Conference Session

Educating for Results: Tools used in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Hundley, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis; Terri Talbert-Hatch, Indiana University; Joshua Killey, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis; Elizabeth Wager, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

104 Silicon Valley employers indicated that employers were not satisfied withthe communication skills demonstrated by recently graduated new hires. Both oralcommunication and written communication skills need improvement in most cases5.Communication skills are considered to be a top priority for both gaining and retainingemployment, according to published reports from the Department of Labor’s Secretary’sCommission in Achieving the Necessary Skills. The author notes that information from thisreport is somewhat outdated. No recent studies regarding employer satisfaction has beenconducted since the early 1990’s in the specific field of education5.In comparison, a study completed regarding competencies of graduates within more technicalfields

Conference Session

Project-Based Learning in ECE Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Albert Liddicoat, California Polytechnic State University; Jianbiao Pan, California Polytechnic State University; James Harris, California Polytechnic State University; Lynne Slivovsky, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

-Based Design Courses,” International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 23, No. 1, pp, 114-119, 2007.2. Gorman, M. E., Johnson, V. S., Ben-Arieh, D. Bhattacharyya, S., Eberhart, S., Glower, J., et al., “Transforming the Engineering Curriculum: Lessons Learned from a summer at Boeing,” Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 90, No. 1, pp, 143-149, 2001.3. Nicolai, L. M., “Viewpoint: an Industry View of Engineering Design Education,” International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 7-13, 1998.4. NetPRL webpage at http://www.netprl.calpoly.edu/.5. ABET 2000 Criteria for Accrediting Engineering Programs, Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, Baltimore, MD, http://www.abet.org/.6. Slivovsky, L. A

Conference Session

Global Engineering in an Interconnected World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Byoung-Kyu Dan, Korea University; Seung-Won Jung, Korea University; Junh-Yung Kim, Korea University; Tae-Shick Wang, Korea University; Aldo Morales, Pennsylvania State University-Harrisburg; Sung-Jea Ko, Korea University

Tagged Divisions

International

efficiency. The software was implemented by a team ofvisiting Korean graduate students from the Department of Electrical and ComputerEngineering, Korea University, who were visiting the Electrical Engineering Program,Penn State Harrisburg, and were supervised by instructors of both Universities. Thisshows the importance of international collaboration to tackle complex research tasks.References[1] S-H. Park, H-K Kim, A. Morales and S.-J. Ko “Air-void Analysis System of Polished Concrete Using Image Processing,” Accepted in Journal of Applied Computer Science, January 2008.[2] A. Said and W. A. Perlman, “A new, fast, and efficient image codec based on set partitioning in

Conference Session

Engineering Accreditation Around the World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maria M. Larrondo Petrie, Florida Atlantic University; Gisela Coto Quintana; Jaime Salazar, Ibero-American Association of Engineering Education (ASIBEI); Jorge Ignacio Velez Munera, Universidad Sergio Arboleda, ACOFI

Tagged Divisions

International

accreditationinitiatives, ideas being proposed by existing projects that seek to form regional engineeringaccreditation, such as MEXA – the Mercosur Experimental Accreditation Project, the EuropeanCommission`s EURACE Project and RIACES. RIACES is developing a proposal ofaccreditation for Engineering degrees. The work developed implied the participation of theLatin-American countries members of RIACES for the harmonization of accreditation criteria.At present it is at a proposal of model of evaluation that will apply at beginning of 2007 forcareers of Engineering in the frame of a pilot plan.To follow-up on the ideas in the EE-CMM, The Turabo Declaration and The TampicoDeclaration, LACCEI recognized that a deeper collaboration with other organizations wasneeded

Conference Session

Computer Simulation and Animation II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Rossow, Southern Illinois University-Edwardsville

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

–explanations: How students study and use examples in problem solving.” Cognitive Science, 13, 145-182.[20] Kalyuga, S., Chandler, P., Tuovinen, J. Sweller, J. 2001. “When problem solving is superior to studying worked examples.” Journal of Educational Psychology, 93, 579-588.[21] Kalyuga, S., Ayres, P., Chandler, P., & Sweller, J. (2003). "The expertise reversal effect," Educational Psychologist, 38(1), 23-31.[22] Reisslein, J., Atkinson, R.K., Seeling, P., and Reisslein, M. (2006). “Encountering the Expertise Reversal Effect with a Computer-Based Environment on Electrical Circuit Analysis.” Learning and Instruction, 16(2), 92-103, April.[23] Shelley, J. F., (1990). 800 Solved problems in vector mechanics for engineers statics

Conference Session

STEM Pipeline: Pre-College to Post-Baccalaureate

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Trenor, University of Houston; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

discussion with graduate students andfaculty as an informative experience in addition to their daily access to mentors: Page 13.1372.7 “Well, there was one of our events that we do every Wednesday [in the REU program]… one of them was having a panel of people who were going for or had Ph.D.’s and they talked to us about benefits of a Ph.D. It definitely threw a kink into my plans; made me consider graduate school a little bit more. So, yeah, it gave me pause and [caused me to] think a little harder about everything.” 1. Past Performance AccomplishmentsThe REU experience served as a positive performance

Conference Session

DELOS Best Paper Nominations

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Schubert, University of San Diego; Frank Jacobitz, University of San Diego; Ernest Kim, University of San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

groups wascaused by the worm gear output shaft of the motor. If students chose the wrong motor rotationdirection, the disk unscrewed from the shaft. A warning was placed in the first revision of thelaboratory procedures and the problem eliminated. Page 13.192.10 Table II. Electrical-mechanical energy conversion Output Mechanical Power Input Electrical Power Efficiency ∆ mass f T ω Pout V I Pin η (g) (Hz) (mNm) (rad/s) (W) (V) (A) (W) (%) 2 35.1 1.2152 220.54 0.27

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Zemke, Gonzaga University; Diane Zemke, Gonzaga University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

interested, please contact the first author via email.The first author is also particularly interested in creating activities that specifically teachcollaboration skills such as active listening, giving peer feedback, or assigning tasks on teams.These skills are especially relevant to engineers today but represent a significant challenge toteach well. If you are interested in developing an effective and tested curriculum in this area,please also contact the author.Finally, we wish to thank Brent Fales for his effort in creating half of these activities. Brenttaught a parallel section to the one in this study. Without his help, this study would not havebeen possible.References1. Smith, K. A., Sheppard, S. D., Johnson, D. W., & Johnson, R. T

Conference Session

Industry and Engineering Technology Partnerships

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Dobrowski, Purdue University-North Central

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

initially the addition of the organized labor representative,Mr. Dave Fagan, was met with resistance. Many at the university were leery of allowing anofficer of an organized labor union into a position that advises a professional program.However, it was pointed out that as Financial Secretary, Mr. Fagan is the “Number 4” person in a23,000 member local (to put it into perspective, Local 150’s funded pension fund currentlystands in excess of $3.5 billion). As such, he would be the equivalent of a Senior Vice Presidentin a major corporation. As it turned out, his input was excellent. As an officer in a major tradeunion (with strong political ties), he had insight on state budget matters, which play a strong rolein the health of the local construction

Conference Session

BME Courses & Curricular Content

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Linsenmeier, Northwestern University; David Gatchell, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

-Harvard/MIT) Engineering Research Center in BioengineeringEducational Technologies, which can be accessed electronically and has several learningadvantages, which are discussed below. Table 1. Selection of books containing quantitative physiology problems Problem Books Michael, JA and Rovick, AA Problem Solving in Physiology Prentice Hall 1999 Problem solving strategies; conceptual problems; some relatively simple quantitative problems Tiger, S, Kirk, JK, and Mathematical Concepts in Clinical Science Prentice Hall 2000 Solomon, RJ Very simple mathematical concepts with which engineering students should

Conference Session

International CIase Studies: Collabs, Exchanges & Interactions

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sohail Anwar, Pennsylvania State University-Altoona College; Patrick Favier, IUT Bethune, France; David Jouglet, IUT Bethune, France

Tagged Divisions

International

subsystem of the complete engineering system. Eventually, allthe subsystems will be integrated into a single functional engineering system.The international engineering design project will help the participating studentsunderstand the impact of engineering solutions in a global context. More importantly, itwill expose students to the modern reality that many times one subsystem of anengineering application is developed in one country and the other one is developed in adifferent country.Bibliography[1] Anwar, S. “International Collaboration in Engineering and Technology Education: A Case Study”,Proceedings: 1998 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition[2] Marchman, J. F. “Opportunities and Pitfalls in International Design Education Collaboration

Conference Session

Developing Communication/Teamwork Skills in ChEs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sibel Özgen, University Rovira i Virgili; Joan Alabart, University Rovira i Virgili; Magda Medir, University Rovira i Virgili

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

Interviews (BEI) technique was chosen as atechnique to assess students’ level of leadership competence. The basic principle ofcompetency approach is that what people think or say about their motives or skills is notcredible. Only what they actually do, in the most critical incidents they have faced, is tobe believed22. Therefore, the objective of BEI is to get very detailed behavioraldescriptions of how a person goes about doing his/her work22. The questions are basedon real situations and the interviewee is asked to describe the specific behaviors,thoughts, and actions s/he has shown in real critical situations. An example BEIquestion is; “Describe a time when, against all odd, you were able to get a project ortask completed within the defined

Conference Session

Educational Software

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sam Shearman, National Instruments; Erik Luther, National Instruments; Ed Doering, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

and otherproduction overhead.Bibliography1 LabVIEW, http://www.ni.com/labview.2 Camtasia, http://www.techsmith.com.3 Doering, E. R., Luther, E., and Shearman, S., “Enhancing Digital Signal Processing Education with Audio SignalProcessing and Music Synthesis,” Proceedings of the ASEE 2008 Annual Conference and Exposition, Pittsburgh,PA.4 Doering, E. R., "Musical Signal Processing with LabVIEW (All Modules)," Connexions, January 15, 2008,http://cnx.org/content/col10507.5 Doering, E. R., "Additive Synthesis Techniques." Connexions. October 31, 2007. http://cnx.org/content/m15445.6 Wikipedia contributors, "Screencast," Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, January 17, 2008.http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Screencast&oldid

Conference Session

Design Project Based Learning

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Matsson, Oral Roberts University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

$178.50 #8 Mirror Finish .250" Thick, 12" X 12"Robertson Glass N/A Tempered Glass 2 $86.62 Total $613.41Table 1. Detailed Project CostBibliography1. Bénard, H. “Les tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappe liquide”, Rev. Gen. Sciences Pure Appl. 11, 1261-1271,1309-1328, 19002. Rayleigh, L. “On convection currents in a horizontal layer of fluid when the higher temperature is on the underside.”, Phil. Mag. 32, 529-546, 1916.3. Chandrasekhar, S. “Hydrodynamic and Hydromagnetic Stability”, Dover, 1981.4

Conference Session

Curriculum Development in Mechanical Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Zecher, Indiana University-Purdue University-Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

., Mechanics of Materials, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 1976[4] Reddy, J. N., An Introduction to the Finite Element Method, 3rd Edition, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 2006[5] Moaveni, S., Finite Element Analysis Theory and Application with ANSYS, 3rd Edition, Prentice-Hall, UpperSaddle River, NJ, 2008[6] Hutton, D. V., Fundamentals of Finite Element Analysis, McGraw-Hill, New York, NY, 2004[7] Lawrence, K.L., ANSYS Workbench Tutorial, SDC Publications, 2006[8] Dadkhah, F. and Zecher, J., ANSYS Workbench Software Tutorial with Multimedia CD, Schroff DevelopmentCorp., 2007[9] Dale, Edgar, Audio-Visual Methods in Teaching, 3rd Edition, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston (1969)[10] Felder, Richard M, and Brent, Rebecca, “Understanding Student

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

to plan a crossing strategy o Discussion is allowed during this phase o No stepping on maze during this phase Action phase: o Absolutely no talking o Body movements are allowed Page 13.750.7 o No objects, no computing/communication devices, no paper, no writing, etc. o Each team must send an explorer first, i.e., a team member that explores a non-beeping “clear” path. A clear path must include all rows. No row skipping (but path may include horizontal movement (left/right) o After the explorer crosses, the team must cross. The team (or member(s) of) may follow the same

Conference Session

Electrical ET Curriculum and Projects

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helen McNally, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

undergraduate exposureat this time. Students used the NanoHUB to simulate various quantum dot and carbon nanotubeconfigurations and investigate their electrical and/or optical properties. Two laboratory reportswere required. One detailing the hands-on experience with the SPM and the other involving theuse of the NanoHUB as s simulation tool. Page 13.1186.3 Week Lecture A Lecture B Lab Section # Tuesday 3-4:15 Thursday 3-4:15 Thurs. 9:30- 11:20 1 Course Introduction to BNC Orientation

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley Stone, Western Carolina University; Larry Smith, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

in theeffort. Figure 1: Coordinate measuring machine with x, y, z axesOriginally introduced in the 1960’s, CMMs are high-precision flexible gages capable ofmeasuring a wide range of geometries to micron- level precision. 3 The most popularconfiguration is one that moves on three independent x, y, and z axes with a probe that contacts Page 13.493.3the part being measured. Figure 1 shows the CMM used in this research with x, y, and z axeslabeled on the pump housing being measured. The CMM has an absolute reference frame (x1 -y1 -z1 ), and local reference frame (x2 -y2 -z2 ) that is aligned according to the part geometry

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aly Tawfik, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Richard Goff, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

characterized by an easy competition. The reader shouldbe aware that from the 360 / 400 projects (45 workshops × 8 to 9 projects each), the studentswere aware that 30 projects were to be selected for the finals, and 3 projects from these finals areto win prizes.As a result of this minor instructional delivery modification, the students within each of Friday’sworkshops divided themselves fairly among the five energy categories. Hence, just as required,this produced at least one team per renewable energy category.This example demonstrates the great influence an instructor has on the class s/he teaches. It alsoshows how minor modifications to the instructional delivery strategy can have big impacts on theinstructional progress within a classroom.3. Case

Conference Session

Sharing Best Practices

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles McIntyre, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Campus Representatives

Heads) to confirm that they are members of theDean’s Program, or encourage them to join the program. The Section Chair could also contact Page 13.553.6the Section Campus Reps to “remind” them of the Dean’s Program.Additional contact from the Section Chair to the general membership of the Section couldinclude information related to National or Sectional conferences (or meetings) and/or otherrelated ASEE information. In addition, the Section Chair should also contact the Section Deans(Administrative Heads) to solicit ideas concerning recruitment and retention of ASEE members,and perhaps the funding of the Section Teaching Award(s).The Section Chair

Conference Session

Instrumentation and Laboratory Systems

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nabil Lehlou, University of Arkansas; Nebil Buyurgan, University of Arkansas; Justin Chimka, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

systemThen, the GUI agent would generate the above XML message. This message would then be sentto the motor agents, or possibly to a larger agent such as a robot, and the user would see the Page 13.169.5desired set of motions that s/he programmed. After that the GUI agent is integrated in a website,the laboratory system would look like the structure in figure 3. Integration of RFIDThe next important thing is to integrate the RFID technology in the laboratory system. That isachieved by attaching the RFID readers’ antennas to motors, allowing rotational and translationaldegrees of freedom. Furthermore, since a basic robot is just a set of motors and

Conference Session

Potpourri II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Betsy Homsher, Kettering University; Janet Brelin-Fornari, Kettering University; Terri Lynch-Caris, Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

exposure to the field’s potential can impact interest andmatriculation. We can further substantiate this claim with data from post-program surveysconducted among former participants who matriculate elsewhere. Nearly 65% of them major inmechanical engineering at other colleges and universities (92% major in various engineeringfields). Retention rates among LITE matriculants are significantly higher than those of otherstudents, including women students. We have retained nearly 100% of all LITE matriculants, ahighly favorable number by any standard. Only one student has left the University beforecompleting her degree. Four (4) have graduated. Among them are two women who intend tocomplete Ph.D.’s in STEM disciplines. One attends graduate

Conference Session

Novel Measurement Experiments

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carlin Shaodong Song, USNA; Svetlana Avramov-Zamurovic, U.S. Department of Defense

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

. Repeatabilityserves to reduce the possibility of a tsunami warning being a false alarm. Linearity is ameasure of how well the transducer output increase linearly with increasing pressure.Linearity eliminates the need for a complicated set of algorithms to calculate the dynamicpressure from the pressure recorded by the sensor.Pressure range In order to pick the right sensor, it was first necessary to calculate the range ofpressures the sensor will be deployed in. The initial bench test was done in a still watertank with a depth of 3 feet. The calculation of the pressure range was as follows:  kg  mP = ρgh = 1000  9.81 2 (0.9144m ) = 8.96 x103 Pa = 1.30 psi  m  s  At 3 feet (0.9144m) of water, the pressure

Conference Session

The Latest in Improving Learning in ChE Students

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Zollars, Washington State University; Christopher Hundhausen, Washington State University; Jonathan Brown, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

description into visual form.1 R.M. Felder and L.K. Silverman, "Learning and Teaching Styles in Engineering Education," Engr.Education, 78(7), 674-681 (1988).2 D. Norman and S. Draper, User-centered system design, Lawrence Erlbaum Assoc., Mahwah, NJ, (1986). Page 13.382.9

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shuju Wu, Southeast Missouri State University; Ragu Athinarayanan, Southeast Missouri State University; Xiaobing Hou, Southeast Missouri State University; Sophia Scott, Southeast Missouri State University

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

experience. Finally, we will continueto expand the integrated curriculum and laboratory, such as setting up a student-operatedNetwork Operations Center (NOC) for the campus or even the local region and adding wirelesscellular communications to the laboratory.Bibliography1. Ma, j & Nickerson, J. (2006). Hands-on, simulated, and remote laboratories: A Comparative Literature Review.ACM Computing Surveys.38(3). 1-24.2. ABET. 2008 Criteria for accrediting engineering programs. Retrieved Jan. 14, 2008. from http://www.abet.org.3. Etkina, E. & Murthy, S. (2006). Design labs: Students' expectations and reality. Physics Education ResearchConference. American Institute of Physics.97-101

Conference Session

The Academic Environment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica Young, Syracuse University; John Tillotson, SYRACUSE UNIVERSITY

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

uc o l e c tur in en m h e c a s u e m m g t r M e o c si d h a om M ero gri c (g g. P iron iron a N te d /C Me C uf Bi an Pe c hi ut

Conference Session

Information Technologies Classroom Instruction

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Hansen, University of St. Thomas

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

the code-output connection, have the student(s) suggest and make a change to the code with a prediction of how it will change the output. 7. Have the student re-run the code to determine whether their predicted change in the output is observed. 8. Repeat steps 6 and 7 for other aspects of the code to aid the student in developing a model of the structure and behavior of a loop within the model of computer programming that they are developing in their mind.Once the students have developed a gestalt understanding of the loop structure, it ispossible to move on an explanation of the loop structure using identification techniquesdeveloped by Peterson.The result of the techniques outlined above is that the students are

Conference Session

Innovations in ECE Education II

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alyssa Magleby, University of Utah; Cynthia Furse, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

were writing. Additionalinstructions on how to conduct peer review sessions were also provided on the TA website.Giving guided feedback was found to be a major aspect of importance in peer reviews (againthrough the use of a rubric) so that students knew what they were looking for. For instance, ifstudents were asked to include information on how the individual lab related to the overallproject, the peers were asked to circle or number the sentence(s) that included that information.Students were often surprised when their peers could not find information they thought they hadincluded, which meant their writing was not as clear as they thought it was. The process ofreviewing someone else’s paper also caused students to question how clearly they

Conference Session

Research and Education in Radiation and Radiologic

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shripad Revankar, Purdue University; Felix Mbuga, Otto H. York Department of Chemical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology,

Tagged Divisions

Nuclear and Radiological

on theprogress of the work. It is important that faculty and Graduate mentor attend studentpresentations and make important positive comments.Bibliography1. Boyer Commission on Education of Undergraduates in the Research University. 1998. Reinventing Undergraduate Education: A Blueprint for America’s Research Universities. New York, New York2. K. B. Schowen, K.B. 1998. Research as a critical component of the undergraduate educational experience. Assessing the Value of Research in the Chemical Sciences. National Research Council Report, National Academy Press: 73–81.3. A. L. Zydney, J. S. Bennett, A. Shahid, K. W. Bauer Impact of Undergraduate Research Experience in Engineering Journal of Engineering Education 151-157

Conference Session

Engineering Economy -- The Introductory Course

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rajkamal Kesharwani, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Xiaomeng Chang, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Janis Terpenny, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; william sullivan, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

quality of the added pages and categorizing thesepages in the proper place. A user may write a page or even a number of pages which he wants tocontribute. To give the links to this page/s is a decision only at the discretion of the administrator.In addition, the administrator can provide moderator privileges to certain users. Thus, this sitecan be viewed as being controlled by the selected group containing the administrator and themoderators. The ultimate privilege rests with the administrator. This gives certain protection tothe site from users with ill intentions. Even when any improper data is created and added to thesite, periodic scanning of recent changes by the administrator and moderators can result infiltering out of such data. The