Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oleksandr Kravchenko, Old Dominion University; Konstantin Cigularov, Old Dominion University; Phillip Dillulio

. Additionally, wedescribe the instructional efforts and approaches taken by faculty to resolve the practicalchallenges because of the pandemic. Student perceptions of faculty effectiveness and supportwere examined by analyzing means and frequencies of survey items. Results revealed that onaverage, engineering students were positive in their perceptions of the effectiveness andresources/support provided by their professors/instructors during the COVID-19 pandemic.Qualitative data from an open-ended question where coded and quantified. The theme thatemerged most frequently reflected engineering students’ need for professors/instructors todemonstrate flexibility/leniency with assignments, quizzes, exams, and deadlines. This shortpaper provides critical

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pavlo Antonenko; Zhen Xu; Do Hyong Koh; Christine Wusylko, University of Florida; Kara Dawson; Swarup Bhunia; Amber Benedict

thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2012). We first converged data from both qualitativedata sources. Then, we followed the six steps for conducting thematic analysis suggested byBraun and Clarke (2012) and generated themes reflecting students' learning and evolvingawareness of cryptology and cybersecurity careers.ResultsStudent learning of cryptology and cybersecurityWe used a paired samples t-test to compare the learning assessment scores from the pretest andthe posttest. The result indicated a statistically significant difference between the mean scores onthe pretest and posttest (Mpre = 5.51, SDpre = 1.79, Mpost = 7.46, SDpos t= 2.39, t = 9.07, df = 143, p< 0.001). The effect size was large with Cohen's d = 0.76. Qualitative data served

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Asghar, Utah State University; Angela Minichiello, Utah State University; Anika Banerjee, Georgia Institute of Technology; Ebenezer Ewumi, Washington State University; Candis Claiborn, Washington State University; Olusola Adesope, Washington State University

submission at 2023ASEE Annual Conference reflecting on recommendations and broader observations from theoverall project is also anticipated. Acknowledgement This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. 1927218. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of National Sciencefoundation. References[1] C. McEntee, "STEM Supports 67% of U.S. Jobs - Eos", Eos, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://eos.org/agu-news/stem-supports-67-of-u-s-jobs.[2] R. Varma, "U.S. science and engineering workforce

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Fogarty, California State University, Sacramento; Robin Altman, California State University, Sacramento; Jennifer Lundmark

Leadership Program supported by the grant united both pilot leadershipprograms into a single, experiential platform grounded in the Social Change Model forLeadership Development (SCM) theoretical framework. This framework develops leadersthrough a process that results in social change through values-based reflection and action at threelevels: 1) individual (consciousness of self, congruence, commitment); 2) group (collaboration,common purpose, controversy with civility); 3) and community (citizenship) (Komives et al.2017). Students voluntarily engage in the Hornet Leadership Program from their freshman tosenior year by participating in one or more of the four different leadership experiences shown inFigure 1. The leadership learning experiences

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Houshang Darabi, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Peter Nelson, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Shanon Reckinger, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Jeremiah Abiade; Renata Revelo, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Anthony E. Felder, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Rezvan Nazempour, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Betul Bilgin, The University of Illinois at Chicago; Didem Ozevin, The University of Illinois at Chicago

]. The implementation of an introductory course and its impact onstudents’ academic success and retention was also published to an educational conference [5].Also, the structure of the industry mentorship program for undergraduate students was acceptedby an engineering education journal.ConclusionsWe have recruited 47 scholars across three different cohorts. Our scholars come from a diverseset of backgrounds, which reflects the diversity of the campus and Chicagoland. One of thecohort I scholars has already graduated and started a job and other 46 students are currentlycontinuing their engineering degree programs. Since all the continuing students have been passedthree semesters of their studies, the project has a 94 percent first-year retention

Conference Session

Virtual and Augmented Reality Applications in Manufacturing Education

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aditya Akundi, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Hamid Eisazadeh; Mona Torabizadeh, Old Dominion University

harsh environment of the welding process due to its smoke, heavywelding torch, heat, and high-density light. This technology provides a safe environment forstudents, which is very important for beginners who have never welded prior to this class. Theother benefit for the ET department was that a significant material and cost were saved sinceaugmented reality welding systems only use electricity. Overall, students reflected very positivefeedback verbally and in writing at the end of semester. Authors are aware that there are many variables that could affect the results of thiscomparison, such as students' age difference in the two groups, the population of students, genders,dominant hand, average number of hours that student spends per

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Wendell, Tufts University; Jessica Watkins, Vanderbilt University; Natalie De Lucca, Vanderbilt University; Tyrine Jamella Pangan, Tufts University; Rae Woodcock; Chelsea Andrews, Tufts University

their perspectives Talks that reflect on ● SWBAT make connections between how the different multiple stakeholders’ perspectives might be Should-we/ perspectives and in conflict, or in alignment Who and what is affected by Impact Talks relationships of those ● SWBAT notice anthropocentric, and the building of a telescope? who may be impacted Western ideological orientations of by a design perception ● SWBAT notice histories, processes, and/or relations of power.1

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laila Guessous, Oakland University; Dan DelVescovo, Oakland University; Darlene Groomes, Oakland University

organize several Zoom meetings for the studentparticipants with professionals from the automotive industry, including several former REUstudents. The use of Zoom was more convenient for many of these busy professionals who didnot have to drive to campus and hence had more scheduling flexibility. It also allowed us toinvite speakers from out of state who might not have otherwise been able to meet with thestudents. While the level of student engagement and casual conversation with the industryspeakers was not the same in a virtual setting as it typically is in-person, the mere act of exposingstudents to a variety of role models and career paths is still critical, particularly when dealingwith first generation college students. This is reflected in

Conference Session

Graduate Studies Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lacy White, University of Texas at Austin; Carly Eressy, University of Texas at Austin

African-American identifying students areunderrepresented by nearly ten percentage points, and Asian identifying students areoverrepresented. Despite our institution’s recent designation as a Hispanic Serving Institution(HSI) by the Department of Education, our program’s Hispanic identifying students are alsounderrepresented.ApproachIn the past four years, our philosophy toward admissions shifted to a focus on active recruitment.Research highlights the importance of fostering the confidence of diversity groups in academiaby establishing personal connections, encouraging a community-based ethos between currentlyenrolled students, faculty, and potential applicants, and reflecting an institutional commitment todiversity [7]. Doctoral programs might

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carly Eressy, University of Texas at Austin; Brittain Sobey, University of Texas at Austin; Margo Cousins, University of Texas at Austin

, Question #40, “What did you feel you were lacking ininterviews?” is limited to those who select one of the options categorized as industry. In 2017,Question #40 was open to all respondents regardless of their answer to Question #25. For thesake of consistency in the data due to the varying display logic of these questions among thesurvey years, only 2018-2021 data is reviewed here.ABET updated the SOs from a-k to 1-7 beginning in the 2019-2020 cycle. Because the 2017 and2018 data reflect SOs a-k, those years are not included in this analysis.DiscussionThe exit survey distributed to all seniors enrolled in the final capstone design course has been aneffective tool used to collect data from graduating students over the past five years with anaverage

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division - Changing How We Teach: Flipping, Project-Based Learning, and More!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Karim, Kennesaw State University; Sanjeev Adhikari, Kennesaw State University

management courses with bonus points for the in-class problem solving relatedto each topic of the course. The survey questions are presented in Figure 2. The first two questionswere asked to understand the students’ perceptions and attitudes about the course content andalignment. The third question introduced the active learning concept and its effect. Q.1. Did tests reflect the material covered in the class? a. Excellent (5) b. Above Average (4) c. Average (3) d. Below Average (2) e. Very Poor (1) Q.2. Is there a good agreement between the course outline and the course content? a. Excellent (5) b. Above Average (4) c. Average (3

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 4: Student-centered Learning and Teaching Methodologies

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alex Phan, University of California, San Diego; Huihui Qi, University of California, San Diego

learning outcome of the students.DiscussionThe results from the undergraduate Statics and Dynamics course show that video assignmentscan facilitate peer discussion and enhance students’ understanding of a subject. In particular,video assignments in the form of group discussions allow students to explain the concepts totheir peers and receive feedback. The feedback probes their thought process and encouragesthem to rethink their reasoning and problem-solving approach. Moreover, listening to others andproviding feedback requires in-depth thinking and creates an opportunity for higher orderthinking and mastery of the material. This is reflected in the learning outcomes of the students inthe Statics and Dynamics course and the results from their

Conference Session

ECE Division Technical Session 8: Effective Teaching and Learning in Post-Pandemic Classrooms and Other Curricular Innovations

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adel Al Weshah, University of Georgia; Ruba Alamad, Kennesaw State University

strategy used toimprove processes. It has five phases: Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control(DMAIC). The letters in the acronym represent the five phases that make up the process,including the tools to use to complete those phases. The first step was to rewrite the Six Sigmaphases to reflect the higher educational process (Figure 1). 1. Define: Identify the objective and clarify students needs

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maya Menon, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Andrew Katz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Marie Paretti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

methods in which sustainability isintegrated in engineering courses and the discipline that focuses most in engineering educationfor SD.Figure 2: Complete Heterogeneous Map NetworkFigure 2a: Enlarged Heterogeneous Map Network (top half)Figure 2b: Enlarged Heterogeneous Map Network (bottom half)DiscussionWhile engineering education research has been exploring ways to incorporate sustainabledevelopment effectively, the results of this study indicate an uneven distribution in engineeringdisciplines and SD topics. Civil engineering appears the most in the ASEE papers related toEESD. This indicates that there is a stronger association between SD and civil engineering thanother engineering disciplines. This association could be a reflection on the

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wanju Huang, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Frederick Berry, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Marisa Exter, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Ryan Wynkoop

simple interventionto help students improve the quality of their feedback and improve the peer feedback process.Impact and Benefit of Peer FeedbackOne could assume the benefit and impact of peer feedback are one-sided, with only the studentreceiving the feedback benefiting. However, Kim [8] suggested that peer assessment provides anopportunity for learning by both the student conducting the assessment (assessor) and the studentreceiving the feedback (assessee). The act of peer assessment requires students to thinkreflectively and “use their knowledge and skills to review, clarify and correct others’ work” [8].Nicol et al. (2014) echoed this, noting that the value of peer assessment comes not only from thestudent reflecting on their own

Conference Session

Minorities in Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Austin Peters, University of San Diego

engineeringeducation research, I realized that my cultural heritage is of worth in academia, especially inengineering. When I reflect on these events that helped me to rediscover how my cultural andengineering identities can elevate each other, it goes back to my genealogy. I wanted to becomean engineer to tie the perspectives of my ancestors into my work for the betterment of the planetand all things that inhabit it. This ʻāina-based perspective lives through me and the places thatmy ancestors have thrived. Bringing their story back is where my cultural identity fits into theengineering space and will continue. This concept goes back to the ʻŌlelo Noʻeau (HawaiianProverb) “I Ka Wā Ma Mua, I Ka Wā Ma Hope” that translates to “the future is secured in thepast

Conference Session

LEES Session 8: Care and Commitments

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Mallette, Boise State University

werefocused on allowing the participants to tell the stories they wished to share. Interviews took placeover Zoom or in-person and were recorded.After the completion of the interviews, audio files were uploaded to AI transcription software forinitial transcription and then edited for accuracy. Because the transcription software tends toremove verbal hesitations (such as ah or um), the researcher added those back in if it served ameaningful function in communicating thinking or hesitation. In this paper, some verbalhesitations were left out and quotations were lightly edited for clarity. Bracketed ellipses ([…])were used to note where content was edited out. Overall, efforts were made to ensure thequotations reflected the speaking style of the

Conference Session

ERM: Let's Talk about Tests! (Tests Part 1)

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bruno Korst, University of Toronto; Dan Wolczuk, University of Waterloo; Daniel Smilek, University of Waterloo

interaction (F(1, 117)=.87, p=0.35) reached statistical significance. Figure 2. Mean quiz performance (%) as a function of having received the Informational Message (IM vs. NIM) and the Difficulty Order (First Question Easy vs. Hard) of the first question. The error bars reflect one standard error of the mean.We also examined whether the inclusion of the informational message about the testing effectinfluenced performance on the midterm and the final exam. The mean scores on the midterm foreach Informational Message group and the scores on the final for each of the two groups areshown in Figure 3. The scores were entered into an Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) withInformational Message (IM vs. NIM) as a between-participant factor and

Conference Session

WIED: Analysis, Challenges, Success, and Impacts

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Coleen Carrigan, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Liesl Folks, The University of Arizona; LAURENE TUMIEL BERHALTER, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Nancy Schiller, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York

case study method to provide women STEM graduate students witheducational materials on how to recognize and confront discrimination, both interpersonally andorganizationally. Our skills-based program promotes the internalization of learning and thedevelopment of analytical and decision-making skills, as well as proficiency in oralcommunication and teamwork. The core of the training program is a set of ten peer-reviewed casestudies, with detailed facilitation guides, which explore issues related to gender-based bias,harassment and discrimination in the STEM workplace. Each case study is coupled with discussionquestions for individual and group reflection, for which the accompanying facilitation guidesprovides possible answers for those leading

Conference Session

ERM: ERM Medley Session!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tina Wang; Laura Jun Chee Yong, Pennsylvania State University; Allison Godwin, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Linda Hanagan, Pennsylvania State University

, atool is planned to be developed to measure middle school identity-based motivation. AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.2106264. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions are recommendations expressed in thismaterial are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National ScienceFoundation. Additional Support has been provided by an internal seed grant from the Penn StateCollege of Engineering. SCCT

Conference Session

Educational Research and Methods (ERM) Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gaurav Nanda, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Siqing Wei, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Matthew Ohland, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Andrew Katz, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Christopher Brinton, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Powered by www.slayte.comWork-in-Progress: Using Latent Dirichlet Allocation to uncover themes instudent comments from peer evaluations of teamworkAbstract: This work-in-process research paper investigates common themes in peer-to-peer comments ofteamwork behavior effectiveness collected with peer evaluations in engineering student teams in three timehorizons – prior to COVID-19 pandemic, early phase of pandemic, and mature phase of pandemic.Constructive feedback is imperative to maintaining healthy team climate and dynamic, which facilitatespositive individual and team learning outcomes. Asking engineering students to provide self- and peer-evaluation feedback in comments accomplishes multiple objectives. Students reflect on teammates’behavior

Conference Session

Investigations Using Calculus Courses

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University

of charge that a mobile phone can absorb is limited by an upper level asdisplayed in Figure 15. Theoretically, it never reaches maximum charge, but it gets very close toits limit. Figure 15: Cell Phone Charge as it Approaches Limit of Maximum Charge4. MathTwo-mirrors By staring at your own reflecion using two parrallel mirrors, each image will reflect offthe other, creating the appearance of an infinite number of images, each of which becomessmaller by the same scale factor relative to the previous image. As the number of reflectionsapproaches infinity, the size of the image approaches the limit of zero. Figure 16: Image Size Approaching Limit of Zero as Number of Reflections IncreaseGeometry This is a classic

Conference Session

ERM: Systematic Reviews!

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexander Struck Jannini; Zeynep Akdemir, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Muhsin Menekse, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

the interesting aspects of this subgroup was the particular focus onengineering and science. Compared to other studies in the previous subgroups, all the studies inthe third batch emphasized engineering and science students’ achievement motivation. The maintakeaway was that female college students had high self-efficacy, and their choice of masterygoals contributed to their persistence in both engineering and science (Deemer et al., 2016;Jagacinski, 2013; Gatz et al., 2019; Verdin et al., 2015). It should be noted that their achievementmotivation was adversely affected by stereotyping and fear of failure.DiscussionOverall, our systematic review results highlight that the understanding and the reflection of sexdifferences on STEM-based

Conference Session

ERM: Mentoring for Everyone! And Let's talk about Graduate Students

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derrick Satterfield, University of Nevada, Reno; Mackenzie Parker, University of Nevada, Reno; Matthew Bahnson, North Carolina State University at Raleigh; Heather Perkins, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI); Marissa Tsugawa, Utah State University - Engineering Education; Cheryl Cass; Kelsey Scalaro, University of Nevada, Reno; Adam Kirn, University of Nevada, Reno

, described in Table 2. These subconstructs are derived from the High-PerformanceCycle of goal-setting theory [9], [10].Table 2. Definitions of the goal-setting subconstructs [9], [10]. Construct Description Goal Commitment The extent to which an individual wants to achieve their goal. If an individual has a plan for reaching their goal, how appropriate Strategy they perceive the plan to be, and how much they reflect on the goal. Feedback and The feedback that an individual gets within their job and the amount Supervisory Support and form of resources from a boss or supervisor. The systematic structures within a company or

Conference Session

ERM: Persistence and Attrition in Engineering

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kanembe Shanachilubwa, Pennsylvania State University; Catherine Berdanier, Pennsylvania State University; Gabriella Sallai, Pennsylvania State University

accurately reflect theirexperiences [33], [35].Discussion & ConclusionAs institutional characteristics can profoundly influence student socialization, we will also consider thedifferent socialization experiences of students who attended different universities. For example, studentswho attended undergraduate institutions that primarily serve underrepresented racial and ethnicpopulations encounter different socialization processes than those who attended predominantly whiteinstitutions [30]. This study seeks to remain grounded in the Socialization of individual students and isnot intended to compare different institutional cultures or McNair programs. However, we acknowledgethat the culture of a student's undergraduate institution will influence

Conference Session

Mathematics Division Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Edalgo, Clemson University; Karen High, Clemson University

research-intensive institution reflect on and understand their transition experience? To what do they attribute to their success and/or lack of during the transition experience?This paper will focus on RQ1 by preliminary results provided by a previously conducted pilotstudy using RQ1 as a guide.Conceptual Framework DiscussionIn this study, we are conceptualizing transfer students in Calculus 2 as students that have takenCalculus 1 elsewhere at a non-R1 institution. In order to address the research question, we need aframework that illustrates the perception of transitions and other components of transitioningexperiences. We will be using Schlossberg’s Transition Framework and Tinto’sDeparture/Persistence Framework to frame the study

Conference Session

Student Division Technical 2: Instruction & Learning Delivery

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Haleh Brotherton, Clemson University; Marisa Orr, Clemson University; Jessica Manning, Clemson University

to determine whatcriteria are essential to them in all cases. Additionally, they can save each decision activity forfuture reflection on their decision-making process.Positive PsychologyMental Health plays a crucial role in students’ academic lives. Through Positive Psychologyfeatures, students would be able to track and log their moods. Furthermore, they would be able toconduct voluntary and confidential positive psychology exercises such as breathing exercises,mindfulness, and focusing on positivity.Looking forwardIn our future work, we would like to be able to implement the dashboard for students to getfeedback on the improvements we could make to assist them in their academic careers further.We do not intend to use this dashboard to

Conference Session

Faculty Development Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arun Srinivasa, Texas A&M University; Andreas Polycarpou, Texas A&M University; Emma Edoga, Texas A&M University; Mindy Bergman; M Cynthia Hipwell, Texas A&M University; David Seets, Texas A&M University

create a community of practice in each of the majorcore classes in the second and third years of the curriculum (the first year is shared across all engineeringdegrees), with the goal of having at least one cycle of the Build-Test-Reflect-Share pedagogical cyclecarried out in each of these classes and the results widely disseminated by the end of the grant period.Additionally, we are conducting at least one educational retreat per year with the aim of further developinga departmental shared vision for teaching innovation. As the project continues, report-outs from establishedcommunities of practice will be given. Further, the department provides support for change by providingincentives to encourage early attempts at innovation and dissemination

Conference Session

Community Engagement Division Technical Session 2 - Community Engagement without Frontiers

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George Hunt, University of Nebraska - Lincoln; Matthew Williamson, University of Nebraska - Lincoln

realistic projects as part oftheir educational preparation. As early as 1997, engineering faculty were noted for using realproject sites for capstone projects. These were still typically simulations without engagementwith real client-stakeholders [1]. Service learning is a ‘credit-bearing, educational experience inwhich students participate in an organized service activity that meets identified community needsand reflect on the service activity in such a way as to gain further understanding of coursecontent, a broader appreciation of the discipline, and an enhanced sense of civic responsibility”[2]. Participation in service learning has been showing to positively impact various studentoutcomes including enhancing student curiosity, connecting

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division: Integrating Design Across the BioE/BME Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Holly Golecki, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Karin Jensen, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Sara Lamer, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign; Calvin Costner, Advanced Design & Manufacturing Institute; Sara Vohra; Isabel Miller, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign

(n = 3) made it very apparent that stress Allowed for reflection (n = 2) was affecting me, but also that there were easy ways like meditation to manage it” Not Useful “… I only ever saw heart rate and Data was not meaningful (n = 8) pulse oxygen data which was not Already aware without device (n = 6) direct enough for me to feel it Data was inconsistent (n = 4) was showing the stress in my life.”Understanding Design FeaturesA majority of students (n = 55) found the devices to be helpful in gaining a better understandingof design features, with multiple students mentioning