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Displaying results 931 - 960 of 1177 in total
Conference Session
Professional Issues in Civil Engineering Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
E James Nelson, Brigham Young University; Gus Williams, Brigham Young University; Paul Richards, Brigham Young University; Grant Schultz, Brigham Young University; Travis Wight, Brigham Young University; Jeff Armstrong, Armstrong Forensic
Tagged Divisions
Civil Engineering
Armstrong, Armstrong Forensic Jeff Armstrong is President and Founder of Armstrong Forensic Engineers, Inc. A third generation engineer, he has more than seventeen years experience in forensic engineering. He is a Civil Engineer with a Bachelor’s Degree from Brigham Young University, and a Master’s Degree from Arizona State University. His projects have included traffic accident investigation and reconstruction, eminent domain, transportation planning, personal injury events, civil engineering site design, and forensic engineering analysis of premises liability, merchandise securement, stairway design, building code compliance, and walking hazard analysis. Jeff is a Registered
Conference Session
Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kyle Lutes, Purdue University; Alka Harriger, Purdue University; Jack Purdum, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Information Systems
appointment at Purdue, Kyle worked for 16 years as a software engineer and developed systems for such industries as banking, telecommunications, publishing, healthcare, athletic recruiting, retail, and pharmaceutical sales.Alka Harriger, Purdue University Alka Harriger joined the faculty of the Computer and Information Technology Department (CIT) in 1982 and is currently a Professor of CIT and Assistant Department Head. Professor Harriger's current interests include reducing the IT gender gap, web application development, and service learning. Since January 2008, she has been leading the NSF-ITEST SPIRIT project that seeks to rekindle enthusiasm for information technology disciplines as a career
Conference Session
Thermodynamics, Fluids, and Heat Transfer II
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michael Plumley, United States Coast Guard Academy; Andrew Foley, United States Coast Guard Academy; Earnest Greene, US Coast Guard Academy
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
Experiment In Supportof Courses in Mechanical Control and Experimental Analysis”, Proceedings of the 1996American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Washington,DC, June 1996[8] Plumley, M., & Wilczynski, V. “Design Portfolios for Outcomes Assessment and ProgramVision”, Proceedings of the 2008 American Society for Engineering Education AnnualConference & Exposition, Pittsburgh, PA, June 2008[9] Dixon, G. “Three Thermal Systems Design-Build-Test Projects”, Proceedings of the 2004American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition, Salt Lake City,UT, June 2004[10] Dixon, G. “A Solar Distiller as a Thermal Systems Design-Build-Test Project”, Proceedingsof the 2006 American Society for
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Noel Schulz, Mississippi State University
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
campus for an extended amount of time. Researchers withlarge research programs worry how a leave might adversely affect their graduate students andresearch projects. Faculty members with working spouses have to consider the flexibility of thespouse’s job, especially if they cannot also take sabbatical. Faculty with families see all theissues related to taking the family with you or being separated for an extended amount of time.In tight budget times, some universities have reduced or eliminated sabbaticals.While these are all valid concerns and issues, faculty also face challenges, particularly if theyremain at the same institution. Some faculty get caught in a groove of teaching the same classesover and over again. Other faculty get assigned to
Conference Session
Outreach and Hands-on Materials
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Daniel Magda, Weber State University
Tagged Divisions
Materials
AC 2009-1685: HANDS-ON LAB DEMONSTRATION TO TEACH HOWMECHANICAL PROPERTIES CHANGE DUE TO COLD WORKING ANDRECRYSTALLIZATIONDaniel Magda, Weber State University Page 14.663.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Hands on Lab Demonstration to Teach how Mechanical Properties Change Due to Cold Working and RecrystallizationAbstractLaboratories that employ hands-on demonstration to change material properties play animportant role in understanding why materials are selected for different design specifications.Engineering students take courses in mechanics of material, machine design, finite elementanalysis and capstone senior projects. These courses require
Conference Session
Sustainability in Engineering Curricula
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Michelle Jarvie, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Environmental Engineering
include one or more of the Engineering Programs following considerations…impacts of construction projects; impacts of exploration, development, and extraction of resources, and consequential remediation; disposal of wastes…”4 Mining and Similarly “The program must demonstrate that graduates Named Engineering have…proficiency in engineering topics related to both surface Programs and underground mining, including…environmental issues…”4 Code Results for S3: Society: Social Impacts & Issues, Law & Public Policy, Safety, and People Specific Program Concept as
Conference Session
Instrumentation and Controls Laboratories
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kayode P. Ayodele, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Olawale Akinwale, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Lawrence Kehinde, Texas Southern University; Oladipo O. Osasona, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; E.O.B. ajayi, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; O.O. Akinwunmi, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
written in transact-SQL. These stored procedures provide an abstraction layer ofdata access procedures which reduce the regeneration/embedding of boiler plate SQL code inC# code. Page 14.163.8 Figure 6: Screen capture showing the Experiment Engine in operationThe DE1 board features a state-of-the-art Cyclone® II 2C20 FPGA in a 484-pin package. Theoriginal purpose of the board was to serve as a vehicle for learning about digital logic,computer organization, and FPGAs. The board offers a rich set of features that make itsuitable for use in a laboratory environment for university and college courses, for a varietyof design projects, as well as for
Conference Session
Outreach and Hands-on Materials
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dana Medlin, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Michael West, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Deborah Mitchell, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Jon Kellar, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology; Stuart Kellogg, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology
Tagged Divisions
Materials
of Mines and Technology. She is also Director of the Apex Gallery which is located on campus. She received a South Dakota Arts Council Fellowship in 2007. In addition to being an active professional artist she also has been conference chair for the Third Annual Conference on Art Culture Nature, an Arts Consultant for the state of Washington under the Western Sates Arts Federation, and a project director for Lila Wallace Reader’s Digest Arts International. In addition she has written exhibition catalogs for artists such as Heidi Oberheide and Jane Catlin. She is a member of the College Art Association and FATE: Foundations in Art: Theory and Education.Jon Kellar, South Dakota School of Mines
Conference Session
Distance and Web-Based Learning in Engineering Technology: Part II
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Ali Mehrabian, University of Central Florida; Tarig Ali, University of Central Florida; Walter Buchanan, Texas A&M University; Alireza Rahrooh, University of Central Florida
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
accommodate and facilitate the effectiveness ofonline examination methods. Some very recent studies documented the practicality andeffectiveness of distance learning methodologies3. Results from an early study of the desirabilityand feasibility of using distance learning indicated that this teaching and methodology has auseful role in distance learning4. The case for employing project-based learning methods asopposed to more traditional teaching methods, where the learning path follows a carefullypredetermined structure, has been argued elsewhere3.In this paper the authors discuss their enduring practice and efforts with crafting onlineexaminations for the distance learning courses in engineering and technology. We touch onissues of assessment
Conference Session
Design in Engineering Education Potpourri
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Llewellyn Mann, Central Queensland University; Shanna Daly, University of Michigan
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
, namely “what are the ways that sustainable design has been experienced among the participants involved”. 2. Current practice was further investigated to understand what assumptions existed about sustainable design and how it was understood in practice. It was found that different disciplines had differing understandings and ways of operating even though they were working on the same projects. This lead to the realization that a more diverse range of views was needed to better inform what sustainable design practice is and should become in the future. 3. A research method known as phenomenography was selected as it was best able to answer the research question posed. The best way of gathering data with this
Conference Session
Innovative Teaching Strategies in Engineering Graphics
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kellen Maicher, Purdue University; Marvin Sarapin, Purdue University; James Mohler, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Design Graphics
andnatural affinity between U.S. higher education and its ancestral nations overseas. In addition tocountless research projects and other cooperative endeavors, many U.S. schools have maintainedhealthy exchange programs and study-abroad initiatives for the majority of their existence.2These types of programs enjoyed somewhat of a renaissance following World War II, as theexperience of that event brought into light the need for the U.S. and its citizens to adopt a globalmindset. As a result, a variety of sponsored educational initiatives were implemented such as the1946 Fulbright Act, which provided legislation to promote funding for international educationand research through the sale of surplus military equipment.1 The Cold War served to
Conference Session
International Study Abroad Programs
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Raghu Echempati, Kettering University; Butsch Michael, FH-Konstanz, Germany
Tagged Divisions
International
)who are responsible for advisement, mentoring, monitoring and assessment of that program.Ahead of time, the program coordinator pre-determines, in consultation with appropriatefaculty, which courses will transfer directly back to Kettering as if courses were taken atKettering University. Assessment of course is therefore needed. No two courses of the sametitle are taught the same way in different parts of the world, nor do they have the same coursecontent. The assessment process is carried out via course portfolios and a competency matrix(end-of-course outcomes-based survey). Students are asked to compile course portfolios andkeep track of assignments, notes, HW, reports, projects, etc. Individually, students are asked tofill out course
Conference Session
Marketing Engineering as a Career Path to URMs
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
David Delaine, Drexel University; Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University
Tagged Divisions
Minorities in Engineering
Focus Group Study of Student Perceptions”,Proceedings of the Allied Academics, Volume 15, Number 2, Reno 2008.7. “Preparing Minority Scientists and Engineers”, Michael F. Summers, Freeman A. Hrabowski III, Science, 31March 2006 Vol. 311.8. NSF Bridge to the Doctorate, http://www.nsf.gov/funding/pgm_summ.jsp?pims_id=54779. “A Threat in the Air: How Stereotypes Shape Intellectual Identity and Performance”, Claude M. Steele,American Psychologist, June 1997 Vol. 52., No. 6, 613-629.10. “Ong, Maria, “Effects of Informal and Formal Support Groups on Retaining Women and Minorities in U.S.Physics”, The project SEED initiative, The Civil Rights Project at Harvard University & TERC.11. Golub, Alex, “The Flaws of Facebook”, Inside Higher Ed
Conference Session
Micromachining in Manufacturing Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Wayne Hung, Texas A&M University; Sujeev Chittipolu, Texas A&M University; Saurabh Kajaria, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
research data, compare techniques for microtool setting, or producemicrotooling for other research projects. Graduate students perform in-depth studies to comparemicromachining options, optimize micromachining parameters, characterize micromist, or findlimitation of fragile microcutting tools. All micromachining projects and equipment are proudlypresented to high school students and visitors who often visit our Haas Technical EducationCenter.Literature ReviewMicromilling has been considered an attractive alternative over other micromanufacturingprocesses due to its high flexibility and the ability to produce complex 3D features1. Initial worksare focused on developing microcutting tools and micromachining systems. A microtool of Ø25µm can be
Conference Session
Widgets, Add-ons, Toolbars, and Videos: Web 2.0 Tools for Searching, Managing, and Teaching about Engineering Literature and Information
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
E. Michael Wilson, Ohio University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
the home server), and if anew version of the toolbar is available it makes the update available for automaticinstallation. This functionality ensures that security updates, link repairs, and othernecessary changes are carried out and that the toolbar continues to function.Libraries that are interested in their own toolbar projects will need to address requiredresources as well as plans for continued maintenance. Ongoing support for the OUEngineering Toolbar has been simple to this date; however, the concept, development,deployment, and maintenance are handled by the author of this article. Discussions withother libraries that provide toolbars highlight that this seems to be a unique situation asmost often toolbars are either constructed by
Conference Session
Manufacturing Division Poster Session
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Xiaolin Chen, Washington State University, Vancouver; Dave Kim, Washington State University, Vancouver
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
theory and practice for a variety of things from materials, costs, design andmanufacturing processes to engineering project management. Local industry leaders commonlyemphasize that 21st century mechanical engineers should have real understanding of leanenterprise/manufacturing. The mechanical engineer must have a solid background in engineeringprinciples, as well as business acumen and personal presence. Therefore, the sequence will alsointroduce the theory, concepts, policies, procedures and steps of lean manufacturing. Studentswill learn how to determine the major causes that create “waste” in factories and how to minimizeor eliminate them.3. Design and Manufacturing Track Design and ImplementationIn order to fill the gaps between traditional
Conference Session
The Role of Engineering in Public Policy
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Melissa Lott, University of Texas, Austin; Carey King, University of Texas, Austin; Michael Webber, University of Texas, Austin
Tagged Divisions
Engineering and Public Policy
Power Simulator was designed at the University of Texas at Austinto communicate key lessons concerning the tradeoffs of electricity generation methods in TexasThe key target audiences for this project include college students, high school students, statelegislators and their staff, as well as the general public. The Texas Interactive Power Simulatoraccomplishes the project goals by allowing the user to manipulate the electricity generation mixin the state of Texas and immediately view the economic and environmental impacts of thesechanges. This manuscript extends upon previous publications that described the backendcomponents and user interface design of the basic version of the Texas Interactive PowerSimulator.1 In particular, this manuscript
Conference Session
NSF Grantees Poster Session
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Krupczak, Hope College; Timothy Simpson, Pennsylvania State University; Vince Bertsch, Santa Rosa Junior College; Kate Disney, Mission College; Elsa Garmire, Dartmouth College
products, but also the knowledge and processes necessary tocreate and operate those products. The infrastructure used for the design, manufacture,operation, and repair of technological artifacts is also considered part of technology, in itsbroadest sense.Other efforts have sought to develop standards to define what K-12 students need to know and beable to do concerning technology. In 1993, the American Association for the Advancement ofScience (AAAS) published, Project 2061: Benchmarks for Science Literacy [5] and in 1996 theNational Science Education Standards were published by the National Academies Press [6], bothof these included standards devoted to technology. In 2000 the International TechnologyEducation Association (ITEA) published
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elizabeth Dell, Rochester Institute of Technology; Jeanne Christman, Rochester Institute of Technology; Teresa Wolcott, Rochester Institute of Technology; Maureen Valentine, Rochester Institute of Technology
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
Civil Engineering. She is an adjunct instructor for surveying and lead faculty for WIT in the Civil Engineering Technology program at RIT. Currently, she is pursuing her Master of Science degree in Professional Studies with concentrations in Geographical Information Systems and Project Management. Wolcott’s involvement in the Women in Technology program at RIT includes monitoring retention data and supporting programming efforts.Maureen Valentine, Rochester Institute of Technology MAUREEN S. VALENTINE is the Associate Dean and Miller professor for the College of Applied Science and Technology at the Rochester Institute of Technology. Valentine received her B.S. in Civil Engineering from
Conference Session
Freshman Experience in Engineering Technology
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Niaz Latif, Purdue University, Calumet; Akram Hossain, Purdue University, Calumet
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
past 15 years at various capacities. He served as chair of Manufacturing Systems Development Applications Department of IEEE/IAS. He authored more than 25 refereed journal and conference publications. From 2003 through 2006, he was involved with Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL in developing direct computer control for hydrogen powered automotives. He is also involved in several direct computer control and wireless process control related research projects. His interests are in the area of industrial transducer, industrial process control, wireless controls, statistical process control, computer aided design and fabrication of printed circuit board, programmable logic controllers
Conference Session
Hands-on Lean Manufacturing Simulation Workshop
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Merwan Mehta, East Carolina University
Tagged Divisions
Manufacturing
AC 2009-23: HANDS-ON SIMULATION TO DEMONSTRATE KEY METRICSFOR CONTROL OF ANY PROCESS UTILIZING LEAN AND SIX SIGMAPRINCIPLESMerwan Mehta, East Carolina University Merwan Mehta, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor at East Carolina University in the Technology Systems Department in Greenville, NC. Prior to joining academics, he has over twenty years of experience in business and industry working as an industrial engineer, machine tool design engineer, manufacturing engineer, manager, project manager, project director, vice-president and consultant. His present research interests are enhancing manufacturing and business processes through lean principles and theory of constraints, and the pursuit of quality and
Conference Session
Innovations in ECE Education I
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohamed Omer, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg; Peter Idowu, Pennsylvania State University, Harrisburg
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
problemsand solution algorithms. This project comes as a response to the urgent need for newer, moreefficient educational tools to reform the outlook of power engineering education. Thevisualization tool aids students in quickly obtaining a detailed understanding of the power systemanalysis problems when used as a supplement to traditional lecture approaches. Therefore itallows for introduction of other demanding topics within the limited time of an undergraduatecurriculum. In addition, the software visualization tool enables students to spend more time onpower system analysis topics outside the classroom, which have been shown to result in effectivelearning and development of reflective thinking skills.An earlier version of the visualization tool
Conference Session
Critical issues in IT and IET: Focus Group
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Mativo, The University of Georgia
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
objectives were met in many ways, for example, students had fun in their work, asexemplified by spending time after class to work on their project without instructor push. Theyused their analytical skills to analyze their for example, they revised their statics and dynamics tomake predictions of the project needs and performance before designing, constructing, andtesting. They engaged in developing alternative designs of the motorized car and the truck asthey analyzed and then settled to the one they found to be analytically sound. They saw thevalue in mechatronics as they discussed its application to daily life products and found numerousinstances. The students’ accomplishments in designing, construction, and testing their productsuccessfully are
Conference Session
Experiments in Remote-access Laboratories
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
M. Reza Emami, University of Toronto; Michael G. Helander, University of Toronto
Tagged Divisions
Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies
research and development, most remotely-accessiblelaboratories have remained as isolated technical novelties, with most projects being shutdownonce their initial funding runs out. This point is reflected in the fact that most works in theliterature address only the technical merits and potential benefits of remote access technologies, Page 14.1209.2rather than addressing the impact of remote experimentation on engineering pedagogy. Clearly, anew fundamentally different approach to remotely-accessible laboratories is required.Recently, a new paradigm for remotely-accessible laboratories, namely the eLaboratory, wasintroduced by the authors5. This
Conference Session
Technical-Capacity Building & Exporting of Higher Education to Developing Countries
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Russel Jones, World Expertise LLC
Tagged Divisions
International
comprehensive, residential liberal-arts and sciences branch campus inthe Arabian Gulf, set to open in 2010, is in a class by itself. The NYU/Abu Dhabi projectwill see a flow of professors and students between New York and Abu Dhabi, allowingseamless transfers.The NYU/Abu Dhabi project thus meets several needs of the US university, andsimultaneously addresses a major goal of Abu Dhabi, to be identified as a hub ofknowledge transmission and creation in the region, as well as attending to the need tobuild human capacity in its citizens and its significant expatriate population. Page 14.318.3US engineering programs in the Middle EastSeveral US engineering schools
Conference Session
Mentoring Graduate Students
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tonya Saddler, Northwestern University; Elizabeth Creamer, Virginia Tech
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
acquisition) was used to exploredoctoral student socialization7. The main research question guiding this study was: What contribution does research collaboration with a faculty member play in thesocialization of doctoral students in engineering committed to a career as a faculty member? Thefollowing sub-question guided the overall research question: What do doctoral students inengineering learn about faculty careers through their research engagement with faculty mentors? Page 14.1064.3 For purposes of this study, faculty mentor was defined as the person who collaboratedwith the doctoral student on a research project and who the doctoral
Conference Session
Freshman Experience in Engineering Technology
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
JungHun Choi, Ohio University; Wieslaw Grebski, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton; Kenneth Dudeck, Pennsylvania State University, Hazleton
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
related to the Mechanical Engineering Technology Page 14.1200.9(MET) and Electrical Engineering Technology (EET) fields. Both courses need to be offeredsimultaneously in order to demonstrate how the Mechanical and Electrical EngineeringTechnology fields can be integrated and jointly applied to solve “real world” engineeringproblems. Both courses have common laboratory and project components. The nature of theprojects is electromechanical, for example, a garage door with an electrical opener. In theMechanical Systems course, students will design the mechanical components of the garage door.The electrical aspect of the project, that is, selecting the
Conference Session
Instructional Innovations in AEC Education
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Mohammed Haque, Texas A&M University; Reniz Moosa, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
AC 2009-419: VIRTUAL WALK THROUGH OF A BUILDING FOUNDATIONSYSTEM USING GAME ENGINEMohammed Haque, Texas A&M University Dr. Mohammed E. Haque is a professor in the Department of Construction Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas. He has over twenty years of professional experience in analysis, design, and investigation of building, bridges and tunnel structural projects of various city and state governments and private sectors. Dr. Haque is a registered Professional Engineer in the states of New York, Pennsylvania and Michigan, and members of ASEE, ASCE, and ACI. Dr. Haque received a BSCE from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, a MSCE and a Ph.D. in Civil
Conference Session
Advances in Engineering Economy Pedagogy
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
John Ristroph, University of Louisiana, Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Economy
wide range of projects. This is crucial to setting the discount rate, par-ticularly in smaller companies that still use payback or similar measures. A concise coverage canuse Thuesen’s approach5 of: • explaining the investment opportunities curve of capital budgeting, and • noting that investments with higher internal rates of return tend to be selected first, • so differences among mutually exclusive alternatives generally increase or decrease funds available to marginal projects having an internal rate around MARR, Page 14.552.6 • and then showing that selecting the alternative
Conference Session
Engineering Education in India, Central and Eastern Asia
Collection
2009 Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shi-Jer Lou, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; C. Ray Diez, University of North Dakota; Hsi-Chi Hsiao, Cheng Shiu University; Wen-Hsiung Wu, National Kaohsiung University of Applied Sciences; Shu-Hsuan Chang, National Changhua University of Education
Tagged Divisions
International
: senior high school girl students, STEM, attitude Page 14.120.2 I. Introduction In an era of ever-changing technology, American education authorities found that theelementary and high schools could not provide their students with necessary knowledge andskills of science and technology. Since 1980s, America has aggressively been improving thecurriculum of science, engineering and mathematics. Therefore, in 1985, AmericanAssociation for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) launched a long-term project called“Project 2061” that committed to reform science, mathematics and technology education. Theplan made