Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nadiye O. Erdil, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

identifyingopportunities and creating value -the key elements of an entrepreneurial mindset- are now otherhighly valued qualities that employers want to see. Therefore, EM is gaining attraction inengineering education. Literature provides many examples of institution wide efforts aim topromote EM. These efforts are important and necessary in brining attention to EM and exposingstudents to diverse EM experiences. It is equally important to foster EML in individual courses,as EM is not an add-on but rather a way of practicing engineering that addresses the needs ofpeople and society. Hence it should be built into the curriculum. This paper presents a case studythat aims to integrate EM into a junior level engineering statistics course. Statistics is typically

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shelly Gulati, University of the Pacific; Mehdi Khazaeli, University of the Pacific; Jeremy S. Hanlon, University of the Pacific

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

indicating increased agreement that risk taking hinders achievement (p =0.023). This combination of responses may reflect a better understanding of the challenge andrisk to be innovative and entrepreneurial following their work on the biomimicry project. Thishighlights the importance to underscore with students that creativity involves risk taking [16] andto encourage them to frame risk taking as an opportunity not a threat [17]. This is one of theirfirst courses in bioengineering and these concepts can be revisited throughout the curriculum toconnect risk taking with growing an entrepreneurial mindset.Interestingly, some survey results indicate that even at the start of the project there was alreadyagreement by both cohorts on the value of

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephanie M. Gillespie, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, helping students to make connections, and ultimatelyfinding ways to create value through engineering. Multiple attempts at infusing EM have beenexplored and developed throughout recent years, including into first year engineering programs,capstone courses, elective courses, and other core technical courses. However, much of theshared faculty-examples of the new EM-infused content involves adding or revising an existingterm project, or revision of an entire course completely. These large time-investments in EM canbe effective, but faculty may be hesitant to alter their courses so substantially. By identifyingsingle-class opportunities to integrate pedagogically-sound practices that meet both EM andABET outcomes, faculty can excite their students

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephanie M. Gillespie, University of New Haven; Onyinyechi Nwadiuto Agu, University of New Haven; Erica Maggiore, University of New Haven

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

did not use the makerspace (nor were they expected to,as it was not integrated into their curriculum or advertised to students from the course, thoughopen to all on campus).Figure 2: Examples of student prototype (a mobile, foldable temporary bridge, made in themakerspace using the 3D printer and lasercutter, and a self-help driver’s license renewalcenter, made using the 3D printer, rapid prototyping, and Arduino software).5. Discussion5.1 Comparing student outcomes from the makerspace project to the business courseOur first research question aimed to determine how integration of a makerspace-infused, client-focused design project contribute to the development of an entrepreneurial mindset compared tooutcomes learned in an introduction to

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alexandra Mary Jackson, Rowan University; Samantha Resnick, Rowan University; Rebecca Hansson, Rowan University; Cheryl A. Bodnar, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Chemical Engineering. Samantha aspires to work in the cosmetics industry creating products.Ms. Rebecca Hansson, Rowan University I am involved in an engineering clinic at my school that is working on a paper for this.Dr. Cheryl A. Bodnar, Rowan University Dr. Bodnar is an Associate Professor in the Experiential Engineering Education Department at Rowan University. Her research interests relate to the incorporation of active learning techniques such as game- based learning in undergraduate classes as well as integration of innovation and entrepreneurship into the engineering curriculum. In particular, she is interested in the impact that these tools can have on stu- dent perception of the classroom environment

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Peter Golding P.E., University of Texas at El Paso; Scott A. Starks P.E., University of Texas at El Paso; Roger V. Gonzalez P.E., University of Texas at El Paso; Meagan R. Kendall, University of Texas at El Paso; David G. Novick, University of Texas at El Paso; Cole Hatfield Joslyn, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

240 hours ofpracticum, were formed to support practice-based, professional community service beyond thetraditional classroom experiences.Innovation and Entrepreneurship Courses Fostering entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial thinking in students is integral to theprogram's culture and is highlighted as an essential part of the curriculum in our UTEP catalog.We are currently considering a curricular revision to provide a more holistic approach tointegrating entrepreneurial thinking throughout the curriculum. As a result, we expect to havemore opportunities to assess the related competencies critical for developing entrepreneurism inour students. Figure 1. The main engineering design stream courses in the program

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Tim Dallas P.E., Texas Tech University; Heather Greenhalgh-Spencer, Texas Tech University; Kelli M. Frias, American University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

engineering entrepreneurs, participated in a 3-day start-up weekend hosted by theuniversity’s Innovation Hub, attended engineering job fairs and two semesters of project-focusedseminars, and read entrepreneurial and/or leadership-related books. This included reading booksand providing oral reports of prominent entrepreneurs across various domains (to supplementdiscussions held during synchronous seminars). The students also met with mentors on a regularbasis. Furthermore, they engaged in intrapreneurial-focused curriculum activities that weredesigned to increase understanding of and engagement with intrapreneurship.Program component details:• Faculty mentorship: Students chose an Electrical and Computer Engineering faculty mentor. The student

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Erin A. Henslee, Wake Forest University; Lauren Lowman, Wake Forest University; Michael D. Gross, Wake Forest University; Anita K. McCauley, Wake Forest University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Tech, her MS degree in Biomedical Engineering from the joint program between Virginia Tech and Wake Forest University, and her PhD in Biomedical Engineering from the University of Surrey.Dr. Lauren Lowman, Wake Forest University Lauren Lowman is a Founding Faculty member and an Assistant Professor in the Engineering Depart- ment at Wake Forest University and has served in this role since 2018. In this role, she has developed new interdisciplinary curriculum that bridges engineering fields and reflects the Wake Forest University motto of Pro Humanitate (”For Humanity”). Lauren received a Ph.D. and M.S. in Civil and Environ- mental Engineering with a focus in Hydrology and Fluid Dynamics from Duke University, and a B.A

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Douglas E. Melton, Kern Entrepreneurial Engineering Network; Heather Dillon, University of Washington Tacoma; Mark L. Nagurka, Marquette University; Mary Murphy

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

] L. Bosman and S. Fernhaber, Teaching the entrepreneurial mindset to engineers. Springer International Publishing, 2017.[2] H. E. Dillon, L. Hamilton Mayled, M. L. Nagurka, M. I. Carnasciali, and D. E. Melton, “Intercollegiate Coaching in a Faculty Professional Development Program that Integrates Pedagogical Best Practices and the Entrepreneurial Mindset Intercollegiate Coaching in a Faculty Professional Development Program that Integrates Pedagogical Best Pract,” 2020.[3] C. Vest, “Open Content and the Emerging Global Meta-University,” EDUCAUSE Review, 2006.[4] W. J. Frey, H. D. Sánchez, and J. Cruz-Cruz, “Ethics Across The Curriculum: An Effective Response To Abet 2000,” in 2002 Annual Conference

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Stephanie Cutler, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas A. Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

). Integrating innovation and entrepreneurship principles into the civil engineering curriculum. Journal of Professional Issues in Engineering Education and Practice. 141(3): 1-8.13. KEEN (Retrieved 2/9/2021). Engineering Unleashed. https://engineeringunleashed.com/mindset.14. Zappe, S. E. (2018). Avoiding construct confusion: An attribute-focused approach to assessing entrepreneurial mindset. Advances in Engineering Education, 7(1), 1-12.15. Zappe, S. E., Cutler, S. C., & Gase, L. (Submitted, 2021). A Systematic Review of the Impacts of Entrepreneurial Service Programs in STEM Fields. Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy.16. Rayess, N. E. (2016). Instilling an Entrepreneurial Engineering

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Julia M. Williams, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; William A. Kline, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

, Chem-E-Car, or Design-Build-Fly. Many competitions are sponsoredby professional technical societies, such as the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, or byindustry, such as the Shell Eco-Marathon. As Bland et al. have observed, based on their researchwith students who participate on engineering competition teams, “engineering competitions mayact as a catalyst for students to learn how to integrate technical and professional skills andknowledge in their development as an engineer.” [2] In addition, engineering students’involvement in activities outside of the classroom, such as student competition teams, contributesto their achievement of numerous other outcomes; according to Simmons et al., engagement withthese activities enhances

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jocelyn L. Jackson, University of Michigan; Aileen Huang-Saad, Northeastern University; Joi-lynn Mondisa, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

]. Purpose & Research QuestionAlthough past research has been conducted integrating intersectionality theory into research inSTEM disciplines and entrepreneurship respectfully, there is a gap in how experiences of raciallyminoritized populations in STEM entrepreneurship are studied. The goal of this study is tohighlight the importance of using intersectionality to examine the experiences of raciallyminoritized populations in STEM entrepreneurship. We seek to explore the following question:How are the experiences of racially minoritized populations in STEM entrepreneurship studied?In the following sections, we summarize how racially minoritized experiences in STEMentrepreneurship are studied, provide an overview of the frameworks being in

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

J. Chris Carroll, Saint Louis University; Kelsey Z. Musa, Saint Louis University; Shannon M. Sipes, Indiana University, Bloomington; Scott A. Sell, Saint Louis University; Michelle B. Sabick, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

individual consultations to faculty on areas related to their own teaching and to student learning. Prior to her current role, she has applied her interests in a STEM learning environment and taught a variety of psychology courses to both undergraduate and graduate students in face-to-face, hybrid, and online formats. Shannon earned a BS in psychology, a MA in experimental psychology, and a Ph.D. in curriculum & instruction with a focus in higher education.Dr. Scott A. Sell, Saint Louis University Scott A. Sell, Ph.D. is currently an Associate Professor and the Biomedical Engineering Program Coor- dinator in Parks College of Engineering, Aviation, and Technology at Saint Louis University. Prior to joining

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Julia A. Scott, Santa Clara University; Evangelia Bouzos, Santa Clara University; Matthew Philip Hendricks, Santa Clara University; Prashanth Asuri, Santa Clara University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

ofemphasis available to students of all academic majors. Students may take courses (eitherindividually or as a cluster to promote integrative and intentional learning) that teach designthinking methods or apply design thinking in project-based learning. The University has recentlyestablished the Ciocca Center for Innovation and Entrepreneurship which, through variousfunctions, supports the development of an entrepreneurial mindset and facilitates studentventures. Within the School of Engineering, all students must complete a senior design project,in which student teams develop a solution to a specific problem statement and present anddefend their thesis at the end of the academic year, as a part of the curriculum. Additionally,engineering students

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Heydi L. Dominguez, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Vibhavari Vempala, University of Michigan; Prateek Shekhar, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Aileen Huang-Saad, Northeastern University; Jacob Frederick Fuher, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

bring entrepreneurialtraining into higher education settings. In 2011, NSF set in motion the National Center forEngineering Pathways to Innovation and I-Corps Program to implement entrepreneurshiptraining in students and faculty. More than 130 institutions have integrated the EpicenterProgram and exposed more than 450 students to entrepreneurship training through the UniversityInnovation Fellows [6]. Overall, these courses [1] and university level [6] programs report thatentrepreneurship education programs have a positive impact in improving attitudes towards self-employment amongst engineers.Smaller-sized firms are also evolving and creating employment opportunities for entrepreneursin engineering. Engineers who develop an entrepreneurial

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Claudia Paz Gwynn, Universidad Andres Bello; Genaro Zavala, Tecnologico de Monterrey; Universidad Andres Bello

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

universityeducation tends towards an integral formation, where teachers take a role as process facilitators,adapting strategies to students' needs. In this approach, all actors are relevant since theycontribute with ideas, reflections, and feedback en-route to a shared learning experience;therefore, everybody learns continuously, which allows us to develop continuous improvementsand apply what we teach. Here lies the value of feedback provided by each student.As can be seen in figure 5, the Questionnaire proposes seven areas to evaluate by students. Thetotal of responses was 817, the rate of responses with comments: 23.75%. The results of thisevaluation are as follows. Figure 6. Item: The facilitator created an atmosphere of trust.Given the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Meg West, Ohio State University; Meagan Eleanor Ita, Ohio State University; Laine Rumreich, Ohio State University; Rachel Louis Kajfez, Ohio State University; Krista M. Kecskemety, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Pennsylvania in 2020. Meagan conducted research on the biomechanics and physiology of chronic pain for her doctorate degree and has experience teaching undergraduate first-year engineering and mid-level biomechanics courses. Meagan is currently working with the KEEN partnership at OSU, integrating her interests in STEM edu- cation, entrepreneurial partnerships, and community engagement. Meagan values authenticity, connection with others, & integrity and prioritizes these values as an educator, bioengineer, and scientist.Laine Rumreich, Ohio State University Laine Rumreich is a graduate student studying Computer Science and Engineering at The Ohio State University. She completed her undergraduate research thesis in the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Vibhavari Vempala, University of Michigan; Jacob Frederick Fuher, University of Michigan; Heydi L. Dominguez, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Jeremiah Ogunbunmi, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Aileen Huang-Saad, Northeastern University; Prateek Shekhar, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

. Engineering entrepreneurshipeducation is seen as a means to develop entrepreneurial mindset and skills that are essential for asuccessful professional life. In an effort to integrate entrepreneurship education into an alreadydense curriculum, universities and colleges offer a range of entrepreneurship programming fromindividual classes, certificate programs, and minors and or majors. With these various options,students have several different pathways to entrepreneurship education. However, research hasshown that student demographics influence their participation in entrepreneurship programming.Further, self-efficacy, which is the belief in one’s ability, is seen as a key characteristicmotivating intent and activity. To continue to understand the

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Enrique Alvarez Vazquez, North Dakota State University; Ryan Striker P.E., North Dakota State University; Lauren Singelmann, North Dakota State University; Mary Pearson, North Dakota State University; Ellen M. Swartz, North Dakota State University; Stanley Shie Ng, Biola University; Dan Ewert, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

of the 21st century," IEEE Engineering Management Review, vol. 37, no. 1. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., p. 38, 2009, doi: 10.1109/EMR.2009.4804347.[2] D. H. Cropley, "Promoting creativity and innovation in engineering education," Psychol. Aesthetics, Creat. Arts, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 161–171, May 2015, doi: 10.1037/aca0000008.[3] "Creating a Culture for Scholarly and Systematic Innovation in Engineering Education American Society for Engineering Education." https://www.asee.org/member- resources/reports/CCSSIE (accessed Feb. 26, 2021).[4] F. O. Soares, M. J. Sepúlveda, S. Monteiro, R. M. Lima, and J. Dinis-Carvalho, "An integrated project of

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sandra Furnbach Clavijo PE P.E., Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science); Kishore Pochiraju, Stevens Institute of Technology (School of Engineering and Science)

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

presentations, posters, andtechnical reports and are touched upon and developed over many courses throughout anengineering curriculum. An elevator pitch is an additional way to teach students effectivecommunication. Some universities have adopted the "delivering an elevator pitch module"module developed by the University of New Haven-based on the KEEN framework [9] [10] andhave placed it in intro classes, technical classes, or in senior design like the University ofCincinnati [11]. Other universities integrate a pitch competition into a senior design course, likeat Stevens and Calvin College ([12] [1]) or with a business plan competition, like Grove CityCollege [3].The Elevator Pitch Competition before the PandemicThe authors have previously detailed

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Thomas M. Katona, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ; Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Noa Dunevich, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo ; Lauren Gase, VentureWell

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

begins to be more relatable for a larger percentage ofstudents experiencing university entrepreneurship curriculum and programming and is morebroadly applicable in engineering education when thinking about levels of failure in a project orproduct development. When speaking about entrepreneurial failure in the university context,however, an even larger body of work speaks about failure without providing a concretedefinition (Korach & Gargach, 2019; Li et al., 2019; Hirschfield, Huang-Saad & Libarkin, 2017;Jamison IV, D, 2017) or implicitly define it as the inability to properly accomplish a given taskon the first try (Davis & Beyette Jr., 2017; Shooter & Orsborn, 2013).Given the large range of contexts and definitions of failure

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Barbara A. Karanian, Stanford University; Ville M. Taajamaa, City of Espoo; Mona Eskandari, University of California, Riverside

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

to return. The different meanings culturesassign to emotion inform varied responses to beginning entrepreneurial work in and beyond thevirtual classroom [40].Student stories in our study revealed little pleasurable engagement in the virtual classroom.Regardless of the excitement and hope for happier times with an in-person classroom, studentstories predict an adjustment period: “Everyone is shy and nervous about meeting each otherafter the pandemic. Many are still wearing masks.” Similar to recovery from post-traumaticstress disorder (PTSD), the uncertainties associated with the pandemic makes integrating atrauma into one’s identity difficult [41]. Thus, students and faculty working together in classesand on innovative projects, may need

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship and Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ajay P. Malshe, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Salil T. Bapat, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

in basic humanneeds. Additionally, it is important to implement these innovations through social entrepreneurship andleadership efforts for achieving the desired societal impact. To apply the above principles effectively,students (especially the Gen-Z students) need to have a skill set in understanding the role of engineeringinnovations in a globalized society with an attitude of leadership to serve society [16], which was themotivation behind this class. Selected successful social innovations across the world were studiedthrough the lens of fundamental science and engineering along with the societal impact. At the sametime, students also reflected on how the innovators applied/integrated leadership skills/approacheswith social

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrea T. Kwaczala, Western New England University; Robert Gettens, Western New England University; Denine A Northrup, Western New England University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

engineering programs as a strength of their curriculum but is often not assessed for itsefficacy in teaching transferable skills. More work is needed to determine the connection between high-impact practices in the design classroom with direct evidence of students’ demonstrated learning [6]. Thisresearch aims to evaluate engineering self-efficacy in students who conducted rapid prototyping in designclassrooms. The assessment of engineering self-efficacy can help elucidate concepts of confidence intechnical skills, motivation, and mindset towards building activities.There are several different ways to introduce rapid prototyping into an engineering design classroom.Depending on the type of engineering being taught (e.g. electrical, mechanical or

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Division Technical Session 7

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rodney Boehm, Texas A&M University College of Engineering; Michael Beyerlein, Texas A&M University; Kiersten Potter, Student Engineers' Council; Jiacheng Lu; Lori L. Moore, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Paper ID #33391A Virtual Internship ExperienceMr. Rodney Boehm, Texas A&M University College of Engineering Rodney Boehm is the Director of Engineering Entrepreneurship and an Associate Professor of Practice in the Texas A&M University College of Engineering. He has broad industry experiences, including over 35 years in all aspects of the telecommunications industry (sales, marketing, manufacturing, business de- velopment, and technical design), the creation of a telecommunications standard (SONET - Synchronous Optical Network) for the fiber optics industry that is still in use internationally over 30 years