Conference Session

Sustainability, Service Learning, and Entreprenuership

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Skokan, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

sustainabledevelopment concepts, exposed the students to the challenges of sustainable development froman engineering design perspective. The course objectives were that students would: 1. Be able to define sustainability 2. Identify sustainability issues in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere 3. Apply the engineering design process to sustainable projects 4. Summarize methods to measure sustainability 5. Analyze examples of sustainable and non-sustainable programs.Participants were also exposed to field experiences to observe issues in sustainability.Assessment of the course objectives illustrates the need for cooperation among engineering andother disciplines, such as economics and politics, in the design process for a sustainable

Conference Session

New Instrumentation Ideas

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Madhumi Mitra, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Xavier Henry, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Dayvon Green, Morgan State University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

State University Mr. Dayvon Green is a junior in the Industrial, Manufacturing and Information Engineering Department at Morgan State University. He spent the 2009 summer at University of Maryland Eastern Shore on a NASA supported student exchange program to initiate some of the work on the " AQUABOT" project. Page 15.558.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Experimental Prototype of a Remote-Controlled Platform to Monitor Water Quality DataAbstractEutrophication (nutrient-enrichment) leading to algal blooms is a serious threat to the coastalbays and the open oceans

Conference Session

A Systems Thinking Approach to Solving Problems

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Cochran, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering Constituent Committee

engineering, product design, finance, material supply, salesand marketing, and even the company union representatives. Because of their exposure, thestudents learn that solving manufacturing systems problems requires not only technicalknowledge but also inter-personal knowledge and skills.Class OrganizationIn the very early part of the course, the Vice Presidents of sponsoring companies visit MIT andgive presentations regarding their company and provide an overview of the proposed projects toestablish the importance of the proposed projects. It is very important to cooperate withsponsoring companies in this course. After having background information on the sponsoringcompanies and the proposed projects from the presentation session, the students then

Conference Session

IE Applications and Systems

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Forgie, University of Southern Indiana; Marco Lara Gracia, University of Southern Indiana; MT Morris, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Industrial Engineering

Department of Political Science and Public Administration at the University of Southern Indiana. Dr. Hallock Morris is currently the editor of the Indiana Journal of Political Science and is a member of the Executive Council of the Indiana Political Science Association. Her research interests include environmental policy, political behavior, women and politics, and pop culture and politics. Most recently, her research on the politics of hypoxia has appears in Politics and Policy and Social Science Quarterly. Page 15.88.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010A SERVICE LEARNING PROJECT: AN

Conference Session

Mentoring and Development of New Faculty

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Cady, National Academy of Engineering; Norman Fortenberry, National Academy of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

Page 15.1064.2some material that would relate more directly to attendees’ projects as well as allow attendeeswith similar interests to brainstorm, discuss, and give and receive feedback on the variousinnovative ideas. The goal was to provide support for attendees to develop the sophistication oftheir ideas over the course of the symposium. Overall, the intent of combined activities was toempower faculty who were already leading innovative change in their classrooms to becomeagents of change in their institution or in the engineering education community at large. Thisempowerment stems from the information provided as well as the supportive community ofpractice that developed among attendees. The intent and initial outcomes of the first

Conference Session

Administering First-Year Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip Parker, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

AC 2010-944: DEVELOPMENT AND ASSESSMENT OF A REVISEDINTRODUCTORY ENGINEERING COURSEPhilip Parker, University of Wisconsin, Platteville Page 15.392.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Development and Assessment of a Revised Introductory Engineering Course: Work in ProgressIntroduction GE1030 (Introduction to Engineering Projects) is required of all engineering students atthe University of Wisconsin-Platteville, and is taken by most students in their second semester.Students who enroll in engineering at the University of Wisconsin-Platteville enter the GeneralEngineering Department, and do not matriculate into the degree-granting

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Culbertson, Arizona State University; Dale Baker, Arizona State University; Janice Meyer Thompson, Arizona State University; Christopher Mehrens, Arizona State University; Stephen Krause, Arizona State University

mathematics in an NSF-funded Math-Science Partnership grant; serving as Director of the Master of Natural Science (Physics) program at ASU, including ASU’s Modeling Workshops and other summer courses; and leading a new summer research experience for forty math and science teachers project, funded by Science Foundation Arizona. He is also actively involved in a pilot project to provide a compact path to teaching certification for mainstream math and science majors. He has directed an NSF REU program in condensed matter physics, and he is actively involved in undergraduate education, including the teaching of the introductory courses for majors. His experience in teaching and expertise in physical

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl West, UMass Lowell; John Duffy, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Manuel Heredia, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Linda Barrington, University of Massachusetts Lowell

initiativedesigned to sequentially infuse S-L throughout engineering curriculum as a broad approach topromote development of better engineers, more engaged citizens, along with engineering thecommon good in communities. Chemical, Civil, Electrical, Mechanical, and PlasticsEngineering departments within the college integrated S-L activities into 192 course offerings (5intro, 65 ME, 32 EE, 47 CE, 31 PlE, 12 ChE) across the last five years that involved an averageof 753 undergraduate students each semester carrying out S-L projects. Half of the faculty hasbeen involved.In order to discover student views about S-L activities in engineering courses, and to betterunderstand why students seem more motivated to learn with S-L, administration of 399 pre-S-Lsurveys

Conference Session

Sustainability, Service Learning, and Entreprenuership

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randall Brouwer, Calvin College; Steven VanderLeest, Calvin College; Paulo Ribeiro, Calvin College; Robert Medema, Calvin College

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Page 15.843.2learning some of the concepts of entrepreneurship. The students in our engineering classes areeager to learn about entrepreneurial opportunities and ideas. A recent survey 1 of undergraduateengineering students at five different schools showed that most (82%) were interested inpursuing some form of entrepreneurship after graduation. Students want to know how to taketheir ideas and get them into the marketplace. They want to use their engineering skills to helpreal people with real problems (and they see entrepreneurship as a means to that end). Theyunderstand that competing for engineering projects in a global context requires not only strongtechnical knowledge, but also business acumen. This strong interest translates into

Conference Session

Learning By Doing in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Golter, Washington State University; Bernard Van Wie, Washington State University; Gary Brown, Washington State University; David Thiessen, Washington State University; Baba Abdul, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

pedagogical changes in a fluid mechanics and heat transfer course. It has been difficult tofind statistically meaningful results because of small sizes of the classes, a once per year course offering,and in maintaining experimental controls at partner institutions with variant implementations. Alongwith our problems, there is a poor history regarding random control testing in educational research.This has convinced us to move toward a different class model centered around a project-basedapproach with design discussions reviewed for critical reasoning by students and faculty within theexperimental site institution and industrial representatives outside the institution. We are also shiftingaway from traditional quantitative definitions of experimental

Conference Session

Retention Strategies in Action Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Anderson-Rowland, Arizona State University; Armando Rodriguez, Arizona State University; Anita Grierson, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

engineering careers. This project develops a supply-chainof high quality engineering students by 1) supporting the CCs’ HS student outreach activities, 2)supporting the CC engineering courses by providing materials, tutoring, local engineeringspeakers, and tuition scholarships, 3) conducting “Be an Engineer” events on the CC campusesto CC students and local HS students and their parents, 4) following up withclasses/workshops/seminars - exploiting time-tested techniques, assignments, as well as one-on-one and group mentoring - for all participants either via live teleconference or webcast, 5)providing an engaged community of mentors (with extensive experience and commitment) for allstudents, as well as remote tutoring and mentoring via phone, email

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ying Tang, Rowan University; Ravi Ramachandran, Rowan University; Linda Head, Rowan University; Lawrence Chatman, Camden County College

industry and academic institutions on theimportance and urgency of reflecting the impact of the SoC paradigm shift in engineeringeducation, as traditional programs, especially at the undergraduate level, have not keptpace with this evolution [1]. Recognizing the acute national demand for a new breed ofSoC engineers, our project proposes an innovative curricula prototype that cuts across theartificial course boundaries and introduces SoC knowledge through vertically-integratedand problem-oriented laboratory experiments [2]. In addition, we value the important rolethat community colleges play in starting students on the road to engineering careers, as Page

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in BME

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Willits, Saint Louis University; David Barnett, Saint Louis University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

club (or how to find and read a research article), discussions on laboratory etiquette andresearch ethics. Participants were then integrated into their research mentors laboratory, andspent eight weeks on a research project. The program has two Peer Mentors, who areundergraduates with research experience, that live with the students and participate in theresearch project. The mentors are also responsible for additional social and academic activitiesduring nights and weekends. This paper describes the program, evaluations and critiques fromthe first year (from both research mentors and participants), as well as the challenges andopportunities the program presents to future “Research Experience for Undergraduates”programs. Surveys will continue

Conference Session

Curriculum in Electrical Power Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shiyoung Lee, Pennsylvania State University, Berks

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

real world experiences which usually involves various motion controlcomponents. Therefore, various assignments using input/output (I/O) devices could be given tostudents to exercise development of ladder logic diagrams. But more dynamic applications withmotion control components are necessary to train and prepare students for the real world. Thedevelopment of the PLC controlled four-story elevator is the final project assignment forstudents in the advanced PLC course. This final project requires the following tasks: thedevelopment of interfacing software for the human machine interface (HMI) terminal, the designof a hoist using a stepper motor, the implementation of a position-sensing mechanism, thecompletion of a ladder logic diagram for

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions - Mechanical Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Green, LeTourneau University; Carolyn Conner Seepersad, University of Texas, Austin; Katja Holtta-Otto, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

future projects. Surveys also indicate strong agreement that extremeexperience interviews “inspired ideas that are better for average users as well.” An examinationof interview transcripts shows the extreme experience interviews are valuable not only foruncovering a much more comprehensive set of customer needs, especially with respect toproduct-user interactions, but also for obtaining innovative redesign suggestions from customersthemselves. The results collectively show extreme experience interviews are an effective andvaluable addition to the design process in these courses, with additional room for improvementin teaching technique.1 IntroductionIn the last decade the engineering design community has shown tremendous interest in

Conference Session

Structure and Form in Architectural Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Dermody, Roger Williams University

Tagged Divisions

Architectural

architecturaldesign studio focused on the design of efficient, elegant, expressive long-span structures.Examples of student design solutions for various projects are shown and explained. Anassessment of the benefits of teaching structures in a studio is presented. The studio projectsdemonstrate that structure is an important determinant of architectural form. Form should followforce, and not merely function.IntroductionTechnology is design. Technical concepts, especially in architecture curricula, should be taughtas design. However, structures courses in most architecture programs have long relied oncalculation based problem sets as their primary pedagogy. This approach is unrealistic and doesa disservice to students. It does not accurately represent the

Conference Session

Faculty & Program Exchanges: Internationalizing, Collaborations, Interactions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilka Balk, University of Kentucky; John Balk, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

International

studentsarrive in Karlsruhe between January and March, and start with a research project that has beenformulated by faculty at both institutions. Whenever possible, the US student is paired with aGerman student who will participate in the reciprocal phase of the exchange program. When thesemester begins in Karlsruhe in April, students transition to coursework and either finish theirresearch or decrease their laboratory workload.The engineering students from Karlsruhe, Germany, come to the University of Kentucky inAugust to take regular classes in the fall semester. Karlsruhe’s engineering students, who arerequired to complete a 500-hour research project for their degree, perform some of this researchin the fall semester, while also taking classes, and

Conference Session

Software and Hardware for Educators II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Richardson, Purdue University; James Jacob, Purdue University; Brant Price, Purdue University; Jeremiah Dole, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2010-1527: PERSONAL LAB HARDWARE: A SINE WAVE GENERATOR,LOGIC PULSE SIGNAL, AND PROGRAMMABLE SYNCHRONOUS SERIALINTERFACE FOR ENHANCING EDUCATIONJeffrey Richardson, Purdue UniversityJames Jacob, Purdue UniversityBrant Price, Purdue UniversityJeremiah Dole, Purdue University Page 15.951.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Personal Lab Hardware: A Sine Wave Generator, Logic Pulse Signal, and Programmable Synchronous Serial Interface for Enhancing EducationAbstract:This project developed a low cost solution to provide personally owned electronic test equipmentto students in an advanced analog electronics course to enhance their learning associated withelectronic

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Lockwood, University of Calgary; Daryl Caswell, University of Calgary; Marjan Eggermont, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students and 30 Teaching Assistants, planningfive new and unique projects for each academic year and integrating community groupsinto real-world scenarios, the largest challenge facing the team is that of consistency ofassignment design and evaluation.This paper will describe a methodology for maintaining instructional and gradingconsistency across the many layers of student/tutorial assistant/instructor interaction.Due to the scope of the course, each of the five projects is developed by one or moreinstructors, with each of the 9 instructors contributing to at least one project. As theinstructors come from a variety of backgrounds, consistency has been problematic – whatone instructor considers complete assignment information, another considers

Conference Session

Learning By Doing in Chemical Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon O'Brien, Manhattan College; J.Patrick Abulencia, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

patterns. Second, they mentally representproblems largely in terms of underlying principles. Finally, experts plan solution strategies, anddetect constraints given in the problem statement. To incorporate these ideas into engineeringeducation, a project called “Reverse Engineering” was created, and employed in a sophomorefluids mechanics class. No different than taking a piece of equipment apart to better understandits operation, students can apply the same approach to chemical engineering problems. Briefly,students were asked to generate their own problems related to a concept discussed during class,and present the solution by breaking it down into its fundamental parts. We hypothesize thatstudents would improve their problem solving ability by

Conference Session

Robotics Curriculum

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Gennert, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; William Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Michael Demetriou, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

Engineering in 1980 and the Sc.D. in Electrical Engineering in 1987 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Dr. Gennert is interested in Computer Vision, Image Processing, Scientific Databases, and Programming Languages, with ongoing projects in biomedical image processing, robotics, and stereo and motion vision. He is author or co-author of over 90 papers. He is a member of IEEE, ACM, NDIA Robotics Division, and the Massachusetts Technology Leadership Council Robotics Cluster.William Michalson, Worcester Polytechnic InstituteMichael Demetriou, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Page 15.85.1© American

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Flikkema, Northern Arizona University; Jeff Frolik, University of Vermont; Carol Haden, Magnolia Consulting; Tom Weller, University of South Florida

, which we call CLIO,facilitates team-based student projects that can integrate sensors, embedded computing, energymanagement and wireless communications. The CLIO hardware and software package includesthe development board along with experiments that build upon each other. Experiments basedon the simulator are complementary, allowing students to explore circuit- and systems-levelwireless design parameters and the links between them. This paper describes the capabilities andsuggested use for the development board, associated simulation projects, and supporting coursematerial. We also present assessment results based on surveys and focus groups, conducted attwo universities in Fall 2009. Two additional universities will be implementing the course

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Foster, George Fox University; Chad Hammerquist, George Fox University; Robert Melendy, George Fox University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

designs of new machines and operator interfaces.Unfortunately, many engineers lack knowledge in areas of cross-discipline knowledge. Theybecome specialized in their own field to the fault of not considering (or even knowing) how theirrole in a project impacts the other participants. 17 If students can gain a strong understanding ofhow to apply control theory in real-world applications, they will diversify their knowledge set andcan communicate and design more effectively. Additional arguments have been made forincluding PLCs in controls education. 13,14,18BackgroundThis section highlights the history and context for the PLC and the motivation for pursuing thisinvestigation.HistoryPLCs were first developed by Information Instruments, Inc

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development for K-12 Teachers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Howard Kimmel, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Ronald Rockland, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Linda Hirsch, New Jersey Institute of Technology; Levelle Burr-Alexander, New Jersey Institute of Technology; John Carpinelli, New Jersey Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2010-156: A CAPSTONE APPROACH TO EXPLORING TEACHEROUTCOMES FROM PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENTHoward Kimmel, New Jersey Institute of Technology HOWARD KIMMEL is Professor of Chemical Engineering and Executive Director of the Center for Pre-College Programs at New Jersey Institute of Technology. He has spent the past thirty years designing and implementing professional development programs and curricula for K-12 teachers in science and technology. At the college level, he collaborates on projects exploring teaching methodologies and assessment strategies in first-year college courses in the sciences, engineering, and computer science.Ronald Rockland, New Jersey Institute of Technology RONALD H

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary First Year Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Hinds, Michigan State University; Thomas Wolff, Michigan State University; Amanda Idema, Michigan State University; Neeraj Buch, Michigan State University; Carmellia Davis-King, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

provides first-year engineering students with a broadintroduction to engineering design, the engineering profession and its expectations, engineeringproblem-solving skills and teamwork skills. It consists of two new first-year courses: EGR 100(Introduction to Engineering Design) and EGR 102 (Introduction to Engineering Modeling).EGR 100 is an addition to the existing core course requirement for admission to an MSUengineering program and is also a prerequisite to EGR 102. The broad goals of the new initiativeare: 1. Attract top students to engineering programs and retaining them; 2. Better prepare graduates to adapt to a quickly and constantly in a changing global engineering workforce by appreciating the importance of teamwork, project

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions - Mechanical Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Willis, Southern Methodist University; Paul Krueger, Southern Methodist University; Alice Kendrick, Southern Methodist University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

-and Nano-Mechanics of Materials, the Laser Micromachining Laboratory, the Research Centerfor Advanced Manufacturing, and the Micro Sensor Laboratory. Each faculty member submitteda list of possible projects from their research laboratory in which REU students could participate.Some of the projects were similar to those from previous years, while other projects were new tothe REU program.The REU program was advertised through an email message that was distributed toundergraduate engineering students at the host institution, faculty contacts at other universities,and the Women in Engineering Program Advocates Network (WEPAN) nationwide list-serve.The email message referred potential applicants to a website* which was used as the centralsource

Conference Session

International Study Abroad Programs & Student Engagements

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Khanjan Mehta, Pennsylvania State University; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Thomas Colledge, Pennsylvania State University; Yu Zhao, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

International

engineering design education, indigenous knowledge systems and systems thinking.Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University Mary Lynn Brannon, Instructional Support Specialist at the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education at the Pennsylvania State University, has a Master of Arts Degree in Education and Human Development specializing in Educational Technology Leadership. Her work focuses on projects that measure and assess student perceptions of learning related to their experiences with engineering course innovations. She is a faculty development consultant with previous experience in instructional design, and instructor of the Graduate Assistant Seminar for

Conference Session

ADVANCE Grants and Institutional Transformation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Canan Bilen-Green, North Dakota State University; Elizabeth Birmingham, North Dakota State University; Ann Burnett, North Dakota State University; Roger Green, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

15.910.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 NDSU Advance FORWARD: Challenges and Recommendations to Enhancing Recruitment, Retention, and Advancement of FacultyAbstractThe NDSU Advance FORWARD project, funded by the National Science FoundationADVANCE Institutional Transformation program in 2008, seeks to develop and implement acomprehensive research-driven strategy to increase participation of women in all science andengineering faculty and academic administrative positions. Advance FORWARD (Focus onResources for Women’s Advancement, Recruitment/Retention, and Development) builds on theearlier work of North Dakota State University’s self-initiated FORWARD committee, a group offaculty and administrators who came

Conference Session

Mentoring & Outreach for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Backer, San Jose State University; Belle Wei, San Jose State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2010-443: HISPANIC COMPUTER BRIGADE SILICON VALLEY COMPUTERCAMPPatricia Backer, San Jose State UniversityBelle Wei, San Jose State University Page 15.644.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Hispanic Computer Brigade Silicon Valley Computer CampAbstractHispanic students are vastly underrepresented in computing during a time when the Hispanicpopulation in the U.S. is growing dramatically. By 2020, Hispanics will account for 50% of theworkers in California. And, by 2050, the Hispanic population is projected to triple in the UnitedStates with 25% of the U.S. population being of Hispanic origin.The College of Engineering (CoE) at San José State

Conference Session

Enhancing K-12 STEM Education with Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tirupalavanam Ganesh, Arizona State University; John Thieken, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Information Technology Experiences forStudents and Teachers (ITEST) project. The project served over 100 students via a highlyengaging after-school engineering education program in four middle schools from traditionallyunder-represented populations.Seventh-grade students were engaged with the idea of designing a chain reaction after watchingthe “Cog” a 2003, Honda commercial. Notions of chain reactions such as local actions havingglobal impact were discussed. Students were provided with a variety of technology toolsbeginning with components for creating a simple circuit (switches, electrical cables, an lightemitting diode-LED, buzzers, and a battery pack) and household objects (cardboard, coathangers, aluminum foil, milk/juice cartons, etc). Students