Conference Session

LEAD Technical Session 1: Fostering Leadership Identity Development and DEI in Engineering Students and Professionals

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Chan; Cindy Rottmann, University of Toronto; Emily Moore, University of Toronto; Dimpho Radebe, University of Toronto

identity has been variously explored within engineeringeducation research. The literature has examined the influence of identity on student retention [1],[2], interrogated the gendered nature of engineering identity formation [3], [4], andconceptualized leadership identity development within engineering education [5]. In recent years,we have seen increasing attention on the need to incorporate leadership development as part ofengineering education and to recognize engineering as a leadership profession [6]–[8].Accordingly, engineering leadership identity, for its assumed relationship with the practice anddevelopment of leadership, has been a recent focus within engineering education research [9]–[11].Through this study, we contribute to the

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the STEM Box: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Piyush Pradhananga; Mohamed Elzomor, Florida International University

of culture in communication. Then, during the training, studentswere introduced to topics such as: (1) key concepts of race, culture, and ethnicity; (2) identifydifferences between diversity, inclusion, and equity; (3) concepts of unconscious biases and theirimpact on people; and (4) concepts of microaggression. After the training, all the students whoparticipated in the training completed the post-course survey as well. The pre-survey resultsindicated that more than 50 percent of students are not familiar with the concepts of unconsciousbiases. The results of the McNemar test indicated that guided training related to unconsciousbiases significantly improves students' understanding of systemic racism and ways to addresssocial sustainability

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 1: Experiential Learning in Fluids, Structures, and Course/Lab Design

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farhad Reza, Minnesota State University, Mankato

variation of natural frequency with stiffness; andto familiarize students with advanced applications in structural health monitoring.The experiment is tied to one important application in the structural health monitoring of bridges.The theoretical natural frequency of a bridge is of the form of equation 1 kω= (1) mwhere k is the stiffness and m is mass. As the structural condition of the bridge deteriorates withtime, its stiffness decreases while mass remains constant. Even if mass were to change, forexample due to an overlay, it can easily be quantified. Therefore, it follows that if the naturalfrequency is measured annually, the

Conference Session

LEAD Technical Session 1: Fostering Leadership Identity Development and DEI in Engineering Students and Professionals

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Komarek, University of Colorado Boulder; Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado Boulder

ten years, leadership has gained attention as a necessary skill for graduatingengineering students. This is exemplified by the increasing numbers of engineering leadershipdevelopment programs [1], the addition of a leadership development division within theAmerican Society for Engineering Education in 2014 [2], and the inclusion of leadership in therevised ABET Criterion 3 outcomes [3]. Rationale for this influx of engineering leadershipdevelopment educational opportunities includes calls from industry, the National ResearchCouncil [4] and professional engineering societies such as the American Society of MechanicalEngineers [5] and the National Society of Professional Engineers [6]. These organizationsacknowledge the increasing complexity of

Conference Session

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies Division Technical Session 1: Experiential Learning in Fluids, Structures, and Course/Lab Design

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jim Sizemore, Mesa Community College

of the post-COVID hybridclasses compared to pre-COVID face-to-face classes. Generic student evaluations showed a markedimprovement, likely indicating that students enjoyed the new structure, including labs. Also, studentshad to write free form lab reports and their communication skills improved markedly as the semesterprogressed. I. IntroductionExperiential learning, that is, laboratories, internships, service learning, etc., are valuable experiencesthat improve student learning, motivation, and success, including engineering students [1], [2], [6], [5].Due to the recognized value of labs, major science teaching societies publish position statementssupporting labs in instruction [8], [9]. However, the valuable lab learning experience is

Conference Session

LEAD Technical Session 1: Fostering Leadership Identity Development and DEI in Engineering Students and Professionals

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katreena Thomas, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus

Engineers in Leadership Participation in engineering for Black students has been stagnantly low for several yearsnow [1], despite the heightened attention towards diversity and inclusion in the field. One areawhere this trend is especially prevalent is within engineering leadership. When you think ofBlack leaders, do any Black engineering leaders come to mind? There has been a recent uptick inCEOs with engineering backgrounds, such as Amazon's Jeff Bezos, Apple's Tim Cook, andAlphabet's Larry Page. In 2009, Ursula Burns became the first Black woman engineer CEO of aFortune 500 company when she took on the role with IBM. However, when she left her positionin 2016, she left a void of Black engineers occupying the C-suite of major companies

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 1: Student Success Boot Camps, Summer Bridge Programs, and Living Learning Communities

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eleazar Marquez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Noe Vargas Hernandez, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley; Arturo Fuentes, The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley

Opportunities to Orient Students in their Transition) onboarding bootcamp forincoming and transfer students in the College of Engineering and Computer Science (CECS) atThe University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV), a predominantly Hispanic ServingInstitution (HSI) and one of the newest universities in the state of Texas and the United States.I.1 UTRGV BackgroundUTRGV consolidates the former University of Texas-Pan American (UTPA) with the Universityof Texas at Brownsville (UTB) and is now the second largest federally certified HSI of highereducation in the United States, with a student population of more than 32,000, almost of 90% ofwhom are Hispanic, mainly Mexican American due to the region’s proximity to Mexico. Statisticaldata defines UTRGV as

Conference Session

First-Year Programs Division Technical Session 1: Student Success Boot Camps, Summer Bridge Programs, and Living Learning Communities

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miriam Howland Cummings, University of Colorado Denver; Maryam Darbeheshti, University of Colorado Denver; Stephanie Ivey, The University of Memphis; Craig Stewart; David Russomanno, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Danny King, Indiana University - Purdue University Indianapolis; Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado Denver; James Campbell, The University of Memphis; Tom Altman; Michael Jacobson, University of Colorado Denver; Gregory Simon, University of Colorado Denver

. Finally, recommendations for other institutionsseeking to launch or refine similar programming are shared.Background: The Urban STEM CollaboratoryThe Summer Bridge programs described take place at three public urban research universitiesparticipating in an NSF S-STEM project called the Urban STEM Collaboratory [1]. The purposeof the Urban STEM Collaboratory is to award scholarships of up to $10,000 per year toacademically talented students majoring in engineering or mathematics who have financialneed. Students receiving this S-STEM scholarship are referred to as Urban STEM Scholars(Scholars). These three institutions share some commonalities in how they execute the UrbanSTEM Collaboratory at their individual campuses, while also engaging in some

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the STEM Box: Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Valle, University of Michigan - Ann Arbor; Amy Slaton, Drexel University; Donna Riley, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

within intellectual courage. --Dylan Rodríguez (2012, p. 812) [1] My position is impossible, a colonialist-by-product of empire, with decolonizing desires. I am, and maybe you are too, a produced colonist. I am also a by-product of colonization. As a colonialist scrap, I desire against the assemblage that made me. This impossibility motivates this analysis, which seeks not to resolve colonialist dilemmas but to acknowledge that they include specific machined privileges that may be put to work in the service of decolonizations. --la paperson (p. xxiii) [2]In the 2017 book, A Third University Is Possible, la paperson [2] offers a technological analysisof the machinery and assemblages

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tobi West, Dakota State University

forensics and incident response. The synergy between theprojects has shown an increase in female participation in the digital forensics course and helpedbuild interest in cybersecurity careers among K-12 students.1. IntroductionAccording to recent projections, by 2025, the cost of cybercrime will increase to $10.5 trillionglobally [1]. Additionally, impacts on emotional and mental health are among the many untoldcosts of cyberviolence, which range from online sexual exploitation and threats of violence tocyberstalking, bullying, and harassment [2] [3]. Ransomware attacks that cease operations andseize data are of particular concern because of the potential for loss of life at scales both smalland large when the attack targets are hospitals, 911

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Alexander, California State University, Chico; Michael Kotar, California State University, Chico; JoAna Brooks, California State University, Chico

at the next generation of college graduates, the workforce is drastically different thanit was only twenty years ago. Almost half of the workforce will be freelance by 2027 [1] andover 65% of the jobs today did not exist 25 years ago [2]. The need to be flexible, think broadly,identify opportunities, be creative and innovative are requirements of almost any profession nowand into the future [3] and [4]. U.S. Bureau of Labor and Statistics projects 10.5% growth inSTEM fields from 2020 to 2030 [5]. However, under-represented groups remain under-represented in STEM fields especially in engineering. A Pew Research Center study showedBlack and Hispanic workers represent 9% and 8% of the STEM workforce compared to theirshare of all employed U.S

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan McSpedon, Rice University; Margaret Beier, Rice University; Brittany Bradford, Rice University; Michael Wolf

Strategies forLearning Questionnaire [1] , adapted to be specific to the domain of STEM courses. Findingswere contrary to expectations. Perceptions of STEM self-efficacy did not significantly differbetween program participants and non-participants. Participation in the program changedparticipant’s sense of STEM self-efficacy such that STEM self-efficacy was higher immediatelyafter completing the summer portion of the program than before participating in the summerportion of the program, when controlling for scores on a diagnostic exam of STEM skills andconceptual prior knowledge (n= 195; t = 2.52, p =.03). Implications for intervention participationand possible future directions are discussed.IntroductionImproving rates of undergraduate degree

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brittain Sobey, University of Texas at Austin; Ariel Chasen, University of Texas at Austin; Maura Borrego, University of Texas at Austin; Thomas Lindsey, University of Texas; Laura Suggs, University of Texas at Austin; Mia Markey, University of Texas at Austin

. Biomaterials, biomolecular engineering, and drug deliverycommunity of undergraduate research • Develop methods to determine how much drug is getting intoScholars. The National Cancer Institute the target organ/tumor. • Develop new methods to administer drugs other than(1) has identified barriers to achieving intravenously.progress in cancer research and strategic • Develop nanotechnology methods to overcome hydrostaticactions needed to overcome those pressure that blocks delivery of drugs. • Use nanoparticles to study cell internalization pathways tobarriers. Our Site introduces

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shetay Ashford-Hanserd, Texas State University; Lillianna Franco Carrera

), 50% of the STEMworkforce, but only 15% of the computing (i.e., computer and information sciences) workforce [1], [2].Historically underrepresented minority (HURM) women, particularly Black and Hispanic women, represent16% of the overall U.S. population, yet HURMs in general represent 16.73% of the STEM workforce andapproximately 23% of the computing workforce [2]. While the percentages of Black and Hispanic women inthe STEM and computing (STEM+C) workforces are unknown, their underrepresentation in these workforcesis apparent. Furthermore, Black and Hispanic women, and other HURMs, are underrepresented in U.S.computing education at every postsecondary computing degree level, particularly at the graduate level [3].Since Black and Hispanic

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brittany Fasy; Joseph Chipps, Montana State University - Bozeman; Stacey Hancock, Montana State University - Bozeman; Aayushi Dangol; Kristin Searle, Utah State University; Colby Tofel-Grehl, Utah State University; Aubrey Rogowski, Utah State University; Mengying Jiang, Utah State University

participatory design approach. Through physical computing, students create a visual narrative of their own stories inspired by ledger art, an American Indian art medium for recording lived experiences. We discuss the affordances and challenges of an integrated approach to CS teaching and learning in elementary and middle schools in Montana.1 IntroductionThe recent development of Montana’s computer science (CS) standards introduces a state-widemomentum to expand computer science education to all students across the state. However, notevery school has a teacher who specializes in CS, and many schools do not offer CS courses. Assuch, embedding CS into other content areas is essential for all students to experience CS content.At the same

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Massood Towhidnejad, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; James Pembridge, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Omar Ochoa, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Radu Babiceanu, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Daytona Beach; Erin Chernak, The University of Texas at Arlington

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Moreland; Tyamo Okosun, Purdue University Northwest; Armin Silaen; Kyle Toth, Purdue University Northwest; Chenn Zhou, Purdue University Northwest

implementation of the lesson plans in the classroom, field trips,networking activities, presenting research career information to students, and surveying studentson their interest in pursuing STEM activities and related careers.IntroductionOver the past few decades, technological advances throughout nearly all industries have increasedthe need for education and occupations that emphasize science, technology, engineering, andmathematics (STEM) [1-3]. Unfortunately, only around 16% of high school seniors are bothproficient in math and interested in STEM fields [4]. Only 17% of bachelor’s degrees awarded toU.S. citizens are in STEM fields [5], and roughly 30% of chemistry and physics teachers in U.S.public high schools did not major in these fields and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marian Kennedy, Clemson University; Christopher Kitchens, Clemson University; Joseph Santaniello; Spencer Davenport, Clemson University; Kaitlynn Conway, Clemson University; William Ferriell, Clemson University

(Olsen2016). While other S-STEM programs have looked at increasing research preparedness ofstudents (Graham 2017) or offered some scholarship recipients an option of participating inresearch (Chatterjee, 2021), this is the first to require scholarship recipients to participate in atwo-semester research experience after matriculating to the research university site.These 1-credit research courses are designed by the graduate student fellows who have eithercompleted their MS degrees or have finished their qualifying exams for an engineering orcomputing program. These graduate students work with the SPECTRA program faculty andtheir dissertation advisors to propose and implement these research courses. While there are nolimitations on the type of

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Merriweather, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Niesha Douglas; Cathy Howell, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Anna Sanczyk

, Latine, Native American, Native Pacific Islander, and Native Hawaiianpeople groups are not well represented in STEM education and in the STEM profession. Whenconsidering Black students specifically, evidence shows that despite representing 14.2% of thepopulation [1], they accounted for just 9% of all STEM professionals which includes healthrelated occupations like physicians, and 7% of all bachelor’s and doctoral STEM degrees [2].The Hechinger Report [3] suggests that there has been an overall decline in the number of Blackstudents earning STEM degrees from previous years. It is clear Black students areunderrepresented in STEM.For over 150 years Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) have played a key rolein educating Black

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy Straub, North Dakota State University

thesummer of 2020. The paper compares the results of operating in a hybrid mode with two yearsof in-person operations and one year of virtual operations. It discusses the lessons learned whenoperating in the hybrid mode and makes recommendations for future hybrid REUimplementations.1. IntroductionThis paper reports on year four of the operations and presents assessment of a cybersecurity-focused research experience for undergraduates (REU) programs site in the summer of 2021.Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the site operated in a hybrid mode during this summer afteroperating entirely virtually during the summer of 2020. As this year is the final year of theaward (which was extended by a year due to a participant count reduction during year three dueto

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Streiner, University of Pittsburgh; Daniel Burkey, University of Connecticut; Michael Young, University of Connecticut; Richard Cimino, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Jennifer Pascal, University of Connecticut; Kevin Dahm, Rowan University

engineering over the past twodecades, although disagreement exists concerning how ethics can and should be taught in theclassroom. With active learning strategies becoming a preferred method of instruction, acollaboration of authors from four universities (University of Pittsburgh, University ofConnecticut, Rowan University and New Jersey Institute of Technology) are investigating howgame-based or playful learning with strongly situated components can influence first-yearengineering students’ ethical knowledge, awareness, and decision making.This paper offers an overview and results of the progress to date of this three year, NSF ImprovingUndergraduate STEM Education (IUSE) grant that aims to (1) characterize the ethical awarenessand decision making

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cory Brozina, Youngstown State University - Rayen School of Engineering

support in time of greater need.Aggregated across community, 2-year, 4-year colleges and universities nontraditional students’(NTS) made up approximately 75% of the undergraduate student population between 1995 and2012, according to data from NCES [1]. There is an inconsistent way in which nontraditionalstudents are defined across the literature, however Horn [2] has put forth a definition thatincludes seven characteristics associated with nontraditional students which focus on enrollmentcriteria, financial and family status, and high school graduation status. The characteristics shownin Table 1 include: (1) Delayed enrollment by a year or more after high school, (2) attended part-time, (3) having dependents, (4) being a single parent, (5

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cedrick Kwuimy, University of Cincinnati; So Yoon Yoon, University of Cincinnati; Sheryl Sorby, University of Cincinnati; Stephanie Farrell, Rowan University

data collection. However, the intended plan of action is givenbelow. We requested and received a year extension from the NSF Program manager.Theoretical FrameworkAs the theoretical framework for this project, we hypothesize that there is an association betweenengineering students’ personality attributes with experiential learning theory and transformativelearning theory as shown in Figure 1. Figure 1. Hypothesized Associations Between Personality Attributes and Experiential and Transformative Learning from STSAPResearch Objective for Year 1The objective for the first year is to explore any differences by demographic group in personalityattributes (biogenic, sociogenic, experiential learning style) and transformative

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Md Tanvir Ahad, University of Oklahoma; Wei Sun; Jiaze Gao, University of Oklahoma

instructor taught the course.1. IntroductionAccording to industry demands, training a specialized workforce faces unique challenges,considering UAS as a smaller aircraft. One of the significant advantages of UAS is that they areunmanned, and hence are not regulated as conventional aircraft. The industry demands and thelack of tight regulations permit the UAS market to evolve promptly. In August 2016, the FederalAviation Administration (FAA) issued the Small Unmanned Aircraft Rule (Part 107) concerningthe use of UAS for research, educational, and commercial purposes. These regulations willmature over the years. Thus, it is beneficial to train the future workforce to be fully wellinformed of the current regulations on using UAS with the capabilities

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly Cook-Chennault, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey; Ahmad Farooq, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey

course content in virtual and in-person learning environments. The second aim of this study is to explore students’ perceptions ofthe effectiveness and acceptance of virtual learning tools and environments applied inengineering laboratory classes. A total of 226 undergraduate students participated in thisconvergent mixed method study within a mechanical and aerospace engineering department at aresearch-1 institute in the northeastern region of the United States. Our initial analyses of thestudents’ course evaluations indicate that there were no statistically significant differences in theperceived teaching effectiveness of the course. However, statistically significant differences werefound between the course final grades between students who

Conference Session

Technology Integration in Manufacturing Curriculum

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Firas Akasheh, Tuskegee University; Mandoye Ndoye, Tuskegee University; David Shannon, Auburn University; Ryan Pippins, Tuskegee University; Eugene Thompson; Adrian Carter, Tuskegee University; Stephen Baker, Tuskegee University; Brandon Guiseppi, Tuskegee University

marketprojections indicate that the total AM market will have a value of $62.79 billion in 2028, comparedto $16.54 billion in 2021, at a growth rate of 21% [1]. AM evolved from rapid prototypingtechniques, which have been in existence since the 1970’s. Advancement in 3D printingtechnologies and materials, combined with expiration of key technology patents in the early 2000’sled to the accelerated transition of rapid prototyping techniques into a viable manufacturingprocess for more sophisticated conceptual prototypes, functional prototypes, and end use parts.Starting from the CAD model of a part, AM workflow starts by slicing the model into 2D layersof small thickness followed by creating the part layer by layer using different forms of materialand

Conference Session

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Technical Session 2

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Francesca Bartram; Natalie Wint; David Maxwell Rea

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division

attainment ofengineering students has been shown to vary significantly between ethnic groups [1]. Whilstit is recognized that the participation rates of minoritized students varies across individualdisciplines within science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) [2], thereexists a general underrepresentation of those referred to as ‘BME’ [* see Notes] [3].Participation rates also vary between level of study, with 32.3 % of those accepted onto UKbased engineering undergraduate courses in 2017 classed as ‘BME’, compared to only 22.2%at graduate research level [3]. Such issues with persistence (which here refers to the transitionfrom one career stage to another, for example, progressing from an undergraduate program toa graduate program

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Technical Session 3

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Cioc, University of Toledo; Noela A Haughton, University of Toledo; Sorin Cioc

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division

asked to design and select a pump, part of a hydropower storage system, ableto meet a client’s location (see Appendix 1). The main condition was to create an excel file towork as a fluid flow simulator; two weeks were assigned for the completion of this exercise. Thestudents were also given the option of either working alone, or as part of a group. Once thesolutions were gathered by the instructor, the solutions were posted anonymously on Blackboard,and the class was asked to evaluate all the project both for style of presenting the excel file, andfor correctness of the calculations. This exercise was valued at 100 points, out of which 25 pointswere given for the peer review exercise. The students’ scores were considered when calculatingthe

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Technical Session 5

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmen Cioc, University of Toledo; Noela A Haughton, University of Toledo; Sorin Cioc

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology Division

the students’ interest inthe topic, three new guest lectures were added to this learning module. The three lectures wererelated to entrepreneurship and innovation, especially related to heating, ventilation, and airconditioning processes (HVAC).- Guest speaker #1: The first guest speaker was the Director of the University’s Innovations Center. One of his roles is to prove programmatic support and other needed resources to help move faculty ideas and research outcomes from an internal university setting out into the world, and such solving big problems and meeting societal needs. The talk was entitled Entrepreneurial Minding Thinking and Learning, and Lifelong Learning & Startup of You. Through many personal stories from

Conference Session

ERM: Instruction and Engagement

Collection

2022 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rachel Sangree, The Johns Hopkins University

taking notesfrom a chalkboard in a lecture hall, and then doing homework assignments on their own usingthe material they took notes on in class, students in a flipped (or inverted) class watch pre-recorded video lectures before attending class, and during class they use the material theyalready learned about in the video lectures to complete active-learning exercises with theirclassmates under the guidance of their instructor. According to Strelan and Osborn [1] “whatdistinguishes a flipped classroom from traditional teaching is not so much that information ispre-recorded, or that students engage with fundamental information using technology outside thelecture theatre but, rather, that students have an opportunity to engage in active learning