Conference Session

Engineering Ethics I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M.P. Sharma, University of Wyoming; Robert W. Peters, University of Alabama at Birmingham

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

, government, and national laboratories is a must. The proposal solicitation lists the following stated activities and specific areas of interest: “The extent of integration of sustainability into the engineering curricula at institutions of higher education in the United States may be identified by several key activities and indicators including but not limited to: (1) curricula development activities such as new core courses or electives or amending existing courses to include sustainability themes; (2) centers and institutes on campus related to sustainability; (3) conferences related to sustainability developed and hosted by faculty, departments, or engineering schools; (4) institutional support and funding for research relating engineering

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Dong, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2008-1509: KINESTHETIC STRUCTURESKevin Dong, California Polytechnic State University Page 13.830.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Kinesthetic StructuresAbstractThis paper describes how students are engaged in hands-on activities that reinforce complexengineering principles. In addition to utilizing chalk board examples for design and analysisproblems, physical modeling, not necessarily traditional laboratory testing, is implemented tolink engineering theory with building behavior. Students design, build, and learn how structuresbehave in three dimensions.IntroductionFive years ago, the author switched careers and from practice to

Conference Session

Web-Based Learning in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College; Harpal Dhillon, Excelsior College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

with staff at the Albany Nanotechnology Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, the Cornell Nanoscale Science and Technology Center, and the Nanofabrication Manufacturing Technology Partnership of Penn State regarding several week-long sessions at their locations. Page 13.423.4 The nanotechnology electives include: • Semiconductor Manufacturing: The Making of Integrated Circuits Reviews the history of semiconductor manufacturing, the processes used in making integrated circuits, e.g. photolithography, deposition, implantation, etching, metallization, CMP, and packaging. • Micro-electro-mechanical

Conference Session

Approaches to Active Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emilia Bratschitsch, Joanneum Univeristy of Applied Sciences; Annette Casey, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences, Department of Automotive Engineering,; Michael Trzesniowski

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

also work in the design studios, electronic andmeasurement laboratories and they use for solving the tasks more than 15 different softwaretools.After the roll-out of the racing car the students start testing the systems and components, andadjust the performance, primarily the vehicle dynamics, using modern on- and off-board tools.The signals acquired with the telemetric system are saved onboard and evaluated later offlinewith Matlab® or Diadem®. Supported by industrial sponsors they drive the car on provinggrounds. The aim is to be perfectly prepared for the competitions.The SAE ® competition consists of two event packages: the static events and the dynamicevents. During the static events the university teams have to defend their technical

Conference Session

Issues of Cooperative Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

ROBERT GRAY, Penn State Erie

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

with a local industry.Perceived Shortcomings to Traditional Systems Design CurriculumBefore I began a career in academia as a professor of (electrical) engineering, I worked inindustry for nearly 20 years. A major part of my career was in the military performing duties asan avionics maintenance technician, a flight crewmember in remote operations in Alaska, anavionics systems engineer for the F-16 aircraft, and researcher for guidance and controls systemsin an avionics laboratory. Once in front of the classroom, it did not take long before I noticedthat my senior students had a good grasp of the individual subjects (circuits, digital electronics,microprocessors, mathematics, physics, etc.), but they lacked a solid understanding of how

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experiences

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reginald Rogers, University of Michigan; Anthony Lachawiec, University of Michigan; Jeffrey Ringenberg, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

Northeastern. Reginald also served as President of the ASEE student chapter at the University of Michigan from 2005-2007. His current research is focused on the self-assembly of colloidal crystal structures for various applications. Upon finishing his degree, Reginald plans to return to industry before pursuing a position at the university level.Anthony Lachawiec, University of Michigan Anthony J. Lachawiec Jr. is a graduate student pursuing a Ph.D. in chemical engineering at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor. He currently serves as the ASEE Student Chapter President and has been a Graduate Student Instructor for undergraduate laboratory courses at both the University of Michigan and Lehigh

Conference Session

Engineering in the Elementary School

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mercedes McKay, Stevens Institute of Technology; Augusto Macalalag, Stevens Institute of Technology; Carol Shields, Stevens Institute of Technology; Debra Brockway, Stevens Institute of Technology; Beth McGrath, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

by Engineering Faculty: Lectures, laboratory tours, and hands-on activities were conducted by biomedical, environmental, and chemical engineering faculty who presented university-level science content. • Demonstration and Practice with EiE Modules: a) Best of Bugs: Agricultural Engineering - Students learn about the role of insects in the natural system of pollination and the concept of Integrated Pest Management. Students design a hand pollinator. b) Just Passing Through: Bioengineering - Students learn about the ways bioengineers use their knowledge about the basic needs of organisms when designing technologies. Students design a model membrane

Conference Session

Emerging Technologies / Pedagogies

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eugene Rutz, University of Cincinnati; Chris Collins, University of Cincinnati; Mani Mina, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

, architects, artists and others can create not only objects but buildings and systems.The virtual environment allows objects and systems to have attributes and functions (the planecan fly) such that the consequences of design can be studied and design alternatives evaluated.This evaluation can include not only the technical aspects of the design but the socialimplications and potential customer reaction and use of the product.TrainingVirtual environments facilitate active learning for groups as diverse as: • First responders • Medical personnel • Journalists • Laboratory workers Page 13.46.5Emergency personnel are already using virtual

Conference Session

Professional Development in Materials Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Schubert, Packer Engineering; Kara Cunzeman, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

part of the intern program offered atPacker Engineering. In a program stretching back more than 30 years, students have performeda vast array of tasks here. During building expansions, they plumbed toilets and painted beams.When the neighboring highway construction drained our pond, they mapped out a remediationplan. As new equipment was brought in, students read the manuals, ran experiments, and thendeveloped standard operating procedures. At the same time, they aided consulting engineers ineverything from laboratory testing to grueling field work to statistical analysis. Page 13.1302.3During summer 2007, a confluence of R&D projects produced

Conference Session

History and Future of Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University; Terence Geyer, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

covered. Other courses are beingexamined to determine if a similar active learning style could be applied. Many of theengineering and engineering technology courses utilize a hands-on laboratory approach but thelectures are conducted in the traditional way. They may be good candidates for the activelearning approach as well.Bibliography1. Allen, R. H. (2002). Impact teaching: Ideas and strategies for teachers to maximize student learning. Boston: Allyn & Bacon.2. Bonwell, C. C., & Eison, J. A. (1991). Active learning: Creating excitement in the classroom. (ASHE-ERIC Higher Education Report No. 1). Washington, DC: George Washington University.3. Crabtree, D. E. (1972). An introduction to flintworking. Occasional Papers No. 28

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Constituents Tech Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steve Walter, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne (Eng)

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Constituent Committee

AC 2008-998: A SYSTEMS APPROACH TO ENGINEERING “ECONOMICS”Steve Walter, Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne (Eng) Steve earned his Bachelors of Science degree in Physics at the University of Maryland and his Masters and Doctorate in Physics at the University of Colorado in Boulder. After graduating, he was hired by the NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) where he developed new and innovative microwave, millimeter-wave and submillimeter-wave remote sensing systems. In 2000, he joined Northrop Grumman Electronic Systems where he served in a variety of systems engineering and program management roles. In 2006 he moved to Fort Wayne, Indiana to accept the position as the

Conference Session

Computer Simulation and Animation I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Reising, University of Evansville; Mark Randall, University of Evansville

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2008-1015: A CORRELATION DETECTOR SIMULATIONJames Reising, University of Evansville JAMES A. REISING is an Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering at the University of Evansville, Evansville, Indiana, where he has taught since 1980. Prior to that time he was employed by Eagle-Picher Industries at the Miami Research Laboratories and the Electro-Optic Materials Department. He is a senior member of IEEE.Mark Randall, University of Evansville Mark E. Randall is a Staff Engineer for the University of Evansville College of Engineering and Computer Science. He is presently working on a Master of Science Degree in Computer Science and Engineering from the University of Evansville. Mark has two

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Kremer, Ohio University-Athens

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

or laboratory, targeted violence against a professor • Research risks (loss of research data or specimens, misuse of grant money, data fabrication, plagiarism, failed collaborations) • Other risks: email privacy risks (non-university accounts), unfair student discipline, discrimination, plagiarism, embezzlement, tenure denial complications and lawsuits, loss of computer data, field trip accidents, suicide, etc.Operationally, Ann Franke advises to take a broad view of what could go wrong, focus on smallsteps for improvement, get help, follow up, adjust and stick with it for the long term.Though not focused on college teaching, Dunklee et al in "A Primer for School RiskManagement" identify the following relevant

Conference Session

Alternative Energy Source Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Somerton, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

website, www.derbytourism.com.au/pages.asp?code=38, visited 2/27/08.7. Renewable Energy UK website, www.reuk.co.uk/La-Rance-Tidal-Power-Plant.htm, visited 2/27/08.8. Nova Scotia Power website, ww.nspower.ca/environment/green_power/tidal/index.shtml, visited 2/27/08.9. Verdant Power website, www.verdantpower.com/what-initiative, visited 2/27/08.10. NOAA Regional Ocean Forecast System at http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/cofs/, visited 1/15/07.11. National Renewable Energy Laboratory, www.nrel.gov/otec/what.html, visited 1/15/07.12. New and Renewable Energy Centre (NAREC), www.global-renewables.com/technologies- wave-tidal.php#, visited 1/15/07. Page

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development for K12 Teachers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Talley, University of Texas at Austin; Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas at Austin; Kristin Wood, University of Texas at Austin; Richard Crawford, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

techniques16,17. The DTEACh program demonstrates toteachers how the engineering design problem-solving process provides a way for students tolearn math and science concepts through Active Learning. DTEACh is supported by the CockrellSchool of Engineering at The University of Texas at Austin, and is led by engineeringprofessors. The program provides guidance to K-12 teachers on how to use open-endedproblems in their classrooms. Each institute comprises one week of instruction in engineeringconcepts through the use of everyday technology, directed laboratory activities, and designbriefs. The pedagogy used in the institutes, summarized in the next section, is similar to the 5Emethod (Engage, Explore, Explain, Elaborate, and Evaluate)18. The institutes are

Conference Session

FPD5 - Teaming and Peer Performance

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claribel Bonilla, University of San Diego; Leonard Perry, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Graduates and Their Impact on Curriculum Design," J. Engr. Ed., 82(4), Oct 1993 4. R. A. Guzzo and M. W. Dickson, "Teams in organizations: recent research on performance and effectiveness," Annual Review of Psychology, vol. 47, pp. 307, 1996. 5. J. R. Katzenbach and D. K. Smith, The Wisdom of Teams: Creating the High Performance Organization. Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press, 1993. 6. J. S. Byrd and J. L. Hudgkins, "Teaming in the design laboratory," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 84, pp. 335, 1995. 7. E. Seat and S. M. Lord, "Enabling effective engineering teams: a program for teaching interaction skills," Journal of Engineering Education, vol. 88, pp. 385, 1999. 8. Personal Strength

Conference Session

Novel Energy Applications in Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Schumack, University of Detroit Mercy; Mohammad Elahinia, University of Toledo; Christopher Schroeder, University of Toledo; Walter Olson, University of Toledo

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

fields. Dr. Schumack earned his BS, MS, and Ph.D. degrees in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan.Mohammad Elahinia, University of Toledo Mohammad H. Elahinia is an assistant professor in the Department of Mechanical, Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering at the University of Toledo, where he also serves as the Co-Director for the Dynamic and Smart Systems Laboratory. His main research interest is application of smart materials. Currently he is investigating smart material applications for alternative fuel and hybrid vehicles.Christopher Schroeder, University of Toledo Christopher C. Schroeder is a graduate mechanical engineering student at The University of Toledo. He

Conference Session

Foster Excellence

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Goang-Shin Liaw, Alabama A&M University; Pabitra Saha, Alabama A&M University; James Foreman, Alabama A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

-mechanical modeling, ground-lining interaction etc. He has been instrumental in the development of the civil engineering laboratories at AAMU using the NSF and Title III grants.James Foreman, Alabama A&M University Page 13.999.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Preparing Minority Engineering Students to Pass the Fundamentals of Engineering ExaminationAbstractThe Fundamentals of Engineering (FE) examination is the first of two (2) examinationsengineers must pass in order to be certified as a Professional Engineer. Once they pass the FEexam, they are classified as an intern

Conference Session

Embedded Computing

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Carroll, University of Minnesota-Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

television display, the need for personalcomputers dedicated to each lab station was eliminated, and replaced with one common personalcomputer to serve all the stations in the lab. This resulted in a much less cluttered and moreeasily maintained lab, and demonstrated interesting input/output capabilities of the ‘HCS12processor that were used in the station design. Students seemed satisfied with the lab stations,and were eager to use them to explore the capabilities of the ‘HCS12 processor.References 1. (authors omitted for review), “Comparing the MC68HC11 and the TMS370 as Vehicles for an Introductory Microcontroller Laboratory,” 1994 ASEE Annual Conference Proceedings, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada (1994). 2. (authors omitted for

Conference Session

BME Courses & Curricular Content

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Patzer, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

13.583.2Biothermodynamics is a prerequisite for our Biotransport course and Biomethods andApplications (laboratory) course and precedes the required human physiology course taught byanother department. Biothermodynamics is a three-credit course that meets twice weekly for anhour and fifteen minutes with an hourly recitation once a week. We currently offer one sectionwith an enrollment of approximately 50 students.A second logistic problem is availability of appropriate texts and material. While the First,Second, and Third Laws of thermodynamics cross all engineering disciplines, applications tendto be discipline specific. Thus, in perusing thermodynamics texts directed toward mechanicalengineers11, 12 one finds applications in heat engines, power transmission

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Willis, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; James Conrad, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, explicitly mentioned as part of strategic goal3 of NASA’s overall strategic goals10,p.8. For Mars exploration alone, the Phoenix Mars landerwill be launched in August of this year and includes the Surface Stereo Imager (SSI) built by theUniversity of Arizona and the approved Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) mission is to includeanother stereoscopic imaging system, MastCam, which is in the design phase at Malin SpaceScience Systems11. Design specifications for the MSL Mastcam include stereoscopic 3Dreconstruction of 1200x1200 images at 10 frames per second (fps) with zoom cameras capable ofup to 10x magnification11.In addition to the lander and rover missions, the computer vision instrumentation proposed is alsoappropriate for any short-range

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Design Constituents

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Skokan, Colorado School of Mines; Michael Ewing, Colorado School of Mines; Barbara Moskal, Colorado School of Mines; Heidi Barker, Regis University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

at Crime Scenes Laboratory • Logic Problems and Math GamesFri 7/20 • Evaluation Forms • Lunch to Celebrate!Day 10 Page 13.1324.5 • PosttestAcademic Year Follow-upThe first phase of this program was the implementation of the summer workshop. Thesecond phase occurred during the academic year. Throughout the academic year, a CSMgraduate student visited each of the participating teachers on a weekly basis and providedassistance as the teachers

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Tebbe, Minnesota State University-Mankato; Stewart Ross, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Michael Ostendorf, Minnesota State University-Mankato; Scott Cray, Minnesota State University-Mankato

students in these courses appear apathetic and do poorly…should notcome as a surprise”.4 The relevant educational research and literature is clear in the belief thatgreater student impact, understanding, and retention can only be achieved with greater studentengagement5.Through a NSF Course, Curriculum, and Laboratory Improvement (CCLI) grant, supplementarycourse material for thermodynamics is being designed for dissemination/production in anelectronic format and for use with standard thermodynamic textbooks on the market. Thematerial will include descriptions of real-world settings, each with several skills based (i.e.standard homework) and design-based problems specified. The combination of real-world settingand problems (along with associated

Conference Session

Projects & Partnerships Result in Student Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Wanless, Michigan Technological University; Scott Amos, Michigan Technological University; John Irwin, Michigan Technological University; David Wanless, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. Many programs are limited by their laboratory capacities.A project such as this one can begin to encourage the utilization of cross-disciplinary resources.The assessment of the project will be an integral part to program assessment activities. Futurepossibilities for additional applications of interwoven projects will also be explored. Page 13.1292.3 3IntroductionTraditional engineering technology courses have been presented and function as stand-alonecourses which may or may not reference content connections to other courses within the sameprogram

Conference Session

Preparing a Modern Aerospace Workforce

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

initiative and responsibility as fast as safety and common sense will permit. A good way to jump-start inexperienced undergraduates is to make them the project team leaders responsible for progress, and tell them that graduate students are tasked with helping them do what they needed to do, rather than to tell them what to do. This usually ignites initiative. It does require excellent graduate students, and deep individual attention to each student from the advisor. I now have 15 undergrads working in my research group, following the tradition of some 130 others, most of whom signed up after going through my sophomore aerodynamics course, validating Item 1 above. Laboratories are excellent places to convey physical insight, while

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Teams

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Denine Northrup, Western New England College; Steven Northrup, Western New England College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

-disciplinary teams”1. Western New England College has a long history of incorporatingengineering design into laboratory and course work. Additionally, interdisciplinary team effortsare initiated in the freshman year and continue for all four years.2,3 This paper describes theassessment instrument used in a senior-level interdisciplinary course that students take during thefall semester. The design project brings together students from mechanical, electrical, andcomputer engineering in teams typically consisting of 4-5 members. During the most recentdelivery of the course, due to a limited number of platforms and a larger senior class, the teamsconsisted of 7-8 students.To achieve a good level of interdisciplinary teamwork, educators need to motivate

Conference Session

FPD6 - First Year Curricula Development

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University; Mark Urban-Lurain, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

instructor. In high enrollment courses that have both lecture and laboratory components, studentratings of the lead faculty instructor may have two components: student attitudes about thecourse based on perceptions of the lead faculty person, and student attitudes about the coursebased on perceptions about the student’s teaching assistant (TA). It could be conjectured thatthese two sources of attitudes about the course merge in the perception of a student, and that animportant factor in the rating a student gives to a faculty person is the rating the student gives tohis TA or vice versa. Certainly, anecdotal evidence is available that if a student is unhappy witha TA, the same student may be unhappy with the course in general, and with the

Conference Session

Capstone Design III

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Don Dekker, University of South Florida; Stephen Sundarrao, University of South Florida; Rajiv Dubey, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2008-2013: CAPSTONE DESIGN COURSES: CONTENT RECOGNITIONDon Dekker, University of South Florida Don Dekker is currently an Adjunct Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the University of South Florida. He is currently teaching three of his favorite courses Mechanical Engineering Laboratory I, Internal Combustion Engines, and Capstone Design. Before his retirement in 2001, Don taught at Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology. He first joined ASEE in 1974 and some of his ASEE activities include Zone II Chairman (86-88), Chairman of DEED (89-90), and General Chair of FIE ‘87. His degrees are: PhD, Stanford University, 1973; MSME, University of New Mexico, 1963; and BSME, Rose Polytechnic

Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum in Electrical Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Khan, DeVry University; Jack Manansala, DeVry University, Addison, IL; John Smith, DeVry University, Addison, IL; Gabe Perez, DeVry University, Addison, IL; R Aguayo,, , DeVry University, Addison, IL; Rommel Sison, DeVry University, Addison, IL

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Abstract DeVry University’s Electronics Engineering Technology/Computer EngineeringTechnology (EET/CET) program senior project is a two-semester course sequence in whichstudents synthesize knowledge and skills learned in the previous courses. In the first course(EET-400, Project management), students research, plan and develop a project proposal. And inthe second course (EET-410L, Senior Project Laboratory) students implement the project plan bybuilding and testing a prototype. A typical project involves a solution to a software/hardware-based engineering problem. The process of developing and implementing a solution to theproblem offers a learning opportunity for students to gain new insights and competencies as aresult of “constructivist

Conference Session

FPD6 - First Year Curricula Development

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Ruhala, University of Southern Indiana; Richard Ruhala, University of Southern Indiana; Eric Sprouls, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Engineering) and ENGR 108 (Intro to Design). Other courses she is teaching are Dynamics, Dynamics of Machinery, and Engineering Materials. She is a member of ASEE and is developing a biomechanics laboratory as a center for research in bone and joint care.Richard Ruhala, University of Southern Indiana Richard Ruhala earned his BSME from Michigan State in 1991 and his PhD in Acoustics from The Pennsylvania State University in 1999. He has three years industrial experience at General Motors and three years at Lucent Technologies. He has been an Assistant Professor rank in the Engineering Department at USI since 2002, and has taught several of the freshmen engineering courses, including ENGR 103 and