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Displaying results 571 - 600 of 601 in total
Conference Session
International and Sustainability Perspectives and Women in Engineering
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado-Boulder
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
2006-1221: ATTRACTING WOMEN TO ENGINEERING THAT SERVESDEVELOPING COMMUNITIESAngela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado-Boulder Dr. Bielefeldt is an Associate Professor and a licensed P.E. in the State of Colorado. She teaches Civil and Environmental Engineering courses for freshman, seniors, and graduate students on topics including design, hazardous waste management, solid waste management, and bioremediation. She is a co-faculty advisor for the Engineers Without Borders student chapter at the University of Colorado at Boulder (CU). Prof. Bielefeldt is working with other faculty at CU to start a new emphasis in Engineering for Developing Communities at both the graduate and
Conference Session
New Topics in Engineering Economics
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Charles Nippert, Widener University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Economy
cheating6 Using a computer/laptop during in-class tests 4.2 0.0 4.2 54.2 37.5 makes the tests more like engineering practice.7 Allowing students to use laptops during tests 4.2 16.7 45.8 25.0 8.3 favors students who can afford them8 The use of computers during tests should be 4.2 0.0 8.3 62.5 25.0 allowed when the tests take place in a computer laboratory.9 The use of laptops during tests should be allowed 8.3 12.5 8.3 50.0 20.8 when the tests take place in a regular classroom.N= 25Additional statistical information can be obtained by using a chi square test to compare responsesto pairs of questions. The chi
Conference Session
Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research in ET
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Scott Schneider, University of Dayton
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
undergraduate research activities.The credits earned in these courses count as technical elective credits. In the EngineeringTechnology Department, SET 398 course entitled “Research and Innovation Laboratory”provides students a meaningful experience with engineering research and related activities.SET398 allows students to participate in the selection and design of technology, theinvestigation, collection and analysis of data and the presentation of research material. Withinthe course description, research can include, but is not limited to, developing an experiment,collecting and analyzing data, surveying and evaluating literature, developing new tools andtechniques including software, and surveying, brainstorming and evaluating engineeringsolutions
Conference Session
IP and Supporting Student Startups
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Martin High, Oklahoma State University; Paul Rossler, Oklahoma State University; Karen High, Oklahoma State University
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
are Sustainable Process Design, Industrial Catalysis, and Multicriteria Decision Making. Other scholarly activities include enhancing creativity in engineering practice and teaching science to education students and professionals. Page 11.807.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 Intellectual Property and Entrepreneurship Programs: How to Hold onto Your Wallet as You Transfer TechnologyAbstract Entrepreneurship programs present wonderful opportunities to allow students to practiceengineering in an exciting and challenging environment. One of the challenges that students
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Industrial Technology
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Sorraya Khiewnavawongsa, Purdue University; Edie Schmidt, Purdue University; Kathryne Newton, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
. Courses included in mathematics and sciences core are mathematics, algebra,calculus, statistics, physics, chemistry, laboratory, and etc.Courses included in distribution and technology core are courses that are directly related to theindustrial distribution career such as purchasing, inventory control, warehouse management,supply chain management, transportation, logistics, process control, and etc. However, severalcourses are not directly to the distribution but included in this category to make students familiar,get more understand in industrial process such as material, fluid systems, and safety in industry.Some are related to computer and information technology applications such as databasemanagement, information system, and computer
Conference Session
Innovative Curriculum & non-Technical Skills
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ahmed Khan, DeVry University-Addison; Barbara Eichler, DeVry University; John Morello, DeVry University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
, theirpower and impact will be ubiquitous and must be addressed for sustainability, economicand cultural equity, and green and ethical engineering. Applying the foundations ofethics to new technological challenges brings to engineering reality the importance andrelevance of the inclusion of such sustainability and ethical principles.The STS course at DeVry is a required capstone course to all of our students in all of ourcurricula with special emphasis in all fields on the appropriate design and implications oftechnologies so that responsible technological insight is achieved. Using nanotechnologyas an urgent example for responsible decision making, a number of teaching and learningtools are used including: cultural field studies, case studies
Conference Session
Incorporating Projects into the Curriculum
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joshua Vaughan, Georgia Institute of Technology; William Singhose, Georgia Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
Technology. He received a Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. His primary research interests are spacecraft control, sway reduction in cranes, control of flexible structures, and active seat technology. Page 11.230.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 ARLISS: A Multidisciplinary Extracurricular Design Project for UndergraduatesAbstractDesign projects that require students to build working prototypes are an invaluable sup-plement to traditional lectures and laboratory exercises. Additionally, allowing students toparticipate in challenging design projects outside of any
Conference Session
Learning from Entrepreneurship Programs
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Arnold Lumsdaine, University of Tennessee; Frank Speckhart, University of Tennessee-Knoxville; Geoff Robson, Technology 2020; Kenneth Kahn, University of Tennessee-Knoxville; Majid Keyhani, University of Tennessee-Knoxville; Dan Fant, University of Tennessee-Knoxville; Rapinder Sawhney, University of Tennessee-Knoxville
Tagged Divisions
Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation
it teaches the students how to succeed in life and preparesthem for lucrative careers in the technological-business arena. Some of the key qualities forsuccess in the program include: making good judgment, taking the initiative, being a self-starter,having good work habits, having a good attitude, being able to work effectively with people in agroup environment, and developing sound technical, economic, and communication skills.Curriculum HighlightsThe combined MS-MBA degree program consists of 60 total credit hours over a 23 month periodon the UT campus. The curriculum split is defined to be 44 hours (17 months for a full-timeMBA student) in the College of Business Administration and 30 hours in the College ofEngineering (12-18 months for a
Conference Session
MIND Education Trends
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Eric Asa, North Dakota State University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
. This is especially true for AfricanAmericans and Hispanics who constitute a significant proportion of the US population. Whitesconstituted about 76% of undergraduate engineering students in 1990 and 68% in 2002. Theenrollment of blacks in undergraduate engineering programs actually decreased from 7.0% in1995 to 6.3% in 2002. Various innovative approaches have been employed by colleges, schools,government establishments, National Science Foundation and minority interest groups to attractminorities to engineering programs. However the retention rate of minorities in engineeringprograms is about on-third, compared to two-thirds for non-minority groups. Some educatorshave argued that teaching methods used by engineering programs should even be
Conference Session
Achieving the Civil Engineering Body of Knowlegde
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy; Allen Estes, U.S. Military Academy; Fred Meyer, U.S. Military Academy
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
planned along the way.The charge of the Curriculum Committee is to coordinate the development of new undergraduateand graduate curricula that are compatible with the BOK.5 This includes finding existingcurricula that already contain elements supportive of the BOK and share what is learned. Theapproach is to find a diverse range of universities that are willing to serve as design partners anddevelop model curricula that both incorporate the BOK and meet the needs of all universitieswhether they are public or private, large or small, research-focused or teaching-focused. To date,18 universities ranging from Bucknell and Norwich to Penn State and the University of Nebraskahave volunteered to participate. The committee formed in August 2003 and is
Conference Session
TC2K Methods and Models
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel Johnson, Rochester Institute of Technology; Robert Merrill, Rochester Institute of Technology; James Scudder, Rochester Institute of Technology; John Stratton, Rochester Institute of Technology; George Sutherland, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
wellas input from faculty and the MET IAB.L “Competence in the use of the computer as a problem solving and communications tool” was added mostly due to faculty input with concurrence from the MET IAB because it is a program emphasis and is assumed to be a strength of graduates in the current industrial environment.M “The ability to apply project management techniques to the completion of laboratory and project assignments” was added based on the survey results.N “Knowledge of and the ability to apply codes and regulations, and produce proper documentation to comply with them” was added for two reasons. First, the faculty and IAB felt that knowledge of codes and regulations was important in industry today. The second part was added based
Conference Session
Design Projects
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Gershenson, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
2006-2472: HOW TO ENGINEER A WINNING COMPETITION PROJECT:LESSONS LEARNED FROM THE HUMAN POWERED VEHICLE CHALLENGEJohn Gershenson, Michigan Technological University Dr. Gershenson is an associate professor of Mechanical Engineering – Engineering Mechanics at Michigan Technological University in Houghton, Michigan and directs the Life-cycle Engineering Laboratory. Professor Gershenson performs research in the areas of life-cycle product architecture and lean and sustainable design and manufacturing. Specific research interests include: product and process architecture, product platforms, modular product design, lean manufacturing, lean engineering, life-cycle design, and design for the environment
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Richard Drushel, Case Western Reserve University; John Gallagher, Wright State University
light of our prior experience teachingsimilar robotics practica both remotely (using our WWW infrastructure) and in a traditional in-person laboratory setting. We compare and contrast examples of student work, including criteriafor richness of interpersonal interaction, quality of engineered artifacts, and overall quality ofstudent documentation and journals. We conclude with concrete suggestions to further improveonline practicum courses in general, as well as a plan to test these suggestions in future offeringsof our own online robotics practicum.1. IntroductionFormal knowledge-based classroom instruction is necessary for the education of engineers.However, engineering education also requires practicum components in which students
Conference Session
Design Methods and Concepts
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Cari Bryant, University of Missouri-Rolla; Eric Pieper, University of Missouri-Rolla; Brandon Walther, University of Texas-Austin; Tolga Kurtoglu, University of Texas-Austin; Robert Stone, University of Missouri-Rolla; Daniel McAdams, University of Missouri-Rolla; Matthew Campbell, University of Texas-Austin
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
2006-1758: SOFTWARE EVALUATION OF AN AUTOMATED CONCEPTGENERATOR DESIGN TOOLCari Bryant, University of Missouri-Rolla CARI BRYANT is a Ph.D. student at The University of Missouri-Rolla, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. The objective of her research is to develop design methods and tools that build on existing design knowledge to support the design process, specifically during the concept generation phase of product development. In 2003 Cari received a M.S. degree in mechanical engineering and an M.S. degree in biomedical engineering from the University of Michigan while doing research in the University of Michigan Orthopaedic Research Laboratories. Contact: crb5ea
Conference Session
Multidisciplinary Course Innovation
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Baca, University of Missouri-Rolla; Steve Watkins, University of Missouri-Rolla; Ray Luechtefeld, University of Missouri-Rolla
Tagged Divisions
Multidisciplinary Engineering
2006-1136: PATTERNS IN TEAM COMMUNICATION DURING A SIMULATIONGAMEDavid Baca, University of Missouri-Rolla DAVID M. BACA received his B.S.. from the University of Missouri – Rolla in Architectural Engineering in 2005. He is currently a graduate student in Engineering Management at UMR. His research interests include organization change and transformation.Steve Watkins, University of Missouri-Rolla STEVE E. WATKINS received his Ph.D. from the University of Texas - Austin in Electrical Engineering in 1989. He holds an M.S.E.E. and a B.S.E.E. from University of Missouri-Rolla. He is currently a Professor at UMR and Director of the Applied Optics Laboratory. His research interests include optical
Conference Session
Moral Development, Engineering Pedagogy and Ethics Instruction
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kirsty Mills, University of New Mexico
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
semiconductor device fabrication, now focus on the societal and ethical implications of nanotechnology and other emerging technologies. In response to the increasing need for interdisciplinary function, she initiated and leads the University of New Mexico's 'Science and Society Dialogue' project, embraced by a wide range of University departments, schools and institutes. As well as teaching engineering ethics, Dr. Mills offers seminars and workshops to a range of stakeholder groups. Page 11.48.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 A Graduate Level Ethics Course
Conference Session
Women Faculty Issues and NSF's ADVANCE program
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Catherine Pieronek, University of Notre Dame
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
alternative teaching methods might favor women’s learningstyles over men’s. Even if it did decide to offer a separate class targeted toward women,however, under no circumstances could an educational institution either require women to enrollin that class or exclude men from that alternative learning opportunity.Several recent court cases provide additional examples of conduct in the academic environmentthat, if proven to have occurred solely because of the gender of the students involved and notbecause of some other objective reason, likely would violate Title IX: routinely refusing to givemale nursing students the same opportunities as female nursing students to correct deficient
Conference Session
Integrative Projects in Aerospace Engineering
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joel Weinstein, Northeastern University; Randy August, Northeastern University; Len Dow, Northeastern University; Jerome Tapper, Northeastern University; Francis Di Bella, Northeastern University
Tagged Divisions
Aerospace
August is an assistant professor in the computer engineering technology unit at Northeastern University. He recently was awarded a grant from the DOE (Project I-Test) for instructing high school teaching in the engineering and technology field. Page 11.38.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2006 ASEE 2006 Annual Conference, Chicago, Ill 2006-345 Engineering Technology Division A Description of an Integrated Capstone Senior Design Course with Teams of Mechanical, Electrical and Computer Engineering Technology Students Francis A. Di
Conference Session
Capstone Design I
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University; Juliet Hurtig, Ohio Northern University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
-nology.com 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.teach- nology.com/tutorials/teaching/rubrics3. S. M. Blanchard, M. G. McCord, P. L. Mente, D. S. Lalush, C. F. Abrams, E. G. Loboa, H. T. Nagle, Rubrics Cubed: Tying Grades to Assessment to Reduce Faculty Workloads, Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.4. V. L. Young, D. Ridgeway, M. E. Prudich, D. J. Goetz, B. J. Stuart, Criterion-Based Grading for Learning and Assessment in Unit Observations Laboratory, Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition.5. What is a Rubric? Relearning by Design, Inc., 2000 [Online]. Available: http://www.relearning.org
Conference Session
Simulation and Virtual Instrumentation in ET
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel Dangelo, Intel Corp.; Rajeswari Sundararajan, Arizona State University; Narciso Macia, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
Electronics Technology from A.T.E.S. Technical Institute.Rajeswari Sundararajan, Arizona State University Raji Sundararajan is an Associate Professor in the Dept. of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology at Arizona State University, Mesa, AZ. Her teaching interests include instrumentation, power electronics and control systems. Her clinical and research interests are, electrical pulse-mediated drug/gene delivery for cancer and various other diseases, characterization of biological tissues, the long term aging and degradation study of high voltage polymer insulators. Dr. Sundararajan received her PhD in Electrical Engineering (Power/High Voltage) from the Arizona State University
Conference Session
Design Projects in Wind and Solar Energy
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Steven Hazel, Rowan University; Peter Mark Jansson
Tagged Divisions
Energy Conversion and Conservation
2006-607: PHOTOVOLTAIC SYSTEM FEASIBILITY ASSESSMENTS:ENGINEERING CLINICS TRANSFORMING RENEWABLE MARKETSSteven Hazel, Rowan University Steven Hazel is a senior electrical and computer engineering major at Rowan UniversityPeter Jansson, Rowan University PETER MARK JANSSON is an Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rowan University teaching AC and DC electric circuits, power systems, sustainable design and renewable energy technologies. He leads numerous Sophomore, Junior and Senior Engineering Clinic Teams in solving real world engineering problems each semester. He received his PhD from the University of Cambridge, MSE from Rowan University and BSCE from MIT
Conference Session
Computing Curriculum
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Alan Price, DeVry University-Pomona
Tagged Divisions
Information Systems
hypermedia system users are needed to maximize the usability,functionality, and success measures of adaptive hypermedia systems.Cognitive Styles: Definition, Models, and RelationshipsResearch on cognitive styles dates back to laboratory studies by Witkin et al. 10 with their ideasof field dependence-independence becoming one of the most widely studied dimensions of anindividual’s preferred and habitual approach to accepting, organizing, and representinginformation 14. Witkin et al. (1977) introduced the term cognitive style to describe the conceptthat “individuals consistently exhibit stylistic preferences for the ways in which they organizestimuli and construct meanings for themselves out of their experiences.” Witkin’s definition ofcognitive style
Conference Session
Revitalizing Cooperative Education and Engineering
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Robert Stwalley, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Cooperative & Experiential Education
practical experiences available at Purdue, it seemed to makesense to utilize the original mission of the university to classify the types of experiences. Purdueis one of the first Land Grant universities, with engagement, research, and traditional academicgoals. Students at Purdue can gain practical experience in service learning projects throughEPICS, research projects through employment in on-going laboratory projects with faculty, andwork experience through employment with various university partner organizations. It wasdetermined that we would use the term “experiential education” to describe this larger spectrumof practical experience. Unfortunately, Co-Op does not adequately describe all of the types of traditional workexperience
Conference Session
Engineering for Social Justice
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Charles Schreier, University of Dayton; Carl Eger, University of Dayton; Margaret Pinnell, University of Dayton
Tagged Divisions
Liberal Education
laboratories, theystill can not provide the understanding gained through actually engaging with technology in itsworking environment. Taking fundamental theoretical concepts and applying them to real lifeengineering problems helped to solidify the students’ understanding of those fundamentals. Inmany ways this validation parallels the value attributed to undergraduate internship and coopprograms as well as other experiential learning experiences. The ETHOS experience providedthe participants with an increased awareness of how engineering impacts the daily lives of peoplein all societies.Another common outcome that the ETHOS experience provided to the participants was anunderstanding of another culture. Furthermore, most students indicated that the
Conference Session
Introducing Active Learning into ME Courses
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Julie Linsey, University of Texas-Austin; Brent Cobb, U.S. Air Force Academy; Daniel Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy; Kristin Wood, University of Texas-Austin; Saad Eways, Austin Community College
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
Force Research Laboratory, and his research there focused on development of low ac-loss superconducting films.Daniel Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy DAN JENSEN is a Professor of Engineering Mechanics at the U.S. Air Force Academy. He received his B.S., M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Colorado at Boulder. He has worked for Texas Instruments, Lockheed Martin, NASA, University of the Pacific, Lawrence Berkeley National Lab and MacNeal-Schwendler Corp. His research includes development of innovative design methodologies and enhancement of engineering education.Kristin Wood, University of Texas-Austin KRISTIN WOOD is the Cullen Trust Endowed Professor in Engineering at The University of
Conference Session
TC2K Methods and Models
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Timothy Skvarenina, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
2006-1920: TRIANGULATING TC2K ASSESSMENT RESULTS BY USINGSTUDENT SURVEYSTimothy Skvarenina, Purdue University Dr. Skvarenina received the BSEE and MSEE degrees from the Illinois Institute of Technology and the Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Purdue University. He served 21 years in the U.S. Air Force, in a variety of engineering and teaching positions. In the fall of 1991, he joined the faculty of the College of Technology at Purdue University where he currently holds the rank of Professor and teaches undergraduate courses in electrical machines and power systems and serves as the department assessment coordinator. He has authored or coauthored over 30 papers in the areas of power
Conference Session
Emerging Trends in Engineering Education Poster Session
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Omnia El-Hakim, Colorado State University
Conference and Exposition of the American Society of Engineering & Education (ASEE), Portland, OR Convention Center, June 12-15, 2005. 3. El-Hakim, O., Dorhout, P., Miranda, R., “Addressing the Student Learning Experiences: Achieving Diversity in STEM Disciplines”, presented at the Center for the Integration of Research, Teaching, and Learning Forum in Madison, Wisconsin, May 25-27, 2005. 4. El-Hakim, O., Levinger, N., “Opportunities for Undergraduate Research in Chemistry at Colorado State University”, presented at the 229th National Meeting of the American Chemical Society, San Diego, CA, March 2005. 5. El-Hakim, O., “Education, Research and Training Model for Native
Conference Session
New trends in ECE education
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Douglas Jacobson, Iowa State University; Nate Evans, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
Blue and Red Teams (assuming the reports were not intercepted).Bibliography1. Doug Jacobson, “Teaching Information Warfare with a Break-in Laboratory”, Proceedings of the 2004 American Society for Engineering Education, Salt Lake City, June 2004.2. L.J. Hoffman and D. Ragsdale, “Exploring a National Cyber Security Exercise for Colleges and Universities”, tech. report CSPRI-04-08, Cyber Security Policy and Research Inst. Aug 2004, www.cpi.seas.gwu.edu/library/docs/2004-08.pdf3. L.J Hoffman and D. Ragsdale, “Exploring a National Cybersecurity Exercise for Universities”, IEEE Security and Privacy, Volume 3, Number 5, September 2005, pg27-33.4. InfraGard, www.infragard.net5. Iowa State University Information Assurance
Conference Session
Knowing Our Students II
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jennifer Turns, University of Washington; Steve Lappenbusch, University of Washington
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
and to introduce the next activity. The activitiesin the cross-curricular program included: a) learning about portfolios in general, b) evaluatingother portfolios, c) writing a professional statement, d) finding artifacts, e) deciding whichartifacts to include in the portfolio, f) writing annotations for the artifacts, g) getting peer andprofessional feedback, and h) presenting the portfolio to others. The interaction amongst peersand the teaching faculty member provided ample opportunity to deeply explore the issuesstudents faced, the component activities, and how those issues and activities interacted during theportfolio creation.Six students participated in this study. These students included two seniors on the verge ofgraduating, two
Conference Session
MIND Education Trends
Collection
2006 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Dana Newell, Arizona State University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
were supported by a$2,500 scholarship, or less depending on need, for the academic year.As a part of the NACME Program, the entering freshmen were required to attend a two-creditAcademic Success Workshop, whose credits did not count toward graduation. Additionalminority freshmen also attended the class. The primary purposes of the Academic SuccessWorkshop was to help with the adjustment to being a university freshmen, to ensure that thestudents had someone to talk to should any problems arise by becoming acquainted with Schoolstaff, to assist in forming a support network for the student, to help teach teamwork, to sharpenpresentation skills, and to have an enjoyable experience.1 The students were shown a video tapeseries on making good grades