Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock LaMeres, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University; Fred Cady, (Retired) Montana State University

optimize the performance of a digital system depending on the application need (i.e., performance, power, size, or fault tolerance). LaMeres' research is sponsored by NASA, the National Science Foundation, the Montana Space Grant Consortium, the National Space Grant Consortium, and the Office of Naval Research.Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University Carolyn Plumb is the Director of Educational Innovation and Strategic Projects in the College of Engineering at Montana State University (MSU). Plumb has been involved in engineering education for 20 years. At MSU, she works on various curriculum and instruction projects including instructional development for faculty and graduate students. She also

Conference Session

Launching Successful Academic Careers

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adrienne Minerick, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

the fundingthey seek. The perspectives provided are from one person’s experiences and not officiallyendorsed by any funding agency. The goal is to provide encouraging and tangible advice on hownew faculty can approach writing their first proposals and get them funded.The Top Ten Do’s & Don’ts to Earn Competitive Funding as a New Professor#1: Do over prepare the project idea and proposalPreparation is essential. Do an extensive literature search and include it in the proposal. Thisdemonstrates your command of the field and allows you to contextualize your own new, novelidea within the field. It is important to directly state how your proposed idea will contribute tothe knowledge in the field. Write frequently on the proposal, revise what

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Hanson, California Polytechnic State University; David Elton, Auburn University; Gary Welling, California Polytechnic State University; Daniel Pitts, Auburn University; Daniel Butler, Auburn University

AC 2010-518: USING VIDEO TECHNOLOGY TO EXTEND LEARNING STYLESIN A GEOTECHNICAL ENGINEERING LABORATORYJames Hanson, California Polytechnic State UniversityDavid Elton, Auburn UniversityGary Welling, California Polytechnic State UniversityDaniel Pitts, Auburn UniversityDaniel Butler, Auburn University Page 15.1345.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Using Video Technology to Extend Learning Styles in a Geotechnical Engineering LaboratoryAbstractThis paper presents an update for an ongoing project that involves extensive use of videotechnology for classroom activities in a geotechnical engineering laboratory. Specifically

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kendra Seniow, Oregon State University; Eric Nefcy, Oregon State University; Christine Kelly, Oregon State University; Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2010-1953: REPRESENTATIONS OF STUDENT MODEL DEVELOPMENT INVIRTUAL LABORATORIES BASED ON A COGNITIVE APPRENTICESHIPINSTRUCTIONAL DESIGNKendra Seniow, Oregon State University Kendra Seniow is an undergraduate student in Chemical Engineering, the University Honors College, and the International Studies Programs at Oregon State University. In pursuit of her University Honors College and International degrees, she is investigating student teams’ use of models during completion of the BioReactor Virtual Laboratory project, how similar educational principles can be applied to international development projects and how participation in both these authentic activities helps develop stronger

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jenefer Husman, Arizona State University; Jonathan Hilpert, Indiana University-Purdue University, Fort Wayne; Katrien Kraft, Arizona State University; Laura Baughman, Indiana University Purdue University Fort Wayne

a Microsoft Word document on the project screen. It is a syllabus. She points out the various components of the robot project and when they are due. She summarizes each component quickly and says things like, “Remember you need to make sure to fill out this status report professionally. On every status report you need to identify all members of the project, whose laptop you will use, and when the code will be written.” She pulls up the report template and goes through each component. She says that each group member needs to fill out the status report on their own, so she can compare the reports for discrepancies. She then puts up a slide about the importance of good team communication. The

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mani Mina, Iowa State University; Robert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University; John Krupczak, Hope College; James Young, Rice University

AC 2010-1140: 'EXPANDING TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY THROUGHENGINEERING MINORMani Mina, Iowa State UniversityJohn Krupczak, Hope CollegeRobert J. Gustafson, Ohio State UniversityJames Young, Rice University Page 15.4.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 EXPANDING TECHNOLOGICAL LITERACY THROUGH ENGINEERING MINOR(Due to the nature of this study, the names of the schools etc are not hidden from thereviewer, we apologize however, without the names the essence of this project could notbe correctly captured)This paper describes our effort to design, implement, and expand a valid platform forproviding a technological literacy program that is adaptable for a

Conference Session

Retention Strategies in Action Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amelito Enriquez, Canada College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

. Page 15.704.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Improving the Participation and Retention of Minority Students in Science and Engineering Through Summer Enrichment ProgramsAbstract:Although many California Community College students enter college with high levels of interestin science and engineering, their levels of preparation for college-level work, especially in mathand engineering, are so low that the majority of them drop out or change majors even beforetaking transfer-level courses. In 2008, Cañada College, a Hispanic-Serving community collegein Redwood City, CA, was awarded a Minority Science and Engineering Improvement Program(MSEIP) grant by the US Department of Education to develop and implement a project

Conference Session

Incorporating Advanced Technologies into Curriculums

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; John Mativo, The University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

within a senior level manufacturingengineering elective, ENGR 4801 – Rapid Prototyping and Reverse Engineering. Otherengineering majors and forensics minors can also take this course as a technical elective with theapproval of their academic advisors. The ENGR 4801 is a 3 credit course, with two 50 minutelecture and one 2 and ½ hour laboratory time weekly. It is also offered as a graduate elective forthe MS in Engineering Management program.Literature ReviewA literature review conducted by the authors indicated the various ways reverse engineeringmethodology and its tools utilized in engineering education. Following is a brief summary of theliterature review. Goss presented a non-educational project where he used the CADKEYgeometry generation

Conference Session

Issues and Directions in ET Education & Administration: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Johnson, Rochester Institute of Technology; Brian Thorn, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

tenured and tenure track faculty are expected to perform scholarly work, but this may or maynot include sponsored research at any given time. While some faculty work plans are morefocused on research than others, in most cases when research projects are approved, teachingassignments must be offloaded to free up the required people. Lecturers and adjunct faculty fillthis need, but it is possible to outstrip the existing supply, and often difficult to bring on newtalent with short notice. In the tables and models that follow the number of individual faculty ineach proposal, the full time equivalent amount of effort promised in the project plan, theequivalent effort of graduate students, and the total amount of funding is identified. It should

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Blekhman; Jason Keith; Ahmad Sleiti; Eileen Cashman; Peter Lehman; Richard Engel; Michael Mann; Hossein Salehfar

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Technological University,University of North Carolina Charlotte and University of North Dakota.The participating universities are actively developing a variety of new curricula or modificationsto existing majors. A detailed account of curricular activities is given by the authors in a sisterpublication1. Recognizing the inherent complexity of the topic and a multitude of new concepts,the HFCT programs are integrating laboratory practicum and projects supporting studentlearning.Both equipment available on the market and custom-built laboratory units are discussed. Overthe recent years, several manufacturers have come forward with HFCT equipment offerings.Equipment's performance, integration into courses and variety of adopted applications at

Conference Session

Sustainable Energy Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liping Guo, Northern Illinois University; Andrew Brewer, Northern Illinois University; Brett Speiser, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

become a need to develop solar battery chargers for more portable batteries, such as Nickelmetal hydride (NiMH) and Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries for military and consumer applications.This paper describes the development of a solar battery charger for Li-ion batteries. Twoelectrical engineering technology undergraduate students formed a senior design project team todesign and implement a solar battery charger. A senior design project is an integral part of theundergraduate engineering technology degree program requirements at Northern IllinoisUniversity. All students are required to complete a two-semester long (4 credit hours) seniordesign project.Charging a battery requires a regulated dc voltage. However, the voltage supplied by a

Conference Session

Innovation in ECET Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Li Tan, Purdue University, North Central; Jean Jiang, Purdue University, North Central

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

labs. Each developed lab requires bothMATLAB simulations and real-time DSP using a floating-point digital signal processor,TX320TMS67C13 DSK. In addition, students are required to develop comprehensive real-timeDSP projects and demonstrate their working projects in class.We will outline our course learning outcomes and DSP laboratories with both MATLABsimulations and hands-on real-time DSP. Then, we will focus on describing real-time DSPpedagogies for our laboratory implementations. We will also examine the course assessmentaccording to our collected data from course evaluation, student surveys and student course work,and finally we will address improvement of the course based on our assessment.I. IntroductionThe application and use of digital

Conference Session

Automation Subjects in Manufacturing Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University; Albert Sun, St. Mary's University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

networking, blogs, wikis, web conferencing, and shared applications) suggeststhat these technologies are now mature and well-established enough to become a regular part ofengineering education.This paper describes developments in an ongoing NSF project that aims to combine instructionalmaterials for system integration problem-solving with Web 2.0 tools to create collaborativelearning environments that allow teams to work and learn together in solving system integrationproblems. The first stage in this project involves the following steps: 1) identify what modes ofcommunication are currently being used to facilitate collaboration within the system integrationindustry; 2) determine how this communication culture be translated into a virtual

Conference Session

Exemplary Outreach Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2010-303: PROMOTING AN INTEREST IN ENGINEERING THROUGH ARTCraig Gunn, Michigan State University Page 15.1001.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Promoting an Interest in Engineering Through ArtAbstractThe project presented in this paper is designed to draw connections between engineering and thecreative arts, especially for high school students in 9th through 12th grades. The idea is supportedby the literature of the time that states that the current generation of students both in high schooland college are no longer looking simply for a technical education. They are looking to pursueengineering with an ever increasing focus on creativity and

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jian Peng, Southeast Missouri State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

, computer architecture, and peripheral hardware issues are discussed throughout thecourse so that the students gain a working knowledge of these topics. Hands-on learning isemphasized through simulation, hardware and software labs, and a final project. Also weemphasize the system-level design, high-level language, and connections between the Clanguage, assembly, and the underline hardware architecture. The outcomes of this course haveshown that this approach (1) inspires engineering physics students to be interested inmicrocontrollers, (2) provides students with a less compartmentalized view of manyhardware/software topics, and finally (3) underscores the importance of system-level design withjust enough understanding about individual components or

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering - Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Showkat Chowdhury, Alabama A&M University; Mohamed Seif, Alabama A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

the various causes of this low representation, and then discusses some remedies.Based on a survey conducted, involvement of undergraduate students in research or projectsrelated to their discipline, financial assistance and proper mentoring were found to be among thetop factors that can improve the learning outcome and retention of underrepresented minoritystudents in engineering.A group of ten undergraduate engineering students were engaged in a challenging project todevelop a high power Rocketry Program at Alabama A&M University in cooperation withNASA and Alabama Space Grant Consortium. The students were involved in the design,construction, testing, launching, and recovery of a reusable rocket with a science payload. Theactivities

Conference Session

Innovative Pedagogies for Teaching Introductory Materials

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Krause, Arizona State University; Elliot Douglas, University of Florida; Cindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University; Michael Prince, Bucknell University; Trevor Harding, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Materials

Mechanical Engineers, and the US National Science Foundation-sponsored SUCCEED Coalition. He is also active in the POGIL project; he has been invited to attend the last three POGIL National Meetings and serves on the Education Research Committee for the project. He has received several awards for his work, including the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers, the Ralph Teetor Education Award from the Society of Automotive Engineers, being named a University of Florida Distinguished Teaching Scholar, and being named the University of Florida Teacher of the Year for 2003-04. He is a member of the American Society for Engineering Education, the American Educational

Conference Session

Engaging Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leslie Hadaway, Norwood High School; Megan Urbaitis, Norwood High School; Regina Lamendella, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Daniel Oerther, University of Cincinnati; Andrea Burrows, The University of Cincinnati; Mike Borowczak, The University of Cincinnati; Anant Kukreti, The University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

paper presents an innovative teaching approach, how it is implemented, student responseresults of the implementation, and the assessment of impact on student learning. The findings arebased on surveys given to the students after each lab lesson taught in partnership with university(Project STEP) and community members. The purpose of this paper is to showcase authentic molecular technology research methods thathave been incorporated into a high school level water quality study in cooperation with awatershed restoration program. Typically, water quality studies focus on chemical analysis suchas pH, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, orthophosphates, nitrates, temperature,turbidity, macro-invertebrate survey and fecal coliform cultures

Conference Session

Innovations in First Year Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zane Mitchell, University of Southern Indiana; Marco Lara Gracia, University of Southern Indiana; Ronald Diersing, University of Southern Indiana; Glen Kissel, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

through a summer program at thecompletion of their freshman year with one-on-one mentoring with faculty members for thatsummer, their sophomore year, and the summer after their sophomore year. The first offering ofthis program occurred during summer of 2009 with three engineering faculty members selectedto provide guidance to four freshmen. The students had the opportunity to not only work on theirprojects, but also to learn about projects that other students and faculty were doing in the basicsciences. This paper will present the early results of this program, both for the summer portionand the on-going mentoring relationships. Assessment methods include student performance intheir sophomore classes and qualitative assessment of student

Conference Session

Assessment & Continuous Improvement in ECET: Part II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Youakim Al Kalaani, Georgia Southern University; Shonda Bernadin, GSU

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

identified by EET faculty as qualifying measures forevaluating the program outcomes. These measures can be categorized as: I- Direct Measures: ≠ Multiple course-level outcomes, typically measured with standards established in a rubric that contribute to a program level outcome. ≠ Single and multiple faculty assessments of a student presentation using a rubric- based assessment tool. ≠ Peer assessment of a student presentation using a rubric-based assessment tool. ≠ Faculty evaluation of a senior project. ≠ Faculty evaluation of student laboratory reports. Assessment is made from selected technical courses from across the curriculum. II- Indirect Measures

Conference Session

Faculty & Program Exchanges: Internationalizing, Collaborations, Interactions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sabina Jeschke, Aachen University of Technology (RWTH); Lars Knipping, Technische Universitaet Berlin; Olivier Pfeiffer; Nina Reinecke, Technische Universitaet Berlin; Erhard Zorn, Technische Universitaet Berlin

Tagged Divisions

International

robots, research cooperation in virtual worlds and cooperating IT systems, in particular cloud computing. In addition to her full professorship in Aachen, she holds a co-professorship at the University of Stuttgart, targeted towards the coordination of several eResearch projects. Sabina Jeschke received her diploma (M.Sc.) in physics at the Berlin Institute of Technology in 1997, graduating with distinction. Holding a scholarship from the German National Academic Foundation, she spent several months of research at NASA in Moffet Field, CA/USA during her studies. From 08/2000 to 05/2001, she worked as an assistant professor at GaTech (Georgia Institute of Technology

Conference Session

Innovations in Civil Engineering Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Burian, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

references to sustainability at the lowerlevels, targeted modules in junior and senior level courses, and dedicated project-based electivesat the senior and introductory graduate level. A sustainability knowledge survey wasadministered to students at the sophomore, senior, and Masters levels to determine their relativeknowledge of terminology, concepts, and practice as it relates to sustainability and civilengineering. The results were analyzed to determine the relative knowledge and depth ofunderstanding of sustainability at the three levels that have been exposed to different levels ofsustainability content in the civil engineering curriculum. The results are also synthesized withanalysis of student recognition of sustainability in course

Conference Session

Student Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Atchison, Drexel University; Dorothea Holmes-Stanley, St. Cyprian's School; Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University; Eli Fromm, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Scientist with the Legislative Office of Research Liaison of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives. He has been Principal Investigator of a number of bioengineering research projects involving implantable transmitters and sensors and their use in physiologic measurements. He was the Principal Investigator of the Drexel E4 educational reform project, the Gateway Engineering Education Coalition and is currently PI of an NSF funded GK-12 project. He is member of the NAE and a fellow of the ASEE, the IEEE, and the AIMBE. He is the recipient of a number of other awards and honors including the Bernard M. Gordon Prize of the National Academy of Engineering

Conference Session

High School Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Prevost, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Mitchell Nathan, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Benjamin Stein, University of Wisconsin; Allen Phelps, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

and at the Center on Education and Work. He uses experimental and discourse-based research methods to understand the cognitive, social and embodied nature of STEM learning and instruction. He is currently co-principal investigator of the AWAKEN project in engineering education, along with Professors Sandra Shaw Courter and L. Allen Phelps.Benjamin Stein, University of Wisconsin Benjamin Stein is a graduate student in the Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, where his work is in hyperspectral laser design. Before returning to school, he worked as a math instructor at Stern College for Women of Yeshiva University and an electronics design engineer at ASML. These experiences as an

Conference Session

Innovative Courses/Pedagogies in Liberal Education II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Ross, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

time and are not even necessarilyconsistent. Whether or not a planet will be hospitable and welcoming to intelligent life seems inmany instances unpredictable. Academic courses are a little like that.The “freshman comp” course described in this paper exists within a “first year” program in theCollege of Engineering; it covers basic communication skills, research, oral presentations, andelementary project management; it addresses professional and liberal education issues; itattempts to create a “learning community” by focusing on the big theme of “space exploration.”At UW-Madison this course has its home in a Technical Communication program within theCollege of Engineering; additionally, the opportunity and empowerment to innovate have

Conference Session

Tablet and Portable PCs for Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lin Li, Prairie View A&M University; Sherri Frizell, Prairie View A&M University; Yonggao Yang, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

PCs and interactive teachingapplications have proven to be effective in increasing student engagement and supporting teacherinstruction. More importantly, leveraging these technologies, innovative teaching methodologiescan be developed to improve lecturing efficiency and facilitate assessment. This paper presentsan on-going project in the Computer Science Department at Prairie View A&M University thatfocuses on revamping the teaching of computer science and engineering courses by incorporatingtablet PCs and modern educational technology into the classroom. The goal of the project is toenhance student and teacher interaction, improve teaching effectiveness, and increase students’interests in course content.In this paper, we describe the

Conference Session

Engaging Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Junko Munakata-Marr, Colorado School of Mines; Jennifer Schneider, Colorado School of Mines; Barbara Moskal, Colorado School of Mines; Carl Mitcham, Colorado School of Mines; Jon Leydens, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

working with sanitation treatment systems in the developed and developing world. Bothofferings of the case-study module involved two team assignments, a small-scale case study of acommunity in a developing country and a major semester-long design project focused on a U.S.community, as detailed in the sections that follow. The nontechnical content was intentionallyintegrated into the course using a case-study approach. This section summarizes the design andimplementation of the instructional activity.Course Instructors. To support student learning with respect to both the technical andnontechnical issues, three instructors collaborated on case-study module implementation. Thefirst instructor was the environmental engineer involved in developing

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation in Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Facciol, University of Toronto; Lisa Romkey, University of Toronto; Jason Foster, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

methodologies and expectations within specific engineeringdisciplines is an important first step in developing a curriculum that enables engineers to workacross those disciplines. An instrument that supports the analysis of a Faculty’s progressiontowards this end is a valuable addition to the engineering design educator’s toolbox.Introduction and MotivationThe goal of this project was to design an instrument to assess the student perception ofengineering design and how it evolves through courses and over time. The instrument design wasinformed by examining four capstone design courses from across the Faculty of Applied Scienceand Engineering at the University of Toronto; more specifically, from the disciplines ofChemical, Electrical & Computer

Conference Session

Programmatic Issues in Physics or Engineering Phys

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Randy Buchanan, University of Southern Mississippi; Christopher Winstead, University of Southern Mississippi; Anton Netchaev, University of Southern Mississippi; Steven Allee, University of Southern Mississippi

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

measurement of H2 concentration in the purge gas. A commercialH2 sensor will be characterized for use as the real-time sensor and H2 concentration as anindicator of the effectiveness of the purging process, thus enabling the minimizing of heliumwaste. A test apparatus for water and liquid nitrogen flow research was retrofitted to provide formeasurement of hydrogen in a helium flow stream. Results are currently being compiled but willbe presented in the final paper, as well as the overall process and activities related to studentlearning.Student InvolvementThe project was the result of collaboration between the programs of Physics and ElectronicsEngineering Technology. Students participated in the design, specification, acquisition, andinstallation of

Conference Session

Thinking, Reasoning & Engineering in Elementary School

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Pelletier, Northern Essex Community College; Linda Desjardins, Northern Essex Community College; Paul Chanley, Northern Essex Community College; Lori Heymans, Northern Essex Community College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

AC 2010-1411: TEACHING ENGINEERING ACROSS ELEMENTARY SCHOOLSMichael Pelletier, Northern Essex Community CollegeLinda Desjardins, Northern Essex Community CollegePaul Chanley, Northern Essex Community CollegeLori Heymans, Northern Essex Community College Page 15.1171.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Teaching Engineering Across Elementary SchoolsAbstract:As part of a grant-funded three-year project, a cooperative effort took place to introduceEngineering is Elementary (EiE) into the elementary schools of four public school systems.Twenty-two teachers, one from each elementary school in the four school districts, weredesignated as lead teachers