Conference Session

Women in K-12 Engineeering & Outreach Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ari Epstein, MIT; Beverly Mire, Cambridge Youth Programs; Trent Ramsey, Cambridge Youth Programs; Karen Gareis, Goodman Research Group; Emily Davidson, MIT; Elizabeth Jones, MIT; Michelle Slosberg, MIT; Rafael Bras, MIT

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Youth Radio. She also teaches media literacy and video production for Healthy Malden, Inc., and for the Association for Retarded Citizens of Eastern Middlesex (Mass.). A youth media specialist since 1992, her primary focus is using media as a tool to engage underserved youth in activities that will expose them to college life.Trent Ramsey, Cambridge Youth Programs TRENT RAMSEY is the Director of the Area IV Youth Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Before joining the youth center staff, Trent served as the Executive Director of YouthServe, Inc., a youth-serving nonprofit in Birmingham, Alabama. He has worked in the field of youthwork and youth advocacy for 15 years. He graduated from

Conference Session

Innovative Courses/Pedagogies in Liberal Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle Simmons, University of Utah; Susan Sample, University of Utah; April Kedrowicz, University of Utah

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

collaborative writing skills; and (d)feedback from the instructional team guiding continuous improvement in the course.BackgroundCollaboration and communication impact engineering practice in profound ways. Engineers needto be creative, innovative problem solvers, often under time constraints. As a result, effectiveteamwork and communication are paramount. To equip students with the teamwork andcommunication skills necessary for engineering practice, educators have developed variousapproaches including writing across the curriculum, cooperative project-based learning, andintegrated communication instruction. For more than ten years, we have integrated teamwork andcommunication (oral and written) instruction into the freshman and senior

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University; Viatcheslav Naoumov, Central Connecticut State University; Zbigniew Prusak, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, size, number of passengers, and power source.Students’ reflections and feedback demonstrate that this project is very suitable in offeringgraduating seniors unique opportunities to improve their analytical abilities, develop design,organizational, and project management skills, gain experience in working in multi-disciplinaryteams, solve cutting-edge engineering problems, and familiarize themselves with aerospacechallenges. Numerous other skills acquired in this project, such as leadership, managerial andinterpersonal skills, competition, mitigation of team conflicts and communication problems, areexpected to have a positive impact and pave the way for a successful career as practicingengineers.IntroductionSeniors enter their last year having

Conference Session

Mentoring & Outreach for Girls & Minorities

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lindsey Jenkins-Stark, Iridescent; Tara Chklovski, Iridescent

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

management, and initiative. Engineersgo through 16 weeks of training during which they share their current research through two setsof four-session Family Science Courses. Their training addresses: how people learn, audiencetypes and motivations, strategies for working with various age groups and designing engagingmulti-media experiences61. The training also gives engineers a model for effective directinstruction, opportunities for them to practice their new skills and ways for them to self-evaluatetheir teaching.Engineers are given a lesson plan template that helps them break down complex ideas intosimple lessons, identify learning objectives, design learner-directed experiments and assesslearning. Engineers limit direct instruction to 15

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lakshmi Munukutla, Arizona State University

the USDOE. Moreover, the consortium will serve as a nexus foralternative and renewable energy education, applied research, workforce development, andpromotion of public awareness for renewable energy education. In addition, the consortium willleverage the resources to create a world-class environment where technicians, technologists, andengineers of the future will gain the workplace knowledge, skills, and experience in alternativeand renewable energy systems.Curriculum Design A curriculum development team has been established with members representingcommunity college and university faculty, industry leaders and advisors. The curriculum teamwill assist in the development of curriculum based on business and industry needs

Conference Session

Faculty Development for Distance Learning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan Donohue, The College of New Jersey; Christine Schnittka, University of Kentucky; Larry Richards, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

overall goal of research is the description and explanation of patterns ofrelationships among social phenomena; for Erickson,26 the overall goals of research include thefollowing which fit best with our research agenda: discovery of universals through concreteparticulars, improvement in educational practice, and the identification of specific causallinkages. Our dominant positionality is post-positivism, which supports the quantitative surveymethodology used in this study.Workshop StructureThe ETK workshop’s basic structure is designed to maximize the amount of time participantsspend working on challenge projects. We begin with introductions of facilitators andparticipants, discussions regarding workshop logistics and expectations, an overview of

Conference Session

Energy Education and Industry Needs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Darrell Wallace, Youngstown State University; Brian Vuksanovich, Youngstown State University; Michael Costarell, Youngstown State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

for performanceshould be. It should be noted however, that industry best practices and conventions do notrepresent innovation. They merely represent conformance with standards of performance thatare often decades-old.One of the early findings of the design team was that the design of the equipment had not takenenergy utilization into consideration. Despite the machine being considered state-of-the-artwithin the industry, the basic design was nearly 50 years old. At the time of the machine'sconception, energy use was not a major consideration. When members of the design teamchallenged the equipment manufacturer’s choice of spray nozzles, the critique was poorlyreceived. It was pointed out that the machine was consistent with that of many

Conference Session

Innovative Instructional Strategies and Curricula

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Schmeelk, Virginia Commonwealth University Qatar Branch; Jean Hodges, Virginia Commonwealth University Qatar Branch

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

reflection, if I apply reflection, the b’ reflection of b shape will not change. Any point on the axis of reflection is reflection to itself. . . . If we apply rotation, then we can’t have a practical door any more. If we apply translation on the door we may have a problem in a given house. . . . (N. Al-K.)(2) For at least one student the journal assignments helped her discover new information Page 15.1257.11 while wrestling with the mathematical concepts. In response to the assignment question, how could geometric and arithmetic sequences be applied in Fashion Design, Graphic Design, or Interior Design, she began her entry with

Conference Session

Technological Literacy - Courses, Educational and Accreditation Standards

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Blake, Austin Peay State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

value tothem and to society.There are (or should be) higher expectations on engineering and engineering technology majorsin regards to technological literacy. This is obvious in the area of capabilities. For example,while a citizen should have a basic understanding of the design process, the major must beprepared on graduation to become a productive part of the design team and should be prepared tolead a team later in their career. A citizen should be prepared to participate in debates abouttechnology. They should be prepared to understand and thoughtfully weigh the arguments of theexpert. A graduate should be expected to do more. They should have greater knowledge in theirarea of expertise, and they should be the experts and take a leading

Conference Session

Programming for Engineering Students

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Baker, University of Kentucky; Vincent Capece, University of Kentucky; Keith Rouch, University of Kentucky

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

software. This effort was targeted atsupplementing material in a number of mechanical design courses. Pferdehirt, et al8, usedCamtasia in developing weekly 15-30 minute recordings provided on-line as part of the coursematerial for a graduate-level Project Management course in a Master of Engineering inProfessional Practice (MEPP) program. Pagliari, et al9, used Camtasia in an on-line TechnicalPresentations class. The authors state that lectures were created in Camtasia to teach students touse another software product, Microsoft Producer. The students then created their own trainingpresentations using Microsoft Producer. Shearman, et al10, describe a large set of modulesconsisting of screencast videos produced in Camtasia for a music synthesis and

Conference Session

Design with External Clients

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismail Orabi, University of New Haven

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

designfor manufacturability.Another aspect of the course involved bringing in outside speakers to give seminars. Several ofthe speakers were practicing engineers from industry. Topics covered by the guests includedProject Management, design for manufacturability, and a Intellectual property.” The challengein presenting some of the research talks was keeping them at a level that undergraduate studentscan comprehend. One seminar was a joint effort with the local ASME section and hosted by adistinguished ASME speaker. If possible, speakers presented on one of the topics mentionedabove as it related to their profession.Early in the academic year, the course was devoted to providing students with importantinformation needed on the design project. Issues

Conference Session

ADVANCE Grants and Institutional Transformation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Suzanne Zurn-Birkhimer, Purdue University; Barbara Clark, Purdue University; Susan Geier, Purdue University; Christie Sahley, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

designed around the three goals: 1) to increase the number of women of color in STEMfaculty positions, 2) to improve the success of all women STEM faculty, and 3) to engage allfaculty in transforming Purdue. Current programming includes: ≠ Search Chair Workshops on Faculty Hiring designed to increase awareness of the impact of unconscious bias; ≠ Cultural Center Events for faculty that celebrate the culture and heritage of African American, Latino, and Native American people, particularly those currently employed by or enrolled at Purdue; ≠ a Mentoring Institute for newly hired assistant professors to develop a peer-mentoring network across campus; ≠ Leadership Development opportunities for tenured faculty

Conference Session

ADVANCE Grants and Institutional Transformation

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Grant, North Carolina State University; Jessica Decuir-Gunby, North Carolina State University; Barbara Smith, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

faculty and administration to promotesuccess of URM faculty in engineering and science,(2) to formulate strategies to broaden the impact of senior women faculty on the collectivewomen URM faculty of all ranks in engineering and science;(3) to extract from these faculty trailblazers their perspectives on the best practices for therecruitment, retention, promotion and continued upward mobility into leadership for this samegroup in engineering academia;(4) to strengthen a strong peer leadership mentoring network and cohesive community that couldserve as a powerful resource in the Academy;(5) to lay the groundwork and support for the second 2009 Summit (Summer 09) targetingwomen URM faculty of all ranks in engineering and science.Summit activities or

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education: Intercultural Awareness and International Experience

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brent Jesiek, Purdue University; Deepika Sangam, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Juila Thompson, Purdue University; Yating Chang, Purdue University; Demetra Evangelou, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

International

issues are addressed, there remain important unanswered questions about how studentsperceive global engineering and global engineering education, including appropriate pathwaysfor attaining the kinds of competencies they will need to practice as global professionals.This paper is part of a larger study designed to examine how global educational experiences canprovide students with opportunities for transformative learning, thereby supporting attainment ofdesirable graduate attributes. Here we more specifically report on student perceptions of globalengineering attributes and related educational pathways. Our primary research questions include: • What global and professional attributes do engineering students perceive as desirable for

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering - Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elyce Winters, Stony Brook University; Imin Kao, Stony Brook University; Jennifer Dellaposta, SUNY Stony Brook College of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Christine Szaraz, SUNY Stony Brook College of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

impact of advising interventions on the academicsuccess of engineering and applied science pre-majors at a large, multicultural, top-tier researchuniversity. There is a growing body of literature addressing the impact of specific academicinitiatives with respect to how higher education students are taught math, science, andengineering subjects, though there is less focus on the value of intensive psycho-social supporton the retention and advancement of students pursuing the science, technology, engineering andmath (STEM) disciplines. This paper seeks to address that issue and illustrate how earlyadvising interventions can improve retention and graduation rates.Kitzrow notes that colleges and universities in the United States have seen enormous

Conference Session

Teaching Technological Literacy - College Courses and Minors

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Krupczak, Hope College; Mani Mina, Iowa State University; Robert J. Gustafson, Ohio State University; James Young, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

provide little practical understanding of our complex human-built technologicalinfrastructure. Non-engineers who complete a university natural science distribution requirementare hardly prepared to lead the world’s largest economy through its present turmoil and to makeinformed decisions about topics such as supporting the automotive industry, developing fossilfuel alternatives, or appropriate regulation of nanotechnology.Minors can provide an efficient and credible way for non-engineering majors to obtain apractical and meaningful degree of technological literacy. These minors will not be intended todevelop design-level engineering knowledge, but rather are based on the general competenciesadvocated by the National Academy of Engineering in such

Conference Session

Leadership and Strategic Planning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kirsten Hochstedt, Pennsylvania State University; Elizabeth Kisenwether, Pennsylvania State University; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Angela Shartrand, National Collegiate Inventors and Innovators Alliance

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

AC 2010-745: A QUALITATIVE EXAMINATION OF FACULTY BELIEFSRELATED TO ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATIONKirsten Hochstedt, Pennsylvania State University Kirsten Hochstedt is a Graduate Assistant at the Leonhard Center for the Enhancement of Engineering Education. She has received her Masters degree in Educational Psychology, with an emphasis in educational and psychological measurement, at Penn State and is a doctoral candidate in the same program. The primary focus of her research concerns assessing the response structure of test scores using item response theory methodology.Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University Sarah E. Zappe, is Research Associate and Director of Assessment and Instructional

Conference Session

Normative Commitments and Public Engagement in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gary Downey, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

the purposeof the project and the specific research and writing strategies one selects. Adams and colleagues,for example, examine “storytelling in engineering education” with the explicit goal of betterunderstanding the emergence of an “engineering education research community.” Their focus is,in other words, accounting for an observed convergence and possibly contributing further to it.They invited eight scholars, including three co-authors, to prepare “story poster” presentations atthe national Frontiers in Education conference (supported by the IEEE). The organizers askedpresenters to respond to a structured set of questions designed to evoke “insider knowledge”pertaining to “driving passions and goals, processes such as getting started

Conference Session

New Methods and Tools

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Gerhart, Lawrence Technological University; Donald Carpenter, Lawrence Technological University; Melissa Grunow, Lawrence Technological University; Katie Hayes, Lawrence Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

following research questions: ≠ How do students perceive their own leadership traits and skills? ≠ Are students’ self-perceptions demonstrating growth in confidence in their leadership abilities because of the experiences and education from each component of the curriculum? ≠ What impact do all the courses in the four-year leadership curriculum have on this perception? ≠ What modifications are necessary to the curriculum to adequately address the student learning outcomes?As implied by these research questions, the instrument will be used for both formative andsummative assessment, as well as a longitudinal study of the leadership growth of the students.Instrument development included conducting a focus group for

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computer-Oriented Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas Hacker, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Information Systems

HPC, one for undergraduates and onefor graduate students, that provides students with hands-on experience in designing, developing,and testing commodity-based supercomputing systems. In this paper, we describe a cost-effective and scalable approach that we developed for this course, which has been successfullydelivered over several semesters. We describe the curricular context, pedagogical approach, andoutcomes along with a detailed description of the approaches and strategies we used to develop ahands-on laboratory component that can be replicated by others seeking to develop similarcourses. We believe that our results will be useful to departments and institutions interested indeveloping curricula to answer the increasing needs presented by

Conference Session

Innovations in Civil Engineering Education II

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristen Sanford Bernhardt, Lafayette College; Steven Beyerlein, University of Idaho; Andrea Bill, University of Wisconsin; Shashi Nambisan, Iowa State University; Ida van Schalkwyk, Oregon State University; Rod Turochy, Auburn University; Rhonda Young, Texas Christian University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

learningoutcomes for this introductory transportation course. The goal of this paper is to report on thestatus of this effort and to stimulate conversation related to learning outcomes in the variety ofcivil engineering sub-disciplines.Building on existing literature, the group plans to identify and validate a set of key transportationconcepts. Following best practices in course design, we will also develop a set of outcomesrelated to these concepts around which a course could be developed. Further, we expect toidentify a minimum set of requirements that ought to be met by any introductory transportationcourse, as well as a larger set of outcomes and levels of achievement from which instructorswould select to be consistent with departmental and

Conference Session

e-Learning Course Development and Instruction

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marie-Pierre Huguet, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Tom Haley, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Yaron Danon, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Continuing Professional Development

impact of Web-based technology in education. Dr. Huguet’s primary areas of interest for research and practice include instructional design, Web-based design, integration of Web-based technology, and faculty adoption of emerging technologies.Tom Haley, Rensselaer Polytechnic InstituteYaron Danon, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute Page 15.638.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Hands-On Nuclear Engineering Education – A Blended ApproachAbstractBlended instruction has become a powerful delivery mode whose power lies in the merging oftraditional, face-to-face instruction and web-based instruction. It also

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

J. Shelley, United States Air Force

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

modelexplained in The Continuous Process Improvement Transformation Guidebook5: Define,Measure, Analyze, Improve and Control, and 2) the ADDIE model used in instructiondesign7: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, Evaluate. Both models emphasize adata-driven approach to modifying a process including research into best practices ofother organizations. The DMAIC model emphasizes control of processes and data arecollected in the second step. The ADDIE model emphasizes design of changes and dataare not collected until the end of the process. However, neither model acronymemphasizes the iterative nature of CPI activities and the continuous collection of data andintrospection about the improvement process itself. For this implementation of CPI, bothdata

Conference Session

Assessment & Continuous Improvement in ET: Part III

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Virginia Westheider, University of Cincinnati; Sarai Hedges, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

theoriginal mailings. This new survey and method of administration proved successful with the rateof alumni responding nearly doubling from 5.7% in 2006 to 12% in 2009. This represents a Page 15.455.7highly statistically significant increase (p-value = 0.000). The team met its goal here. EmployerProfessional Practice survey results provided valuable information indicating that 15% of thoseresponding were enrolled in a graduate degree or some professional certification.Control PhaseThe Control Phase of a Six Sigma project makes sure that process improvements are maintainedinto the future. This final phase of the Six Sigma DMAIC methodology for this

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Dischino, Central Connecticut State University; Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University; Peter Baumann, Central Connecticut State University; Viatcheslav Naoumov, Central Connecticut State University; Zdzislaw Kremens, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

PRISM, 2004. 14(1).11. M Boylan, The Impact of Undergraduate Research Experiences on Student Intellectual Growth, Affective Development, and Interest in Doing Graduate Work in STEM: A Review of the Empirical Literature, in Cornell Higher Education Research Institute Conference, Doctoral Education and the Faculty of the Future. 2006: Ithaca, NY.12. Villarejo M Barlow A, Making a difference for minorities: Evaluation of an educational enrichment program. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2004. 42(9): p. 861-881.13. B C Clewell, et al., Revitalizing the Nation's Talent Pool in STEM. 2006, Washington, DC: Urban Institute.14. G Price, The causal effects of participation in the American economic association summer

Conference Session

Teaching Technological Literacy - College Courses and Minors

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Doyle, Penn State University; Richard Devon, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Technological Literacy Constituent Committee

concept of open source design. Technical writing coursescould also readily embrace the practice. We are seriously considering creating both these coursesin lieu of what we have done so far. In the case of design, the course will probably be graduatelevel where we can attract even more students in nanotechnology research. In this way, we canmodel further diffusion of TL through process.We have not addressed the issue of metrics. Rather like the collaborative education movement,we are inclined to pursue it first and measure the impacts later hoping for the best. And just likethat movement the first tangible results might be a rise in our teaching evaluations, which didhappen. The students were enthusiastic participants all semester and the formal

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Schnittka, University of Kentucky; Michael Evans, Virginia Tech; Brett Jones, Virginia Tech; Carol Brandt, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

penguins. If buildingswere better insulated, they would require less energy for heating and cooling. If engineersdesigned innovative insulating building materials and if builders used them in our homes,schools, and workplaces, it would have a positive impact on the environment. This is theproblem presented to students - how to create better dwellings for us all- people and penguins.The teachers in this study first introduced the science concepts of conduction, convection, andradiation, and performed demonstrations illustrating all three methods of heat transfer. Thesediscrepant event demonstrations were designed to provoke cognitive dissonance, challengingstudents’ misconceptions and naïve conceptions of heat transfer. Students were introduced to

Conference Session

Computers and Software in Teaching Mathematics

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zohra Manseur, SUNY Oswego; Adrian Ieta, SUNY Oswego; Rachid Manseur, SUNY-Oswego

Tagged Divisions

Mathematics

discusses several issuesrelated to mathematics education for engineers.I. IntroductionThe design of a new curriculum has led to the analysis of several related issues. Of particularimportance is the preparation in mathematics of engineering students and the creation of coursework in mathematics that better serves the needs of a sound and effective modern education fortoday’s students.The need to reform engineering education, particularly the mathematics content, stems fromseveral pressing issues. In recent years, close attention has been given to the desiredcharacteristics of engineering graduates and to their skill sets, leading to new accreditationrequirements from the Accreditation Board for Engineering and Technology (ABET). Within

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Milo Koretsky, Oregon State University; Christine Kelly, Oregon State University

AC 2010-1892: ENHANCEMENT OF STUDENT LEARNING IN EXPERIMENTALDESIGN USING VIRTUAL LABORATORIESMilo Koretsky, Oregon State University Milo Koretsky is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Oregon State University. He currently has research activity in areas related to thin film materials processing and engineering education. He is interested in integrating technology into effective educational practices and in promoting the use of higher level cognitive skills in engineering problem solving. Dr. Koretsky is a six-time Intel Faculty Fellow and has won awards for his work in engineering education at the university and national levels.Christine Kelly, Oregon State University

Conference Session

Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen O'Brien, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

more importantly in the younger years, the inter-relationships between the four elements of STEM is of vital importance. For example, how does a teacher motivate, and therefore excite, a student about chemistry? An effective method would involve defining active ways of experiencing chemistry, demonstrating how chemistry is interesting and has a substantial impact on the student’s life. MST graduates have substantial experiences with the inter-relationship of the four STEM disciplines. For example, using T&E skills in designing & making to bring important activeness and context to lessons for both STEM and non-STEM subjects. Also, a key task for teachers, designing lesson plans, is itself an excellent