Conference Session

K-12 Professional Development I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debra Kay Gallagher, Ohio Northern University; Kenneth Reid, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

development is needed to raise academic standards and enhance teachers’knowledge in subject matter and teaching strategies8. Teachers need to deepen their contentknowledge and pedagogical skills in order to keep up with these new requirements8 and well-structured professional development can provide the opportunity for this to happen.Although numerous opportunities to attend professional development sessions are available,many barriers exist that prevent teachers from engaging in these activities. These barriersinclude but are not limited to:1) fragmented and insufficient time to engage in professional development due to family, work, or social commitments 1,11,2) the high cost of professional development to the teacher and to the school

Conference Session

Rethinking Engineering Writing

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elisa Warford, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

interest, their success in fulfilling the purpose ofIllumin, and their writing quality. Student graphic artists and animators create the visuals thataccompany the articles. The magazine’s faculty advisor gives a final edit. Issues are publishedtwo or three times a year, and the magazine is funded by the Dean’s office.Illumin has a worldwide readership and has won four Interactive Media Awards, among others.Illumin articles have been published in textbooks and university course readers and have beencited in newspapers and other media outlets, such as the Orange County Register and the ScienceChannel website. A screenshot of the Illumin homepage is given in Figure 1. As the figureshows, the website has a professional appearance and provides rich

Conference Session

Intercollegiate and Cross-disciplinary Collaboration

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eng Keng Soh, Engineering Design and Innovation Centre, National University of Singapore; Ameek Kaur, National University of Singapore; Ming Po Tham, National UNiversity of SIngapore; Desmond Y.R. Chong, National University of Singapore

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

the design projects in the thirdyear, and final year project (FYP) in the final year of the undergraduate study.Structure of the EIM ProgramThe EIM program is part of the Design Centric Program (DCP)3 of the FoE. The DCP takes instudents from different engineering disciplines to work together in multi-disciplinary projectgroups. Each project generally belongs to one of a few broad DCP themes, such as in FutureTransportation System (FTS), Engineering in Medicine (EIM), and Smart and Sustainable Cities(SSC).The current structure of the three-year EIM program is shown in Fig. 1. During Semester 3,which is the start of the second year, students undergo a 13-weeks hospital immersion training.Semester 4 and Semester 5 are the design project phases

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rafic Bachnak, Texas A&M International University; Sofía Carolina Maldonado, Texas A&M International University; Fernando Garcia Gonzalez, Texas A&M International University

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

Department of the University of Central Florida. Before joining Texas A&M International University he was a Researcher at Los Alamos National Laboratory in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Page 23.528.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Enhancements to a Propulsion DemonstratorAbstractThis paper presents enhancements to a propulsion demonstrator that illustrates how a rocketworks. The operation of the original system is manual and collection and display of useful datais not possible. The updated system consists of the following major components: (1) a computer

Conference Session

Creating and Maintaining Effective Communication Learning in the Curriculum

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gregg L. Fiegel, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

metric that requires our graduates to demonstrate an ability to evaluate differentcommunication styles. We present the methodology used to assess this performance metric,along with assessment results gathered over the past six years. These results play an importantrole in the program's assessment of communication-related outcomes.IntroductionA number of years ago we revamped our civil engineering capstone design sequence bychanging it from an individual study course into a directed study offering.1 In the new course,students work in six-person teams to complete an integrated design for a private sectordevelopment or public works project. We consider the teams multi-disciplinary since teammembers represent different civil engineering specialty

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brittney Hope Jimerson, North Carolina A&T State University ; Eui Hyun Park, North Carolina A&T State University; Vinod K Lohani, Virginia Tech; Steven M. Culver, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

ethic instructioncoverage, an interdisciplinary faculty group received a grant from the National ScienceFoundation (NSF) to help achieve this objective. This paper will discuss two main objectives: 1.Understand and evaluate the results of a college-wide survey administered to gauge theperceptions of undergraduate and graduate engineering students regarding their current ethicsinstruction. 2. Identify areas in the ethics curriculum that might need to be strengthened, andsuggest a more informative way of enhancing ethics instruction at NC A&T.2. The Need for Ethics Instruction in EngineeringOver the years, Universities have shown concern about raising the ethical knowledge of studentsby finding ways to influencing their ethical reasoning. In

Conference Session

Robots and K-12 Computer Applications

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cheryl D. Seals, Auburn University; Earl B. Smith, Georgia Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

/CurriculumRevision-Overview.pdf3. Vegso, J. (2006). Drop in CS Bachelor’s Degree Production, Computer Research News, Vol. 18, No. 2. Retrieved July 2008 from http://www.cra.org/CRN/articles/march06/vegso.html. March 2006.4. Bomia, L., Beluzo, L., Demeester, D., Elander, K., Johnson, M., & Sheldon, B. (1997). The impact of teaching strategies on intrinsic motivation. Champaign, IL: ERIC Clearinghouse on Elementary and Early Childhood Education. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED 418 925).5. Williams, A., Rouse, K., Seals, C. & Gilbert, J. (2009). Enhancing Reading Literacy in Elementary Children Using Programming for Scientific Simulations. International Journal of E-Learning. 8(1), 57-69.6. Brightman, J. (2006

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Firas Akasheh, Tuskegee University; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

- Page 23.532.4ended problem solving technique. The students have the opportunity to use 3comments from others to critically evaluate and modify and improve theirapproaches. These steps can be recursive focusing on the entire or part of theprocess. The final step of the process involves students writing a short report ontheir modified problem solving process and then applying the process to a newopen-ended problem in a similar topic. An overall flow of activities in TeatoL isshown in Figure 1.Figure 1 - Steps and activities in TeatoL environment along with target mode for learning Page

Conference Session

FPD 2: Retention

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anant R. Kukreti, University of Cincinnati; Kristen Strominger, University of Cincinnati - School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and Medical Engineering; Urmila Ghia, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

Professorships, two national ASEE teaching awards, and is internationally recognized in his primary research field.Ms. Kristen Strominger, University of Cincinnati - School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and MedicalEngineering Kristen Strominger is the STEM Program Coordinator working under Anant Kukreti on the NSF Type 1 STEP Project in the School of Energy, Environmental, Biological and Medical Engineering at the Uni- versity of Cincinnati (UC). Kristen completed her master’s degree in Higher Education, Student Affairs at Florida State University in Tallahassee, Florida previous to beginning her position at UC in July 2012. She plans, designs, evaluates and modifies programs supported by the NSF Type 1 STEP Grant in the

Conference Session

Computer Based Grading and Learning Styles

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter W Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering; John K. Estell, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

computer programming exercises through the use of a short videomade via video capture and incorporating oral commentary by the instructor as the assignment isgraded. The article describes the technique used, student perceptions of the technique, acomparison of faculty effort, and assessment from two private 4-year institutions in the Midwest.1 IntroductionIt is well known within the educational community that students exhibit different learning styles.These learning styles have been well documented an analyzed across different disciplines.Effective teaching involves understanding these styles and adjusting ones classroom presentationto appropriately match the needs of the students. Overall, there are six prominent learning stylemodels in the

Conference Session

Crossing Boundaries - Service Learning and Interdisciplinary Teams

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chung-Suk Cho, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Candace Mazze, Univeristy of North Carolina at Charlotte; Sandra Loree Dika, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Gary Bruce Gehrig P.E., University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Construction

. In completing theplanning sheet, students were asked to individually choose their top three preferred housingconstruction tasks from a teacher-generated list based on tasks and skills of the construction fieldthat are commonly part of HFH projects. These typical tasks commonly associated with the HFHprojects are listed in Table 1 below. It was naturally expected that students would coordinatetheir HFH project site of participation based on their preferred construction tasks. Table 1. List of Typical HFH Tasks  Framing  Flooring  Siding  Hanging dry wall  Roofing  Finishing work

Conference Session

Teaching - Best Practices

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bimal P. Nepal, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

interactive ways with lots ofin-class exercises. Moreover, educators argue that the topic based approach has little correlationwith what is the contemporary need of the industry and they suggest the project-based learning tobridge that gap3, 4.This paper presents a framework for student learning that consists of combination of tools thatare used in both topic-based and project-based learning approach. In addition, it also describescourse design and delivery techniques along with recommended timelines for incorporatingdifferent teaching tools during a semester. In the end, it presents results of student surveys thatwere conducted in two different course settings-one each for graduate and undergraduate class.II. Proposed learning frameworkExhibit 1

Conference Session

Design Based Energy Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Oxana S Pantchenko, University of California at Santa Cruz; Tiffany Wise-West P.E., University of California Santa Cruz; Michael S. Isaacson, University of California, Santa Cruz; Ali Shakouri Shakouri, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

 of Santa Cruz, CA (the City) are evaluatingrenewable energy technologies, in particular solar, and wind power generation at the Santa CruzMunicipal Wharf (the Wharf). The City  is located on the central coast of California and while itsclimatic patterns are suboptimal for reliance on single intermittent technology for  renewable energygeneration, the coastal location is a prime opportunity to understand how to optimize amultiple­technology distributed microgrid. See Figures 1 and 2 for location and renewable energyresource availability details. Page 23.537.2 Figure 1 The location of the City of Santa Cruz (top

Conference Session

Study Abroad, International Experience, Exchange Programs and Student Retention

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmed Imran, Ajman Univeristy of Science & Technology, UAE; Mohamed Nasor M. Kalil; Fahar G. M. Hayati, Ajman University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

International

’ motivation to continue in a particular program. Students’persistence in engineering programs has been analyzed in relation to their performance inspecific courses like mathematics (5, 11). Although, several studies have analyzed students’performance in engineering (1, 4–6, 8–12, 14–16), there is a lack of systematic studies to understand thefactors that might influence students’ retention or reduce attrition from engineering programs.The purpose of the present case study is to analyze various patterns related to retention andattrition of students in engineering programs in two groups of students before and afterintroducing various program related changes in order to enhance student retention in theirrespective programs

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

E James Nelson, Brigham Young University; Tatevik Christensen; Fernando S Fonseca, Brigham Young University; A. Woodruff Miller, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

program at BYU. It also presents a comparisonbetween the BYU CE program and other universities.Defining the Capstone Course Capstone courses have become a widespread culminating experience in undergraduateengineering programs. They are largely the result of engineering programs seeking to bettermeet the needs of industry and have become so important that ABET requires universities toinclude them [1]. Nevertheless, capstone programs vary widely from school to school and asingle definition that applies to all programs does not exist. According to Fairchild and Taylor[2] , capstone projects are “culminating experiences in which students synthesize the skills theyhave acquired, integrate cross-disciplinary knowledge, and connect theory and

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy and Curriculum 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy F. Wheeler, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

College of Engineering, this “Introduction to Engineering Design” is required of all pre-engineering students. Since we have no influence over its content, it was not part of our planning and we will not consider it further in this paper.  200-level course – In the “Design Tools” course, students are introduced to LabView and data-flow programming, cplds, circuit simulation with printed circuit board layout and embedded microcontrollers. It is hoped that these skills will be useful for students immediately and will help them to pursue opportunities for hands-on experience. Details of the course content for this course have been previously published.1  300-level course – The “Introduction to

Conference Session

Improving course effectiveness

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terri M. Lynch-Caris, Kettering University; Mark A. Palmer P.E., Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

found in various classrooms across thecampus: (1) seating and room layout, (2) boards and projection and (3) computers and videocapture. In addition to the survey data, comments were solicited and compiled for continuousimprovement.A total of 75 students, faculty and staff responded to the survey. Within the three categories ofinstructional technology, three survey questions were asked to determine: (1) which technologieswere used, (2) which technologies did individuals enjoy and (3) which technologies didindividuals feel would enhance learning?There were several conclusions resulting from the data analysis including differences betweenfaculty and student preferences. The most interesting result was the compelling relationshipbetween enjoyment

Conference Session

Tricks of the Trade I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tomas Enrique Estrada, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

lecturing. We closeeach area with a succinct “bottom line” for quick reference on practical steps towards achievingthe performance zone.Focus area #1: Pre-lecture stress managementAs new faculty, we face many challenges and stressors, some of which are the same we haveexperienced since graduate school: deadlines for a conference or journal paper, pressure from adifficult co-worker, etc. There are others which might be new: dealing with schedule issues foradvisees, learning the lay of the land in terms of how the college or university operates, or evenfiguring out how to contact the department’s technician when laboratory equipmentmalfunctions. Additionally, there are other stressors that do not necessarily relate to the job itself,but which can

Conference Session

Programs in Entrepreneurship

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nada Marie Anid, New York Institute of Technology; Steven H. Billis, New York Institute of Technology; Marta Alicia Panero, New York Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

compete in the regional and global marketplaces."ETIC is structured to support:1. Collaborative Regional Innovation. The ETIC represents a clear example of an innovationcluster that creates synergies among existing regional competitive strengths. This initiativeengages a diverse base of stakeholders and facilitates collaboration among urban and suburbanareas – New York City (including the South Bronx) and Long Island. The Center reinforces andsupports economic development through long-term public/private partnerships, includingthrough by fostering the growth of emerging industries, startups, and supporting local existingbusinesses’ innovation, so that may remain competitive and dynamic players in the regionaleconomy.2. Public/Private Partnerships

Conference Session

Issues of Outreach and Interest in Engineering

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan C Pollock, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

. Page 23.544.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Equipping an Army of Ambassadors: A Workshop Model for a STEM Career Speaker's BureauImmersed in a society that is dominated and driven by work, and vulnerable to social influencesof prestige and gender bias, children as young as five years of age begin to postulate what careerthey will one day have[1]. Young people tend to choose professions that are familiar[2], whethertraditions in their family, or professions that have been exposed to them through education andexperience.Most careers in STEM aren't quite as tangible and recognizable as say a teacher, fireman, orprofessional sports player[3, 4], and young women

Conference Session

Programs in Support of Systems Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan K Donohue, University of Virginia; Ali Bouabid, Khalifa University of Science and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Systems Engineering

, Richmond; and Virginia Polytechnic Institute andState University, Blacksburg. At this time, only two schools in the Commonwealth – UVa andGeorge Mason – offer baccalaureate studies in systems engineering. Virginia Tech and ODUoffer graduate degrees in systems engineering.PVCC students are residents of an incorporated city and five surrounding counties; attendingUVa would allow them to remain in their communities. Figure 1 shows the general location ofPVCC and UVa. To support student transfer to these universities, engineering course offerings Page 23.545.3and sequences are deliberately set to provide a seamless transition to third year/junior

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa A Dagley, University of Central Florida; Nirmala Ramlakhan, Nee-Moh, Inc; Cynthia Y. Young, University of Central Florida; Michael Georgiopoulos, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

Associate Editor of the Neural Networks journal from 2006 to 2012. He has served as the Technical Co-Chair of the IJCNN 2011. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Establishing a Women’s Mentorship Network in a STEM Learning CommunityFor the science and technology workforce to remain globally competitive “The U.S. researchenterprise needs all the talent, skills, and brainpower that it can get” (p. 109)1. While addressingthe President’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology (PCAST), Linda Rosen, CEO ofChange the Equation, stated “generally, with the recession, looking at three years of (national)data there were three point six people for every open job

Conference Session

Engineering Ethics Division - Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jodi Reeves, National University; Larysa Nadolny, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

activity in two engineering Page 23.547.2management courses in two different course delivery formats.SciEthics Interactive Project DesignTo simulate a real-life industrial situation, we built a hypothetical company TransGen that isproducing genetically modified (i.e. transgenic) salmon. The students join the company as a newemployee on their first day of work and are provided one of three roles in the virtual world: 1)scientist, 2) activist, or 3) government regulations agency member. Through an instructionalhandout, the students are introduced to the challenge ahead. Your report is a very important part of your job as a researcher/activist

Conference Session

ABET Accreditation, Assessment and Program Improvement in ECE.

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark William Redekopp, University of Southern California; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

are many interpretations and implementations of an "inverted" or "flipped"classroom, let us define the term "flipped" classroom as one where “events that have traditionallytaken place inside first the classroom now take place outside the classroom and vice versa”1.The typical flipped classroom achieves knowledge transfer of fundamental conceptual materialvia reading assignments and video lectures which students are responsible for before attendingthe in-person lecture. This lecture then becomes a setting for questions, joint problem solving,and targeted discussion of topics that require more in-depth treatment as well as short, interactivelearning experiences that provide individual and group practice along with immediate feedback.By itself

Conference Session

Embedded Systems and Mobile Computing

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Simin Hall, Virginia Tech; Clifford A. Shaffer, Virginia Tech; Eric Fouh, Virginia Tech; Mai Hassan ElShehaly, Virginia Tech; Daniel Breakiron, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

students’ performanceas measured by their grades, students’ perceptions and opinions obtained on surveys, field notesfrom observing the classes, interview data at the end of the course, and the interaction logs thatour system records. After the pilot test, students’ average grade in the treatment group wasslightly (but not significantly) better than the control group on the post test. Students’ survey andinterview data indicated positive feedback about OpenDSA, with the average response on howwell they liked using the OpenDSA materials increasing after use as compared to a similar pre-test question about whether they would like to use such materials.1. IntroductionWe present our first evaluation results from an ongoing research and development

Conference Session

Research on Learning, Performance, and Impact

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cameron Denson, North Carolina State University; Chandra Y Austin Ph.D, Auburn University; Christine E. Hailey, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

professional engineer. Prior to coming to Utah State University, she was a manager and member of the technical staff at Sandia National Labora- tories. She has also served as department chair of the Mechanical Engineering program at the University of Texas at Tyler. Page 23.550.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Evaluating the “Impacts” Section of the Engineering Self-Efficacy, Interest and Perceptions SurveyIntroductionThe new century has seen the U.S. workforce struggle to keep pace with the nation’s demand toproduce more engineers.1 The

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan D. Niemi, LeTourneau University; Matthew G. Green, LeTourneau University; Melanie Roudkovski, LeTourneau University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Enhancement (FIRE), is supportedby the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0969382. Any opinions, findings, andconclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the authors and do notnecessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.1.0 Project Activities1.1 Overall Goal Page 23.551.2The most specific and immediate goal of this project is to increase the School of Engineering andEngineering Technology (SEET) graduation rate from its 2009 five-year average of 42% to animproved five-year average of 65%.1 To achieve this target, 1-year retention of new studentsmust be increased to 85% from its 2009 level of 68

Conference Session

Curriculum Development and Multidisciplinary Instruction

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine Skokan, Colorado School of Mines; Ravel F. Ammerman, Colorado School of Mines; William Hoff, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

handwriting, helpful explanations, and the many illustrative examples that he doesin class. The other two instructors for the remaining sections were a Teaching Professor and anadjunct. These sections contained about 60 students each as well.The three main tasks in this project completed were: 1. The initial planning stage was done over the summer, 2011 by the PIs. At this time we refined the plan for delivering the hybrid course, and developed the methods for taking and posting the videos. We used Blackboard for hosting the videos, as this allowed us to restrict access to the videos to the students enrolled in the “hybrid” section only. 2. The effort during the fall semester was to tape the lectures and post them online. We

Conference Session

Innovative IE Curricula

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Paul Sly, Iowa State University; Daniel P Bumblauskas, University of Missouri Harvard University; Adam R Carberry, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

engineering students enrolled in the sales engineering courses between the Fall 2010and Fall 2012 semester were surveyed both at the beginning and end of the semester (N = 33).An instrument was developed for this study to specifically assess demographics, beliefs, andtechnical sales skills taught in the course (Appendix I). Student beliefs were specifically utilizedbecause only the individual can truly express their own attitudes, emotions, and internal stateswithin a specific domain6. The beliefs portion of the survey included six items rated from low tohigh on a scale from 1 to 10. A pre-post analysis of item means was undertaken for these items.The sales skill items were designed around the sales minor and the course content providinginitial

Conference Session

Integrating Curriculum and Labs in Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig A Chin, Southern Polytechnic State University; Leigh Sharma, Southern Polytechnic College of Engr and Engr Tech; Garth V Crosby, Southern Illinois University Carbondale

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

a two course series in data communications. A bottom-up approach isutilized in this series, with topics relevant to the lower layers of the TCP/IP protocol suite(physical and data link) being examined in ECET 3400 and topics relevant to the upper layers(network, transport and application) being examined in ECET 4820. Page 23.554.2As a part of ECET 3400, concepts pertaining to network models, such as frame format,encapsulation and addressing are introduced using a simplified frame format representation. Inthis representation, physical, logical, and port addresses are represented by simple numbers orletters (Figure 1). This simplified frame