Conference Session

Pedagogy and Assessment in ECE III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Kelnhofer, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Stephen Williams, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Owe Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

deliver the results required for continuous improvement. At thesame time the process should on a steady basis be able to provide the data that is expected to bean integral component in the preparation of the ABET Self-Study when the time comes forrequesting accreditation.In this paper we describe such a process. The process consists of three components: 1. A fast feedback procedure to implement continuous improvement at the course level. This procedure includes a course improvement form completed by the course instructor that documents their positive and negative reflections, suggested actions for course improvement, and deviations from the institutional syllabus in their offering of the course. A mechanism for

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martin Morris, Bradley University; Scott Post, Bradley University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

off a natural gasfueled engine that was also used to power the machine tools in their bicycle shop. Their tunnelwas square with an area of 16” by 16”, and 6 foot long, with a maximum test speed of 35 mph.Figure 1: Force balance used in Wright Brothers’ wind tunnel.In the early 20th century in Europe, the main users of wind tunnels were Gustave Eiffel in Franceand Ludwig Prandtl in Germany. Before beginning wind tunnel testing, Eiffel performedaerodynamic tests by dropping objects off his famous tower. Prandtl built the first closed circuitwind tunnel in 1908.In the United States, the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) oversaw someof the most important advances in wind tunnels including the NACA Variable Density Tunnel(VDT

Conference Session

Issues and Directions in Engineering Technology Education & Administration: Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Kelnhofer, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Robert Strangeway, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Edward Chandler, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Owe Petersen, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

path to an engineering career: 1. Engineering technology must clearly distinguish the four-year engineering technology academic paths that prepare graduates for an engineering career. It is especially important to distinguish these from two-year programs. 2. The academic curricula of four-year engineering technology programs must have a greater academic uniformity of rigor as is recognized through the accreditation process to be necessary in the preparation for an engineering career. 3. Four-year engineering technology programs should continue to support inclusion in the current single federal government job classification of engineering. 4. The engineering technology community must work with those

Conference Session

Sustainability, Service Learning, and Entreprenuership

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Skokan, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

sustainabledevelopment concepts, exposed the students to the challenges of sustainable development froman engineering design perspective. The course objectives were that students would: 1. Be able to define sustainability 2. Identify sustainability issues in the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere 3. Apply the engineering design process to sustainable projects 4. Summarize methods to measure sustainability 5. Analyze examples of sustainable and non-sustainable programs.Participants were also exposed to field experiences to observe issues in sustainability.Assessment of the course objectives illustrates the need for cooperation among engineering andother disciplines, such as economics and politics, in the design process for a sustainable

Conference Session

Improving Student Entrepreneurial Skills

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Raviv, Florida Atlantic University; David Barbe, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

toVenture” (I2V), and more recently the “Advanced Invention to Venture” (AI2V). The proposedworkshop is based on a need for an additional type of workshop modeled in part after the I2Vand AI2V: an innovation-focused workshop. The new workshop can be offered independently,or as an add-on to (or part of) I2V or AI2V workshops. The program consists of two parts: 1. Traits of Innovative Individuals Participants will learn about: (a) Traits of innovative individuals, and (b) enhancing individuals’ innovative skills. Innovators share some common traits, many of which can be learned and enhanced. Inparticular, this part of the workshop will present traits such as observing, thinking,experimenting, teaming, dreaming, persisting

Conference Session

Innovation and Measuring Success in Graduate Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joy Watson, University of South Carolina; Jed Lyons, University of South Carolina

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

enhancestudents’ leadership skills and technical knowledge are: 1) academic research training, 2)academic and industry partnerships in research, and 3) learner centered courses. Otherinstructional strategies, such as degree or certificate programs in leadership do exist, but they donot show evidence of strengthening students’ technical knowledge. This paper focuses onprograms whose goal is both to educate doctoral students with technical knowledge and enhancetheir leadership abilities.Academic Research Training Programs. Engineering doctoral education in the United States isbased largely on an apprenticeship model. The degree includes of technical courses, a researchbased dissertation, and comprehensive exams. Students are assigned or choose a supervisor

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Physics or Engineering Physics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University; Alexandru Belu, Case Western Research University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Physics & Physics

computer through a mix of numerical analysis, analytical models, andprogramming to solve otherwise intractable problems. It is a skill that can be acquiredand refined - knowing how to set up the simulation, what numerical methods to employ,how to implement them efficiently, when to trust the accuracy of the results. In the lasttwo decades, however, computational physics has largely been neglected in the standarduniversity physics curriculum1-5. In part, this is because it requires balanced integration ofthree commonly disjoint disciplines: physics, numerical analysis, and computer Page 15.46.2programming (Figure 1). The lack of computing hardware

Conference Session

Innovations in Power Education in ECE

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

transformers, DC machines,induction motors, synchronous machines, single-phase and special motors. The on-sitelaboratory consists currently of eight experiments, conducted during the course of a term, byusing ElectroVolt educational system. They are: 1) Getting Familiar with the Laboratory; 2)Measuring Impedance and Power; 3) Transformer Excitation, Transformer EquivalentCircuit; 4) DC Generators; 5) DC Motor Load Characteristics; 6) Synchronous Machines; 7)Induction Machines; and 8) Single-Phase Motors.II. Virtual LaboratoryThere are several benefits, advantages, as well as drawbacks of the virtual laboratoriescomparing to the traditional ones. However, this section is not intended to provide acomprehensive coverage of the benefits and drawbacks of

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Drexel University; Darko Korain, Desert Research Institute

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

provides the learner with information aboutthe most important functions, principles and operational problems of each of the renewableenergy sources included.1. IntroductionClimate changes, environmental concerns, high fossil fuel price, and limited world fossil fuelsreserves are driving the increasing search for new alternative and green energy resources. Theseenvironmental concerns and the ever-increasing need for electrical power generation and steadyprogress in power deregulation have created increased interest in environmentally consciousdistributed generation. Of particular interest are alternative energy distributed generation(AEDG) systems such as wind, photovoltaic (PV), and fuel cell (FC) power generation deviceswith zero (or near zero

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yusuf Mehta, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

problems were assigned before any exampleproblems were solved in the class. During the class, the faculty was available to answer anyquestions they may have. At the end, after solving the problem in class, the solution wasdistributed. This allowed the students to see how they thought through the problem as well asprovided them with a correct solution for future reference.The purpose of this paper is to present a detailed assessment data of both these courses over aperiod of five years. The assessment period includes before and after the innovative techniqueswas implemented. The paper also presents the metrics that were used for assessing thesecourses. The paper demonstrates the following two aspects; 1) the assessment tool, and 2) theeffectiveness

Conference Session

Electrical & Computer Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher Carroll, University of Minnesota, Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

arithmeticcircuits (multi-digit adders, multipliers), hardware data structure implementation (stack, queue),and memory circuits. Examples of each of these types of experiments and how they use thisoscilloscope display are presented in this paper.The DisplayThe sixteen-digit seven-segment display instrument used in theapplications described here produces an oscilloscope display asshown in Figure 1. The circuit that generates this display isshown in Figure 2. This circuit has been described in detail inan earlier ASEE paper1 and so will not be carefully describedhere. It is used as an output device for the various applicationsto be documented in this paper. Figure 1. Display

Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Developments and Implementations

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine Tront, Virginia Tech; Jeanna Stewart, Virginia Tech; Glenda Scales, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

International

. Figure 1 below shows the gender statistics within the College of Engineering. In 2008,83.1% of our engineering students were male, while only 16.9% were women. However, asFigure 2 shows, 42 of the 116 students who participated in international programs within theCollege of Engineering that year were women. This clearly illustrates that women are veryinterested in international programs. The International Programs office participates in variousevents for undergraduate students such as Women in Engineering in order to recruit morefemales to both engineering and international programs. These opportunities to recruit studentshelp to grow the programs, while also providing valuable exposure of the many internationalopportunities that are available to

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Valenzuela, Auburn University; Jeffrey Smith, Auburn University; Ben Reece, Auburn University; David Shannon, Auburn University

programming skills in solving engineering problems without having to be explicitly told todo so. During Phase 1 of the project, we are exploring the feasibility of our framework and havedeveloped and evaluated five instructive modules for four IE professional courses in ourcurriculum.Modeling FrameworkThe methods that are commonly used to achieve educational objectives include: lectures,experimental laboratory, design projects, case studies, games, and internships1. All of thesemethods are used in teaching IE courses in the Industrial and Systems Engineering Department atAuburn University. However, the lecture method is by far our most common approach forinstruction. This is also the case at most other engineering academic departments. One of

Conference Session

Design in BME Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Gettens, Western New England College; Michael Rust, Western New Engalnd College; Diane Testa, Western New England College; Judy Cezeaux, Western New England College

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

seen in the medical deviceindustry. The idea to incorporate QSR and FDA design control guidance was generated largely throughthe Department’s industrial advisory board. Members of our board from the medical deviceindustry see a knowledge gap in QSR and design control in recent hires from the general pool ofengineering graduates. The incorporation of these elements into our capstone design course, notjust in theory, but in practice, seeks to alleviate this gap.Introduction According to the 2009 AIMBE biomedical engineering placement survey, 49% ofbachelor-level graduates obtained employment in industry.1 The U.S. Department of Laborprojects an employment growth rate of 72% for biomedical engineers in the decade 2008-2018.This growth rate is

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Intercultural Awareness and International Experience

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan Parkinson, Brigham Young University; C. Greg Jensen, Brigham Young University; Holt Zaugg, Brigham Young University; Spencer Magleby, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

International

highest priorities for all graduates.”1 The development of globalcompetence for all (or even most) engineering graduates is a very challenging task. First, asdiscussed by Parkinson et al.,2 the term “global competence” encompasses a broad range ofattributes and skills. Second, a scalable blueprint is needed to guide the modification ofengineering curriculum so that it combines engineering fundamentals and practice with globalcompetence development. This second challenge may well be the greatest considering theconstraints of a typically overloaded engineering program. Traditional approaches to developingglobal competence, such as faculty-supervised study abroad programs, while potentially effectiveare resource intensive as course sizes are

Conference Session

Materials Selection & Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Olshefsky, ASTM International

Tagged Divisions

Materials

technical and business environment.Origins of Technical StandardsA standard can be defined as an agreed-upon way of doing something. The technical standardsthat we know today evolved from early standards for fundamental quantities of length, mass, andtime. Standards are known to have existed as early as 7000 B.C., when cylindrical stones wereused as units of weight in Egypt. One of the first known attempts at standardization in theWestern world occurred in 1120. King Henry I of England ordered that the ell, the ancient yard,should be the exact length of his forearm, and that it should be used as the standard unit of lengthin his kingdom.1 Today, standards are developed through a consensus opinion of internationaltechnical experts for materials

Conference Session

Two-Year College Potpourri

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farzin Heidari, Texas A&M University, Kingsville

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

technologycoursework. Student success depends on their ability to demonstrate mastery through allcoursework required in degree plan. Table 1 delineates earned credit hours for each course in Page 15.1090.2this degree plan (Northwestern Michigan College, 2009 degree plan). The degree plan consistsof 64 total credit hours to include 18 credit hours of drafting and design, 6 credit hours of manualmachining, 6 credit hours of CNC and CAM, and 12 hours of other related technical courses.The remaining 22 credit hours are allotted to general education coursework (Table 1). Associate in Applied Science Degree (A.A.S

Conference Session

Post BS Entrepreneurship Education Needs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Green, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

innovation education offeringsis presented in table 1, along with the fit of the Entrepreneurship and Innovation Program (EIP).Table 1. Mtech’s entrepreneurship and innovation education offerings High School • Young Scholars Summer Program Juniors & – ENES140: Discovering New Ventures Seniors – ENES141: Tech. Marketing & Product Development • Young Scholars Spring Program – Spring course offering to students of Whitman and Walter Johnson high schools in Bethesda General Activities • Technology Freshmen • Freshmen

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Naomi Chesler, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Elizabeth Bagley, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Eric Breckenfeld, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Devin West, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Alison Stace-Naughton, Dartmouth College; David Shaffer, University of Wisconsin, Madison

inFigure 1. The students’ assigned task is to design anext-generation dialyzer that incorporates carbonnanotubes into the hollow fibers that filter toxins outof the patient’s blood. This task is assigned to themby the head of research and development, a non-player character, and explained to them in depth by Figure 1. Commercially available dialyzerstheir engineering manager, a live mentor, who also from CVP Medical Technology 8.supplies some introductory background material.Because the virtual environment is constrained, students will be able to vary only four elements ofthe dialyzer: hollow fiber material, percent carbon nanotubes, material processing method andsurfactant

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock LaMeres, Montana State University; Carolyn Plumb, Montana State University; Fred Cady, (Retired) Montana State University

understanding of microprocessor systems can be improved byadding hands-on measurements and if a remote laboratory experience can maintain or improvethe level of understanding compared to the control group.In this paper, we report on the development of the assessment tools used in this project, includingthe creation of a grading rubric to achieve a finer resolution on the scores of the short answerquestions. We also report on the preliminary data collected on the control group and thedevelopment strategy for the measurement-based laboratory experiments.1. IntroductionA microprocessor is the fundamental building block of the modern digital computer. Computersystems have and will continue to be integrated into every aspect of our lives as we move

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hussain Alafaireet, Missouri University of Science and Technology; Jennifer Leopold, Missouri University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

AC 2010-417: AN EVALUATION OF THE USE OF A COMMERCIAL GAMEENGINE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL SOFTWAREHussain Alafaireet, Missouri University of Science and TechnologyJennifer Leopold, Missouri University of Science and Technology Page 15.148.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Page 15.148.2 ! ∀# !∃ % #! % &&!∋ % (∋) ∋ )!∗&% % (% #% ! #∋ % ! ∀%+ ,∀− % ∀!&% .#∋ .%, ∋ ( ..∋#!% /&∀ % 0+ ∀ (. % #! % %!. ∋ ( ∋ %− % #!∗) .%, &(! . ) %) )∀) %#! %− ∋!∗ 0, − #% ( ∋ %+ ) . ∋!% % ∋%! ∀ ∀∗ &∋% . % #!%) #! %− . %∀ !! ∀% (1

Conference Session

Mentoring First Year Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daina Briedis, Michigan State Univesity; Nathaniel Ehrlich, Michigan State University; Colleen McDonough, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan State University; Thomas Wolff, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

that it would be helpful 52% I was doubtful that it would be helpful 30% I did not think it would be helpful at all 5% The percentages for Q3 do not add to 100% because of rounding; 13.7%, 51.7%, 29.8% and 4.9% were the exact numbersThe first three questions provided background to the critical question of whether there was achange in student perception as a result of the CF program, and, if there was, what was thenature of the change?Question 4 stated, “Now that the semester is nearly over, how has your expectation changed?”The results are shown in Figure 1. Page 15.1221.6

Conference Session

Measuring the Impacts of Project-Based Service Learning on Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shi-Jer Lou, National PingTung University of Science and Techno; Shun-Yuan Chuang, National Kaohsiung Normal University; Hsiang-jen Meng, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology; Ron Chuen Yeh, Meiho Institute of Technology, Taiwan; Kuo-Hung Tseng, Meiho Institute of Technology; Chi-Cheng Chang, National Taipei University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

students’ projects and learning processes of STEM websitesfollowed by questionnaire and interview to explore students’ learning satisfaction. Themajor findings of the study were: 1. students from different educational systemsdemonstrate different characteristics of works; 2. DIY is the most critical design factorof STEM in PBL; 3. technology is discussed the most, whereas mathematics isdiscussed the least on the forum of the website; and 4. “teaching material design ofSTEM activity” is the most significant factor of students’ learning satisfaction.Keywords: STEM, Project-Based Learning (PBL),Research Background and MotivesIn recent years, the U.S. has placed emphasis on the development of Science,Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM), and

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Flikkema, Northern Arizona University; Jeff Frolik, University of Vermont; Carol Haden, Magnolia Consulting; Tom Weller, University of South Florida

the necessarily complex-engineered solutions forthem. A multi-university NSF-sponsored collaboration has implemented a modular, web-enhanced course that aims to develop the systems-thinking skills necessary to tackle theseproblems in the specific context of the engineering of environmental wireless sensor networks(WSNs). As part of this effort, we have developed and are currently testing hands-onexperiments that introduce students to the range of engineering skills that are the foundation ofWSN engineering. These experiments are based on two platforms: (1) a development board thatcan be used with a plug-in microcontroller/radio module to prototype simple WSN nodes and (2)a powerful circuit- and system-level simulator. The development board

Conference Session

Post BS Entrepreneurship Education Needs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jerome Schaufeld, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Gretar Tryggvason, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; McRae Banks, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

proposition, its commercial feasibility, the various risk factors, and the resourcesrequired. The class was divided into five separate groups, but all groups worked on the sameoverall problem. Additionally, excerpts from the writings of thought leaders on innovation, suchas Carlson, Christensen, and Porter, were included. To give us more time for extendeddiscussions, the class met twice a week, for two lecture hours each time. The syllabus for the fallof 2009 is shown in figure 1.Our institution operates on a somewhat unusual academic calendar where each semester is splitinto two seven-week terms. Terms A and B are taught in the fall (September to December) andterms C and D are taught in the spring (January to April). During each academic term

Conference Session

Frontiers in Engineering Economy

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John White, University of Arkansas; Kenneth Case, Oklahoma State University; David Pratt, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

-year period.Before-Tax Analysis with Negligible InflationIn performing before-tax analyses of the payment plans in the absence of inflation, we began byusing a 9% lender’s interest rate, which is the same rate used for the lender in the Grant, Ireson,Leavenworth 8th edition, The cash flows for the four plans, based on a 9% lender’s interest rate,are shown in Table 1. Letting the borrower’s TVOM be 9%, we computed the borrower’s presentworth for lender’s interest rates ranging from 0% to 15%; Figure 1 contains the results.Since the borrower receives $100,000 from the lender and repays the loan over a 10-year period,the borrower prefers the payment plan with the greatest present worth based on the borrower’sTVOM. As expected, when the lender’s

Conference Session

Trends in Mechanical Engineering I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Rodriguez, Western Michigan University; Alamgir Choudhury, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

proposed design is feasible and validate itsrobustness. The major steps carried out were as follows:1. CAD modeling and Finite Element Analysis (FEA). The initial step is CAD solid modeling and, before FEA can begin, some FBD (free body diagrams – Figure 2) had to be generated and evaluated in order to have proper forces specified in the FEA. The FEA was used to simulate real life operating conditions on the component5. Through this process, the forces calculated in the FBDs, with the corresponding boundary conditions, were applied.2. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). FMEA is a process that is used to analyze all the different types of failure that could occur to the product1,6. FMEA improves the product functionality, reduces

Conference Session

Industry Sponsored Research and Project Initiatives in Industrial Technology & Industrial Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Rodriguez, Western Michigan University; Alamgir Choudhury, Western Michigan University; Luis Rodriguez, University of Wisconsin - Waukesha

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

redesigned electric nailfile.MethodologyThe project followed typical steps in engineering design process: 1. Research the existing devices in the market and identify issues that users might have. A survey was used in this phase. 2. Brainstorm to determine alternatives to address the issues with the initial goals in mind. 3. Evaluate concepts and implement in parametric CAD the top ideas in order to have better visualization and ability to make modification for improvement. 4. Fully develop the selected alternative. All components were modeled using Pro/E (most common software in shops in the area). Models of parts and assemblies, STL files for rapid prototyping, and production drawings for manufacturing were generated

Conference Session

Case Studies, Engineering Education and Outcome Assessment Around the Globe

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ivan Esparragoza, Pennsylvania State University; Ricardo Mejia, Universidad EAFIT; Carlos Rodriguez, Universidad EAFIT

Tagged Divisions

International

teams geographically disperse around the world.Based on the evolution of group-work, and the different ways of interaction among partners in ateam, Table 1 summarizes the different scenarios of collaboration. Due to globalization, currenttendencies on engineering projects are requiring teams to interact in a distant synchronous orasynchronous way. This is forcing companies and engineering communities to start working withnovel information and communication technologies in order to enhance engineering processes. Tab. 1 Space vs. Time matrix7 Time Same Different Co-situated

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Rowland, Dept. of Civil & Mechanical Engineerint at United States Military Academy; Andrew Bellocchio, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

) iscompleted in about a week’s time and allows students to develop some initial continuity andexperience working with balsa wood construction that can be used again in a future project.Students are then able to focus more effort and energy on some more advanced concepts for theirsecond design. Overall the design projects are nested in these courses to support the followingmechanical engineering program outcomes of the institution:Outcome #1. An ability to identify and formulate engineering problems and apply knowledge ofmathematics, science, and engineering along with creativity skills to solve those problems inmechanical engineering and Army contexts.Outcome #2. An ability to design and realize thermal and mechanical systems, components, orprocesses