Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark W. Steiner, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Junichi Kanai, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Cheng Hsu, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Richard Alben, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

students in theirmemos. The process resulted in the organization of each learning point being groupedaccording to a similar expression of learning points within the following categories: 1. Design Process: Problem solving, project planning, iteration, requirements definition, methodology 2. Teamwork: Understanding ones own and others contribution to an effort 3. Communications: documentation, presentation, communication with team, customers, vendors, experts, etc. 4. Technical Knowledge: Learning about specific technologies such as machines, circuits, optics, controls, statistics, electromagnetism, etc. 5. Critical Thinking: applying theory and abstract concepts in practice

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in ECE

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dick Blandford, University of Evansville; Mark Earl Randall, University of Evansville

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

electronics." B.Sturgeon "The weather balloon project attempted by my EE380 class in the Spring semester of 2010 was an exciting and adventurous one to say the least. While planning and designing the pods to go up with the balloon, I felt like everyone put more effort into their projects because it was such a real-world application that we could see actual results from." T. Wagler "The launch of the Balloon Project was exciting because all the work put into the projects was put to the test. The balloon was sent on its flight across a few counties, and a 'Storm Chasers'-like pursuit followed. Recovery of the projects turned out more difficult than expected, but after extracting the data from the

Conference Session

Effective Projects and Experiments in Instrumentation and Control

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Tyler Schecklman, Savannah Technical College

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

inelectronics, computer networking, design, application and troubleshooting to combine theirinterest in building a project. The results show that the students learned tangible lessons fromeach topic. The students that worked on this project enjoyed the hands on experience and beingable to implement it in a real life situation in a classroom setting. Feedback from the studentsindicates that they were enthusiastic about implementing the concepts learned from ComputerNetworking and Microcontroller courses. However, this project was completed as part of therequirement for Advanced Networking course. I am planning to implement this concept in myother courses also. This concept gives an opportunity to our students to think outside theacademics and implement

Conference Session

Professional Graduate Education and Industry

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carla C. Purdy, University of Cincinnati; Xuefu Zhou, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

College Industry Partnerships, Graduate Studies

university reorganization has also given us the opportunity to rethink the content ofour PFF seminars to better deal with the many other changes that are taking place in universityand college engineering programs. These include the rise of the field of engineering education,changes in the undergraduate experience such as increased emphasis on research, changes in theacademic engineering job market and in the importance of post-doctoral positions for thosestudents who are focused on a research career in academia, increased emphasis onentrepreneurship, both for faculty and for students, and ongoing challenges related to funding,especially for state universities. Here we describe our plans for modifying our traditional PFFprogram to better prepare

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cindy Waters, North Carolina A&T State University; Stephanie Luster-Teasley, North Carolina A&T State University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

management. Thismodule will include a tour of the Greensboro Solid Waste Transfer Station and Landfill. Thistour will give them the opportunity to see the items that could be recycled that are sent tolandfills. Using this traditional foundation for solid waste management and disposal, studentswill conduct a recycling audit for the campus. The two week module will include an analysis ofrecycling activities and the development of a plan for recycling on campus or a case study suchas recycling and disposal of Hurricane Katrina solid waste.Assessments 1. Index of Learning Styles Survey (ILSS) 2. Student Assessment of Learning Gains Instrument (SALG) 3. Student Reports/Presentations of Green Building Module 1, Water recycling (Module

Conference Session

Global Engineering Models: Curriculum Development, Improvements, and Partnerships

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey J. Evans, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Glenn R. Blackwell, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

International

mandated by the Bologna Declaration in 1999 and are part of a strategic plan for creatingan integration of the higher education systems in Europe by the end of the year 2010. The ECTSis an important part of this overall effort since its intent is to allow students to transfer creditsamong the diverse universities in different European countries. The countries involved in theEHEA are not limited to, nor all-inclusive of, member countries of the European Union (EU).The process leading to the ECTS has been reasonably well accepted by European systems. Asnoted by the European Students Union (1), “The three-cycle system (bachelor, master, anddoctoral degrees) and the ECTS are among the prime examples of successes of the BolognaProcess…”One significant

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen Wosczyna-Birch, CT College of Technology and the Regional Center for Next Generation Manufacturing; Wesley Francillon, Ph.D., Connectiuct Community College; John Birch, The Birch Group, LLC

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

fromother PBL initiatives is that it prepares students to not only learn critical thinking, entrepreneurialand relevant technical skills, but to also enter the workforce with professional skills includingteamwork (including virtual teamwork), leadership, project planning, understanding behavioraldiversity, communication skills and social networking experiences. In addition, academicpartnerships with industry, medical hospitals and government entities like NASA, theDepartment of Homeland Security and the U.S. Coast Guard using real world applications, havebeen proven to engage diverse populations, in particular women and minorities. Because of thereputation developed by the LSSL Program, start-up entrepreneurs have solicited the LSSLProgram to have

Conference Session

Great Ideas for Projects that Teach Instrumentation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Keller, University of Tulsa; Jeremy S. Daily, University of Tulsa

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

instrumentation and measurement typically have two objectives: 1)introducing the students to essential and modern engineering instrumentation and 2) developingthe ability of students to plan, execute, and analyze engineering experiments. The projectdescribed in this paper encompasses all of these objectives and introduces students to practicalaspects of control systems. The multi-week laboratory exercise requires the students to interfacewith laboratory hardware and modern instrumentation with only limited guidance from theinstructor. The self-guided problem solving approach to instrumentation gives students a deeperunderstanding of the nuances and complexity of developing and implementing multi-componentinstrumentation systems. Additionally, the

Conference Session

Descriptions of Outreach Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sanaz Mahmoodi Takaghaj, University of Calgary; Chris Macnab, University of Calgary; Sharon Friesen, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

goal-oriented tasks. In the next phase of the program we plan to be more specific that creative design solutions will be rewarded, as long as they don’t clearly violate a specific regulation. The girls all appeared to be having a great time, not only competing in their own event but also in soaking up the atmosphere of robotics enthusiasm. The teachers who accompanied the students confirmed that the students had great time, learned a lot, and both teachers and students expressed the desire to keep the program running the following year. 4 Results In order to gage the effectiveness of the program we provided surveys to the teachers, who administered them to the students after obtaining parental permission. We twice administered the survey, once

Conference Session

Developing Young MINDS in Engineering: Part I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine E. Hailey, Utah State University; Chandra Y. Austin, Auburn University; Cameron Denson, North Carolina State University; Daniel L. Householder, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

co-curricular academic enrichment model that includes “academic planning, community service,family involvement, academic enrichment, hands-on engineering activities, career advising, fieldtrips, competitions and workshops.”3 MESA programs represent an innovative way of linking aco-curricular learning environment to mathematics, engineering and science programs within theformal public school setting to enhance STEM education of students.The first MESA program was founded in 1970 at Oakland Technical High School in Oakland,CA with a membership of 25 students. MESA's aim was to develop academic and leadershipskills, raise educational expectations, and instill confidence in California students from groupsthat were historically underrepresented

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technology Curriculum Innovations.

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aaron K. Ball, Western Carolina University; George D. Ford, Western Carolina University; Frank Miceli, Asheville Bucombe Tech Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

401/402 Theme Tools Application Introduction to Synthesis of Synthesis of ET, Deliverable Design Tools Curriculum Subjects EE, and ECET Engagement Curriculum Project SubjectsCourse Introduction to Scientific Method Creativity Proficiency in alloutcomes Project planning introduced outcomes Intro. To Design Problem Solving Sustainability

Conference Session

Mechatronics in the Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yang Cao, University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

more, the virtual simulator development gains students interest andmotivates student in learning robotics. It allows more lab-type of learning. Some homework canalso be readily verified using the virtual robot. For future teaching plan, the developenvironment will be open to students‟ choice. Other engineering tools, such as simMechanics,ADAMS will be considered for dynamics and control design purpose.References[1] T., Hakan; G, Metin; B, Seta, “Hardware in the Loop Robot Simulators for On-site and Remote Education in Robotics”, International Journal of Engineering Education, Volume 22, Number 4, August 2006 , pp. 815- 828(14).[2] Costas S. Tzafestas, Nektaria Palaiologou, “Virtual and Remote Robotic Laboratory: Comparative

Conference Session

Myths About Gender and Race

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peggy Layne, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society, Minorities in Engineering, Women in Engineering

personal path led me from a [university] BS/MS in 1969/70 to industry experience in [state]. After balancing family obligations and career motivation in the late 70’s and early 80’s, I returned to school and received my PhD from [different university] in 1985. My continued commitment to education led me to the newly created chemical engineering department at [another university] in 1986, where I started as an assistant professor just before turning 40.” – Diane Dorland, dean, Rowan UniversitySally Ann Keller gained leadership experience at the National Science Foundation and LosAlamos National Laboratory before becoming dean: “When I look back on my career, I can honestly say I did not spend much time planning

Conference Session

Mechatronics in the Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yunfeng Wang, College of New Jersey; Christopher Ault, College of New Jersey; Teresa Marrin Nakra, College of New Jersey; Andrea Salgian, College of New Jersey; Meredith K. Stone, Independent Evaluator

Tagged Divisions

Mechanical Engineering

were you able to make a contribution to the project in a discipline outside your own? Students reported making only moderate contributions in disciplines outside their own. Average rating was 6.0, while the mode was 4, the median was 6. Page 22.1484.6 A multidisciplinary approach modifies this scenario through the participation of specialists from different fields who have the necessary skills to communicate with each other and produce a collaborative solution through a common perspective(9) How MUCH IMPACT has participating in this course had on what you plan to do after you graduate? Students reported that the course had only

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B. Benson, Kettering University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

., Scales, K., Elzinga, J.D., Planning for Curriculum Renewal and Accreditation Under ABET Engineering Criteria 2000, Proceedings, ASEE Annual Conference and Exposition, Seattle, WA, June 1998.6. SUCCEED Coalition, Elzinga, J. consultant, Curriculum Innovation and Renewal Manual: Stage Three Analyzing the Existing Curriculum Augmented Syllabus Method, Retrieved from, www.succeed.ufl.edu/content/oa-wkshp/products/curriculum/index.html7. ABET, Criteria for Evaluating Engineering Programs: Effective for Evaluations During the 2008-2009 Accreditation Cycle. Retrieved from http://www.abet.org/Linked%20Documents- UPDATE/Criteria%20and%20PP/E001%2008-09%20EAC%20Criteria%2012-04-07.pdf8

Conference Session

Core Concepts, Standards, and Policy in K-12 Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ronald L. Carr, Purdue University; Nilson E. Martinez-Lopez, Purdue University; Jose Daniel Bravo, INSPIRE

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

needed to guide the search through thestate standards. Our initial search borrowed from ideas found through literature review. The Page 22.1095.12NATIONAL  SURVEY  OF  STATES’  P-­‐12  ENGINEERING  STANDARDS    initial criteria stemmed from the Committee on K-12 Engineering Education 2008 report, whichprovided the following: • "Engineering — a process for creating the human-made world, the artifacts and processes that never existed before.” (p.9) “Most often engineers do not literally construct the artifacts, they provide plans and directions for how the artifacts are to be constructed.” (p.9) • “They also

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching: Statics

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Valle, Georgia Institute of Technology; Sue Rosser, San Francisco State University; Janet H Murray, Georgia Tech; Wendy C. Newstetter, Georgia Institute of Technology; John D. Leonard II, Georgia Institute of Technology; Laurence J. Jacobs, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

students, test versus control sectionsIt is very important to understand that these are preliminary results, and that within the overallcourse experience, the intervention is very small (less than 25% of the homework problems aredone online, and the homework grade is only 5% of the overall class grade – see Appendix A fordetails) so it can only have minimal effect on overall class grade. Also, not every statics topic isaddressed in the software as of yet (as stated earlier, both 3D and V-M diagrams are stillmissing). Still, those results are encouraging and we plan to continue the analysis as the softwareis finally fully developed. We also plan to probe deeper into gender and ethnicity information.We are encouraged that our intended target

Conference Session

Collaborations, Accreditation and Articulation Issues for International Engineering Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morteza Sadat-Hossieny, Northern Kentucky University; Elizabeth Leibach, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

International

22.946.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 International Articulation Issues an Engineering Technology Education Response to Global ChallengesAs part of Northern Kentucky University‟s (NKU) strategic plan in 2007-2012, the universitystated – that increasing globalization will require the university to become more international inscope. In accordance with this policy the engineering technology division has undertakeninternational student recruitment efforts and articulation agreements with universities abroad.This paper will discuss challenges in formulating such articulation agreements while maintainingthe integrity of existing accredited programs. The paper explains what

Conference Session

Special Session Celebrating the 10th Anniversary of the MATE International ROV Competition

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jill M. Zande, Marine Advanced Technology Education (MATE) Center

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

Japan,with more planned both domestically and internationally in the future to accommodate thecontinued and growing interest.To date, the competitions have impacted more than 9,000 students at formal and informaleducational institutions (middle schools, high schools, home schools, community colleges,universities, 4-H clubs, and public aquaria, among others).10 Figure 1 illustrates the growth inthe number of schools participating in the MATE competitions from 2001 (the year of the pilotregional) through 2010 (the most recently completed competition “season”).The extensive involvement of ocean and other technology-related organizations and individualshas been key to achieving the competition’s goals and promoting its growth and success

Conference Session

Impact of the Gulf Coast Oil Spill on Chemical Engineering Education & Misc.

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Willie (Skip) E. Rochefort, Oregon State University; Gail Ellen Gerdemann, STEPs at Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

Chemical Engineering

the MaterialsStore. After writing up a design proposal, a budget, and rationale for why the design is expected to be successful,each team is ready to gather materials. One student from each group is assigned to pick up the materials thegroup needs. In the typical classroom with thirty students and one sink, a water distribution and disposal systemneeds to be planned. For this lab use Petri dishes (or other small wide pans) to reduce the amount of water neededfor each test; each group has a small container of water at their station and another empty container for disposingof waste water to reduce trips to the sink. Also have a large tub for the class for collecting waste water to bedisposed outside later. It works well to have the teacher be

Conference Session

Computers in Education General Technical Session II

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Willie K. Ofosu, Pennsylvania State University, Wilkes-Barre Campus

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

by providing the students with realizable concept ofelectromagnetic radiations. The versatility of the computer enables different types of antennameasurements to be made, and various parameters to be determined. This paper discusses theusefulness of computers in antennas laboratory exercises in a Telecommunications course. Italso discusses student design experiments, and experiments planned for the next step of thelearning experience.IntroductionExplosion of information transmission in the information age is evidenced by the dependenceon information in all spheres of life. In its electrical form, information may be in the form ofvoice, video, or data and transmissions of these require different ranges in the frequencyspectrum. As a result of

Conference Session

Post Graduate Experiential Programs and Insights

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David W Schmueser, Altair Engineering Inc.; Charbel Philippe Saleh, Altair Engineering Inc.; Prakash C. Shrivastava, Oakland University; Lori Lin Crose, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2011-1388: OAKLAND UNIVERSITY/ALTAIR ENGINEERING TECH-NICAL BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE CORPORATE INTERNSHIP PRO-GRAMDavid W Schmueser, Altair Engineering Inc. Dr. David Schmueser is the Business Development Manager of University Programs in the United States for Altair Engineering, with primary responsibility for identifying and implementing Altair’s advanced engineering software and grid computing technologies for curriculum and research applications. With more than 30 years of experience in engineering research, project technical management, and en- gineering instruction, Schmueser’s strategic role at Altair focuses on the development and execution of Altair’s university marketing and sales plan, fellowship program

Conference Session

Project-Based Education in Energy Curriculum

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

the incumbent fossil fuel generator per our energy use plan. We have writtenproposals for funding to provide a more suitable replacement, based on the University of Idaho’shighly successful biofuels research, but none have yet been granted.Diversion LoadA diversion load, controlled by the main inverter/controller dissipates excess generation whenthe battery storage is full. We found this to be an effective way to maintain system stability withthe incumbent system. At 1.0 kW, this load is a little larger than its predecessor’s 400 Watts.This is sufficient to completely avoid disconnecting the baseline water turbine, yieldingautomatic control and security of the entire electrical system at all times. It was tested in thelaboratory as shown in

Conference Session

Issues Affecting Engineering Program Development

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George D. Ford, Western Carolina University; Aaron K. Ball, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

tostart than engineering degrees due to the generally larger student to program ratios.Keywords: engineering enrollment, engineering accreditation, engineering technologyenrollmentIntroduction“Improvise, adapt, overcome” is a credo that engineering and technology educational programadministrators at American universities may need to adopt. To maintain the quality of highereducation in the United States, administrators must strategically plan to optimize programswhich may be successful and discontinue programs which are not successful. They mustimprovise in a time when public funding of higher education is declining, adapt programs tooptimize their operations, and overcome the natural effect of diminished quality which isexpected during periods of

Conference Session

FPD X: First-Year Design with Projects, Modeling, and Simulation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Naomi C. Chesler, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Cynthia M. D'Angelo, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Golnaz Arastoopour, University of Wisconsin, Madison; David Williamson Shaffer, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

profession10-12. An effective realization of an epistemic game is in a computer-simulated virtual environment. Computer-based simulation games are an emerging and populararea of research and development in the learning sciences10, 13-15. One advantage of the virtuallearning environment, especially when role-play is involved, may be the immersive element ofthe activities13. In our own prior work, the epistemic computer simulation games Urban Scienceand Digital Zoo have been shown to successfully lead to professional values and epistemology inurban planning and biomedical engineering, respectively, in K–12 students11, 12. An additionaladvantage of the on-line environment is that student communication and work output can becaptured for later in-depth

Conference Session

FPD VII: Innovative Curriculum Elements of Successful First-Year Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Byron L Newberry, Oklahoma Christian University; Cory R. Davis, Oklahoma Christian University; Robert Andrew Stevenson, Oklahoma Christian University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

bachelors in Mechanical engineering from the same school. For his senior design project he and his team entered the regular class of the SAE Aero Design East competition and won first place in the presen- tation portion. After completing his masters he plans on entering into industry for a few years and then considering returning to school to pursue his doctorate degree. Page 22.1333.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Student Learning Modules in Trigonometry and Integral Calculus using LEGO MINDSTORMS® NXTIntroduction and MotivationRetention of

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel W. Walsh, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lanny Griffin, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Robert S. Crockett, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies

. The formal establishment of the department wastriggered by input from two major constituencies; overwhelming student demand, underpinnedby industrial pressure and support. The Biomedical Engineering and General Engineering Page 22.1427.2Department is the only degree granting program in the CSU system. It has consistently drawn alarge number of well-qualified applicants. In fact, the department has attracted the highestquality and most gender-diverse applicants in the College of Engineering each year since itsformation. The program has grown at rate in excess of that planned, and faculty hiring has notkept pace; the student to faculty ratio is

Conference Session

Effective Projects and Experiments in Instrumentation and Control

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mohamad A. Mustafa, Savannah State University; Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Jeff Kesling

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

of scientific and mathematical principles to the method of differential leveling asapplies to the Civil Engineer in the planning and design of the construction of buildings,highways, and bridges were investigated. Such planning and designing requires the surveying oflocations to determine what changes may need to be made prior to any construction or alteration.Differential leveling is the independent measurement of an unknown elevation relative to aknown elevation. One of the key elements to perform accurate differential leveling is the abilityto keep the rod and the instrument plumbed to the earth. Current state of the art is to use anautomatic level and graduated rod, both of which employ bubble-levels to determine plumb.The purpose of

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-College Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terence J. Fagan, Central Piedmont Community College; Gerald D. Holt, Project Lead The Way

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

engineering toteachers and young students as a potential career path8.”The issue of institution liability when sharing college infrastructure came up early and took moretime to solve than initially planned. After two months analyzing the question of the institution‟sliability for adolescent students, the school requested that the US FIRST team purchase liabilityinsurance. The liability insurance allows the adolescent student to use the college facilities. Onelimitation that needed to be addressed was the institution‟s computer usage, which was solvedwith the creation of a non-curriculum class. This allows anyone registered in the class access tothe college‟s computer system and software. The authors assume that protocol may differ atother

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hirak C. Patangia, University of Arkansas, Little Rock

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees

plans, President Barack Obama urges the country to transform itsenergy system to make it greener and smarter. This project seeks to address such a challengewith contemporary courses on alternate energy harnessing and electric smart grid (ESG).A web search shows that many universities across the nation have been engaged in solar energyresearch. One of the goals is to improve physical properties of silicon cells to improve panelefficiency. Application of nanotechnology to improve the conversion efficiency of incominglight photons to electrical output has been a topic of high interest. Optical concentrators havebeen researched to improve panel efficiency. However, undergraduate courses that focus on thepractical design and implementation of solar