprocating pumpin a single acting mechanism. James Watt’s developments, in addition to moving the condensingfunction into a separate chamber and providing for a steam blanket around the working cylinderto minimize losses due to condensation in the working cylinder, also developed the configurationfor double acting and expansive use of steam. While Watt eschewed the idea of using steampressure above a few pounds per square inch due to boiler safety concerns, his mechanicaldevelopments provided the starting point for subsequent inventors to pursue these power andefficiency enhancements.This paper provides authentic design and operating data collected from historical documents andillustrates thermodynamic analyses of early engines using modern techniques. Today’s studentsshould be aware of these significant historical developments as part of their engineeringeducation. The types of analyses included in the paper allow for relatively easy integration intoexisting thermo-fluids courses and, at the same time, allow for development of an appreciationfor the history of steam engineering and its contribution to the engineering profession.
AU  - Matthew A. Carr
AU  - Jim Cowart
CY  - San Antonio, Texas
DA  - 2012/06/10
PB  - ASEE Conferences
TI  - Thermodynamic Modeling of 18th Century Steam Engines
UR  - https://peer.asee.org/22114
DO  - 10.18260/1-2--22114
ER  -