Conference Session

PCEE Session 13: Equity in P-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mariam Manuel, University of Houston

]. Although the order of thesepractices may vary, the EDP encompasses a series of critical steps aimed at addressing a specificproblem [36]. The process of engaging in engineering design is initiated by identification of a need orproblem [26] often expressed through concerns of customers or clients [27]. Following this step,engineers explore similar, previously solved, problems, while being mindful of constraints andlimitations. This research phase is critical because it allows engineers to acquire a deepunderstanding of how the problem being tackled relates to those previously resolved. Theprocess of re-design and re-testing provides engineers with useful insights about the physicalconstraints and limitations of the problem or product

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Saharnaz Baghdadchi, University of California, San Diego; Alex Phan, University of California, San Diego; Carolyn Sandoval, University of California, San Diego; Huihui Qi, University of California, San Diego; Marko Lubarda, University of California, San Diego; Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego

Paper ID #37266Student perceptions of oral exams in undergraduateengineering classes and implications for effective oral examdesignSaharnaz Baghdadchi Saharnaz Baghdadchi is an Assistant Teaching Professor at UC San Diego. She is interested in scholarly teaching and uses active learning techniques to help students achieve expert-like level of thinking. She guides students in bridging the gap between facts and usable knowledge to solve complex engineering problems.Huihui Qi (dupe) (Assistant Teaching Professor) Dr. Qi is an Assistant Teaching Professor at University of California, San Diego.Marko Lubarda (Assistant

Conference Session

Intersections of Identity and Student Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice Technical Session 10

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerry Yang, Stanford University; Crystal Nattoo

Paper ID #38048Balancing Social, Personal, and Work Responsibilities forMinoritized Doctoral Students in EngineeringJerry Austin Yang (Student) Jerry A. Yang (he/him/his) is a doctoral student and graduate research assistant at Stanford University pursuing a Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering and a MA in Education. He received a BS in Electrical Engineering from the University of Texas at Austin with a certificate in LGBTQ+/Sexualities Studies. Jerry is currently researching novel two-dimensional materials for conventional and quantum computing applications. In addition, Jerry’s research interestsinclude diversity

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Approaches to Ethics Education (Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cortney Holles, Colorado School of Mines

infuse ethics via a requiredcourse in an engineering class and in the humanities curriculum, respectively [6].Researchers also advocate for particular pedagogies when it comes to teaching engineeringethics. Sarah Pfatticher suggests that we consider “the right balance of structure and flexibility inour curricula to foster the habits of mind appropriate to ethical practice of engineering educationin a globalized world” [7, p. 256]. To this end, she argues that scaffolding the practices andthought processes of ethical decision-making should be part of our curriculum conversations.Other researchers support hands-on projects and teamwork for engaging future engineers inpracticing and applying ethics. For example, William Frey writes about teaching

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Mechanics Applied and the Best in Five... Get Ready!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Kaklamanos, Merrimack College; Simon Ghanat, The Citadel; Craig Shillaber, Northeastern University; Tanya Kunberger, Florida Gulf Coast University; Brock Barry, United States Military Academy; Shawn Griffiths, University of Wyoming; Corrie Walton-Macaulay, Saint Martin's University; Suresh Immanuel, University of Evansville; David Saftner, University of Minnesota Duluth; Chris Swan, Tufts University

of the effectiveness of various instructional styles on this topic couldprove beneficial for increasing student learning. Nonetheless, the current pedagogical literatureon Mohr’s circle instruction tends to be focused on mechanics courses rather than upper-levelcivil engineering courses [3–6]. With this literature gap in mind, the purpose of this paper is todescribe best practices for teaching and evaluating Mohr’s circle concepts in undergraduategeotechnical engineering courses.Instructional strategies for Mohr’s circle as implemented by geotechnical engineering instructorsfrom ten different U.S. institutions are described in this paper, along with methods of evaluatingstudent knowledge in each instructor’s course. This paper delineates

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 11 Empathy and Human-Centered Design 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pamela Dickrell, University of Florida; Jeremy Waisome, University of Florida; Lilianny Virguez, University of Florida; Andrea Goncher, University of Florida; Idalis Villanueva, University of Florida

those models is a very useful skill to have going into engineering.”“Doing solid modeling in Onshape was the most important to me because it was satisfying beingable to create designs. Learning all the functions and being able to make shapes and parts wasalso very rewarding.”“The 3D modeling helped me understand how manufacturers are able to precisely make theirproducts and it made me realize that with enough effort I can turn an idea in my mind into a 3Dmodel that I can physically print out.”“The modeling was the most important because this was when we actually designed somethingourselves from scratch. And as an engineering major I will most likely have to model somethingagain in the future.”“OnShape Solid Modeling is the most important in my

Conference Session

PCEE Technical Session 6: Engineering Design in High School

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stacy Klein-Gardner, Vanderbilt University; Leigh Abts, The Johns Hopkins University; Gail Goldberg

Paper ID #37404The Engineering Design Process Portfolio Scoring Rubric(EDPPSR) – Initial Validity and Reliability (Fundamental)Stacy S Klein-Gardner (Adjunct Professor) Stacy Klein-Gardner's career in P-12 STEM education focuses on increasing interest in and participation by females and URMs and teacher professional development. She is an Adjunct Professor of Biomedical Engineering at Vanderbilt University where she serves as the co-PI and co-Director of the NSF-funded Engineering For US All (e4usa) project. She also serves as the co-PI, Lead Engineer, and Director of Partnerships for Youth Engineering Solutions

Conference Session

ERM: New Research Methods and Tools

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Qin Liu, University of Toronto; Joanna Li, University of Toronto; Jenifer Hossain, University of Toronto

). Along this evolution is a shift of research paradigms—from the post-positivist to the constructivist / interpretivist and then to the critical / culturalparadigm (Patton et al., 2016; Schuh & Jones, 2017).Engineering Competencies Being like-minded to educators and professionals in higher education in general,communities of engineering education are also highly interested in student development. Thisinterest is partially exhibited through their concern about engineering students’ competencydevelopment (Davis, Beyerlein, & Davis, 2006; Dunwoody, et al., 2018; Kamp, 2016). Thesecompetencies are formalized and reinforced by engineering accreditation standards (e.g., theAccreditation Board for Engineering and Technology, or ABET

Conference Session

PCEE Technical Session 8: Engineering Design in Elementary School

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ron Skinner, University of California, Santa Barbara; Danielle Harlow

Paper ID #37959Recognition of Design Failure by Fourth Grade StudentsDuring an Engineering Design Challenge (Fundamental)Ron Kevin Skinner (Research and Evaluation Specialist) Ron Skinner has been involved with science education and research for the past 30 years. He has taught physics, astronomy, and general science in formal settings to audiences from kindergarteners to graduate students in the schools of the Lucia Mar School District, and at Cornell University, University of California, Irvine, and Santa Barbara City College. He has worked in informal STEM education at the Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 14: Introductory Programming Assessment, Plagiarism, Motivation, Engagement, and Textbooks

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

P.K. Imbrie, University of Cincinnati; Jeff Kastner, University of Cincinnati; Dylan Ryman, University of Cincinnati

of its effectiveness, and attempts to improve this aspect of an engine’sperformance are often the source of entirely new similarity engines and corresponding theoreticalinnovation [5, 6].The increasing prevalence of programming assignments in first-year engineering courseworkmarks a corresponding increase in source code plagiarism outside the confines of computerscience departments. The nature of programming assignments in the context of engineeringeducation presents unique challenges for similarity engines developed with lengthy, staticallytyped programs in mind. This paper is interested in the application of its results in the first-yearengineering education setting, so it will focus on Python, a rapidly growing language thatcontinues to

Conference Session

ERM: Year of Impact on Racial Equity

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Litzler, University of Washington; Jeremi London, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Homero Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Kristen Billiar, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Jordan Jarrett, Colorado State University; David Knight, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Linda Vanasupa, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering

Paper ID #37031WIP: ASEE Year of Impact on Racial Equity: Faculty andAdministrators EngagementElizabeth Litzler (Director) Elizabeth (Liz) Litzler, Ph.D., is the Director of the Center for Evaluation & Research for STEM Equity (CERSE) at the University of Washington (UW) and an Affiliate Assistant Professor in UW Sociology. She was the 2020-2021 Chair of the ASEE Commission on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion (CDEI). She is a former Board Member of Women in Engineering ProActive Network (WEPAN) and the recipient of the 2020 WEPAN Founders Award. She has led social science research projects such as the UW

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Best of Works in Progress

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hao Jiang, Lawrence Technological University

stories. In 2014, Dr. Jiang co-founded NanoMeida Solutions Inc. (a start-up technology company based in Vancouver, British Columbia) with a co-worke and has served as the chief technology officer. Dr. Jiang's research interests include: biomedical sensors, nanotechnology, optics, electronics, computational electromagnetics. © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com Work in Progress: Development of a Learning Module on Intellectual Property Protection to Foster the Entrepreneurial Mindset in a Medical Device Design CourseIntroductionEntrepreneurial-Minded Learning (EML) aims at developing

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Innovating New Ways to Teach

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Swenty, Virginia Military Institute; Benjamin Dymond, University of Minnesota Duluth; Camilla Saviz, University of the Pacific; David Saftner, University of Minnesota Duluth; Jeffrey Shafer, University of the Pacific; Kacie D'Alessandro, Virginia Military Institute; Tanya Kunberger, Florida Gulf Coast University; Christopher Shearer

Paper ID #36737I Think We Should Break Up...Class, That IsMatthew Swenty (Dr.) Dr. Swenty obtained his bachelor's and master's degrees in Civil Engineering from Missouri S&T and then worked as a bridge designer at the Missouri Department of Transportation. He returned to school to obtain his Ph.D. in Civil Engineering at Virginia Tech followed by re-search work at the Turner-Fairbank Highway Research Center on concrete bridges. He is currently a professor of civil engineering and the Jackson-Hope Chair in Engineering at the Virginia Military Institute. He teaches engineering mechanics and structural

Conference Session

PCEE Session 12: STEM, Technology, and Engineering Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Dare, Florida International University; Joshua Ellis, Florida International University; Mark Rouleau; Gillian Roehrig, University of Minnesota - Twin Cities; Elizabeth Ring-Whalen

) (Smith et al., 2013), the Science and Engineering LearningObservation Protocol (Dringenberg et al., 2012) and the Classroom Observation Protocol forEngineering Design (COPED) (Wheeler et al., 2019), were not designed to measure integratedSTEM teaching and focus on other elements, like teacher quality in a single discipline orengineering design. Although these instruments each excel in their intended areas, they were notdesigned with an integrated STEM education framework in mind, thus missing key characteristicsof integrated STEM. This lack of an integrated STEM observation protocol for K-12 educationhas delayed progress with respect to enacting integrated STEM in K-12 classrooms, whichinherently impedes our ability to measure related student

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Best of Works in Progress

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cameron Kim, Duke University

by these infections.Future DirectionsRobert McGinn identifies the fundamental ethical responsibilities for engineers to not causeharm, to try to prevent harm, to try to alert and inform about risks, and finally to serve legitimateinterests of employers or clients [14]. Students must receive regular and active education onbuilding an ethical toolbox that prepares them for bioengineering with a diverse set ofstakeholders in mind. As students continue their capstone design projects, they will interview astakeholder to share their preliminary designs and update their analyses from the fall semester.Future work will reexamine students’ definitions of bioethical principles and ethical decisionmaking as an integrated element of the design-build

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Teresa Larkin, American University; Shams El-Adawy; Victoria Vogel, American University

. Tori’s undergraduate focus on Sociology and Applied Physics allows her to easily translate between technical and non-technical team members. Tori obtained an MBA from the University of Texas and is a continued advocate of increasing the number of women in STEM careers.Teresa L. Larkin (Associate Professor of Physics Education) Teresa L. Larkin is an Associate Professor of Physics Education and Director and Faculty Liaison to the Combined Plan Dual-degree Engineering Program at American University. Dr. Larkin conducts educational research and has published widely on topics related to the assessment of student learning in introductory physics and engineering courses. Noteworthy is her work with student writing as a

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Integrating Design Across the BioE/BME Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alyssa Taylor, University of Washington

the 4.6+0.52 education introduction of it in the early stages allows me to apply it to a wide variety of projects” “This mind set will help me make the world more inclusive so that everyone can benefit from new technology and advances” “It adds to my understanding of engineering design” “absolutely, I won't just think about myself but will actively design for others” “through the hands on quiz section, I feel much more More

Conference Session

PCEE Technical Session 8: Engineering Design in Elementary School

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amber Simpson, State University of New York at Binghamton; Peter Knox, State University of New York at Binghamton

ship at Indiana University-Bloomington. She earned a Ph.D. in mathematics education from Clemson UniversityPeter N. Knox (Doctoral Candidate) Postdoctoral Fellow University of Vermont © American Society for Engineering Education, 2022 Powered by www.slayte.com A Study of Problem Exploration Heuristics of Families (Fundamental)AbstractTo meet the demands of science and engineering practices in K-12 education, elementarystudents are often engaged in well-defined problems as opposed to ill-defined authentic problemsand puzzling phenomena that mirror the work of professional engineers. In our research, weconsider the home environment as an alternative route to engage

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Evan Eyler, Northeastern University; Yide Song, Northeastern University

Paper ID #36484Viability of the Essential Leg Tremor Monitoring DeviceBala Maheswaran (Professor) Bala Maheswaran is currently a senior faculty in the College of Engineering, Northeastern University. He has contributed and authored over one hundred publications consisting of original research and education-related papers, and conference proceedings. He has over twenty years of experience in teaching at Northeastern University. He is the Chair of the Engineering Physics Division, ASEE, Chair and executive board member, ASEE NE Section; the co-chair of TASME Conference (Technological Advances in Science, Medicine and

Conference Session

Social Identities and STEM Experiences: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 6

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Peters, University of San Diego; Susan Lord, University of San Diego

engineering, includingthe more interdisciplinary and land-centered engineering of Native Hawaiian culture, is one wayto begin the movement away from efficiency and towards diversity [2], [4].FrameworkDr. Manulani Aluli Meyer, a Native Hawaiian scholar, conducted interviews with twenty notableNative Hawaiian educators. Through these interviews and her experiences as a Kanaka ‘Ōiwi(Native Hawaiian), she formulated seven themes to show how Native Hawaiians see knowledgeand the world: Spirituality and Knowing, That Which Feeds, The Cultural Nature of Senses,Relationship and Knowledge, Utility and Knowledge, Words and Knowledge, and TheBody-Mind Question [2]. These themes are not exhaustive of a Native Hawaiian epistemologybut explain some of the

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division: Approaches to Ethics Education (Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erin Henslee, Wake Forest University; Adetoun Yeaman, Wake Forest University; Joseph Wiinikka-Lydon, Wake Forest University

the Royal Society A:Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 376(2133), p.20180085.Zagzebski, L.T., “Virtues of the Mind: An Inquiry into the Nature of Virtue and the EthicalFoundations of Knowledge” Cambridge University Press. 1996, Cambridge, UK.Zawieska, K., 2020. Disengagement with ethics in robotics as a tacit form of dehumanisation. AI& SOCIETY, 35(4), pp.869-883.AACU, n.d. Ethical Reasoning VALUE Rubric, viewed 10, August, 2020,< https://www.aacu.org/initiatives/value-initiative/value-rubrics/value-rubrics-ethical-reasoning>National Center for Case Study Teaching in Science, University at Buffalo, viewed 5, Jan, 2022,< https://sciencecases.lib.buffalo.edu/>Supplemental InformationStudent Survey Questions1. What

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division Technical Session - Best Diversity Paper

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shuvra Das, University of Detroit Mercy

Paper ID #37544Experiences of students supported by an NSF S-STEM grantin a Robotics and Mechatronic Systems Engineering programShuvra Das (Professor) Dr. Shuvra Das started working at University of Detroit Mercy in January 1994 and is currently Professor of Mechanical Engineering. Over this time, he served in a variety of administrative roles such as Mechanical Engineering Department Chair, Associate Dean for Research and Outreach, and Director of International Programs in the college of Engineering and Science. He has an undergraduate degree in Mechanical Engineering from Indian Institute of Technology, Kharagpur

Conference Session

Engineering Physics and Physics Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Laetitia Khlat, Northeastern University

Paper ID #36514Self-Charging Heated Gloves: Physics of Mechanical Motiontowards Energy GenerationBala Maheswaran (Professor) Bala Maheswaran is currently a senior faculty in the College of Engineering, Northeastern University. He has contributed and authored over one hundred publications consisting of original research and education-related papers, and conference proceedings. He has over twenty years of experience in teaching at Northeastern University. He is the Chair of the Engineering Physics Division, ASEE, Chair and executive board member, ASEE NE Section; the co-chair of TASME Conference (Technological

Conference Session

PCEE Technical Session 6: Engineering Design in High School

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sherri Youssef, The Ohio State University; J. Hylton, Ohio Northern University; Todd France, Ohio Northern University; Patrick Herak, The Ohio State University; Bruce Wellman, Olathe Northwest High School

the EDVES, the VESAS, Carberry’sEngineering Design Self-Efficacy Scale, and the STEM-CIS were the primary contributors to itemcontent and wording in the EDVES while Eccles’ Expectancy-Value Theory grounded the attitude-focused items [3-6] [9-10]. Note that the three scales exhibited their own validity and reliabilityby their creators, and subsequently allowed us to ensure EDVES items were created withestablished, high-quality practices in mind. Upon assembling and finalizing all items, theinstrument was reviewed by two engineering faculty members and a psychometrician. Additionalrevision of the instrument was conducted upon receiving their feedback and gave rise to the currentform of the EDVES (see Appendix 1) where items measure expectancy

Conference Session

Pre-College Engineering Education Technical Session 7: Cybersecurity and Computing

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica McGill, CSEdResearch.org; Leigh Ann DeLyser; Stephanie Wortel-London; Angelica Thompson; Eric Snow; Luronne Vaval

Paper ID #37204Comparing Access and Participation Outcomes of SchoolsEngaged in a Multi-school CS and CybersecurityIntervention (Evaluation)Monica McGill (President & CEO) Dr. Monica McGill is the Founder, President, and CEO of CSEdResearch.org, a 501(c)(3) non-profit focused on improving K-12 Computer Science education for all children by enabling and disseminating exemplary, evidence-driven research.Angelica Thompson (Senior Education Researcher)Leigh Ann DeLyser (Executive Director)Stephanie B Wortel-London (Director of Research)Luronne Vaval © American Society for Engineering Education

Conference Session

WIED: Activities and Programs

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mayari Serrano, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Suzanne Zurn-Birkhimer, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

engagement, dedication, absorption, and vigor 9 . This state of mind islinked with burnout avoidance 9 . High Work Engagement is characterized by workers feelingpassionate, enthusiastic, and committed to their work 10 . Low Work Engagement is characterizedby lower energy levels, less eagerness to perform work-related tasks, less engagement withwork-related activities, lack of dedication, and burnout 9 .Social ResponsibilitySocial Responsibility is defined as an individual’s commitment to act with care and objectivity 11 .Canney and Bielefeldt 11 stated that socially responsible individuals are aware of how their actionsaffect others and they consider others’ perspectives.Women in Engineering Student WorkersEvery semester the Women in Engineering

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Integration of Engineering and/or Technical Rigor with Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Justice (DEIJ)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Manish Roy, University of Connecticut; Maria Chrysochoou, University of Connecticut; Connie Syharat, University of Connecticut

Paper ID #38005Redesigning Soil Mechanics as an Inclusive CourseManish Roy Manish Roy is an Assistant Professor in Residence in the department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at the University of Connecticut. He obtained his Bachelor of Engineering degree in Civil Engineering (Hons.) at Jadavpur University in India. He obtained his MS and Doctoral degree in Civil Engineering at the West Virginia University and the University of Connecticut, respectively. He worked for nine years in the industry as an engineer/manager in India and Bangladesh before starting his graduate study in the US. He started his career as

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Integration of Engineering and/or Technical Rigor with Diversity, Equity, Inclusion and Justice (DEIJ)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Wang, Carnegie Mellon University

. These questions weredesigned with the goal of assessing several critical facets of DEI, ranging from awareness aboutdiverse contributors to the field of computational science to beliefs about personal belongingwithin this field. The specific survey prompts are detailed in Table 1. Topic Assessed Specific Prompt(s) Awareness of Jot down the first few (< 5) names that come to mind when you think important members of a “computational scientist or engineer.” of field Sense of self- (1) I find that I am good with computers for everyday tasks. efficacy (2) I find that I am good with computing. (3) I find that I am good with mathematics. Beliefs about career (1) Computational

Conference Session

DEED Technical Session 4 Best in DEED

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Courtney Pfluger, Northeastern University; Sindia Rivera-Jimenez, University of Florida; Anastasia Hauser, University of Kentucky

Paper ID #37812A Comparative Study of Collaborative and Inclusive SkillsDevelopment in Capstone Design Teams at Three DifferentEngineering InstitutionsCourtney Pfluger (Teaching Professor) Dr. Courtney Pfluger took a position in Fall 2011 as an Assistant Teaching Professor at Northeastern University as a part of the First Year Engineering Faculty and affiliated Faculty in the Chemical Engineering Department. Dr. Pfluger redesigned and piloted the first-year curriculum which included engineering design and computational problem solving using the Engineering Grand Challenges as real-world applications of global

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Erika Mosyjowski, University of Michigan; Kelley Dugan, University of Michigan; Shanna Daly, University of Michigan; Colleen Seifert, University of Michigan; Elizabeth Pollack

. Journal of Mechanical Design, 141(3), 031103. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4042048[30] Linsey, J. S., Tseng, I., Fu, K., Cagan, J., Wood, K. L., & Schunn, C. (2010). A study of design fixation, its mitigation and perception in engineering design faculty. Journal of Mechanical Design, Transactions of the ASME, 132(4).[31] Kokotovich, V. (2008). Problem analysis and thinking tools: an empirical study of non- hierarchical mind mapping. Design studies, 29(1), 49-69.[32] Dinar, M., Shah, J. J., Cagan, J., Leifer, L., Linsey, J., Smith, S. M., & Hernandez, N. V. (2015). Empirical studies of designer thinking: past, present, and future. Journal of Mechanical Design, 137(2), 021101.[33] Lee, J. W., Daly, S. R