Conference Session

A Challenge to Engineering Educators

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa DuPree McNair, Virginia Tech; Wende Garrison, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

practice. Projects supported by the National Science Foundation include interdisciplinary pedagogy for pervasive computing design; writing across the curriculum in Statics courses; as well as a National Science Foun- dation CAREER award to explore the use of e-portfolios for graduate students to promote professional identity and reflective practice. Her teaching emphasizes the roles of engineers as communicators and educators, the foundations and evolution of the engineering education discipline, assessment methods, and evaluating communication in engineering.Wende Garrison, Virginia Tech Wende Garrison got her bachelor’s and master’s from Portland State University in Film & Television and Rhetoric &

Conference Session

Research on Learning, Performance, and Impact

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sylvanus N. Wosu, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

, staff and students are valued for their unique cultures, experiences and perspectives. The EOD identifies high qualified undergraduate students and assists in their preparation for graduate research and education by building a diverse workforce and student body and by developing equitable academic supports designed to meet the academic needs of the student body without discrimination. Dr. Wosu has developed and directed mentoring programs for preparing women and underrepresented college students for graduate education, and high school students for college careers. Since coming to the University of Pittsburgh, he has created several programs including the Pitt Engineering Career Access Program (PECAP), a program to

Conference Session

Preparing for Practice

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Huff, Purdue University; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

= 523). Our semi-structuredinterview protocol was informed by both the survey responses of alumni and the objectives ofthis larger investigation. As EPICS is a design course, the topic of design was explicitly probedthroughout the survey. Moreover, interview participants often recounted how their designexperiences in EPICS informed their current design experiences. Through the thematic analysis,we recognized themes related to design to be quite pervasive in the interview accounts.The objective of this particular paper is to articulate how authentic design experiences, such asEPICS, affect alums in how they understand and practice design in their careers. We discuss themultiple and also common ways that alumni understand and enact design because

Conference Session

Institutional Perspectives and Boundary Work

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Reid, Ohio Northern University; Tyler J Hertenstein, Ohio Northern University; Graham Talmadge Fennell, Ohio Northern University; Elizabeth Marie Spingola, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society

Education and Engineering DisciplinesAbstract:Ohio Northern University is in its second year of an innovative and unique Bachelor of Sciencedegree with a major in Engineering Education. This program will provide graduates with afoundation in engineering, mathematics, and education, qualifying the graduate for licensure as asecondary math teacher in the state of Ohio. The degree is similar to a General Engineeringdegree, expanding potential career opportunities. Further opportunities are expected to be amongvenues such as science and technology museums. This degree program offers the introduction ofmath teachers into middle and high school environments with an inherent appreciation ofengineering, producing graduates who

Conference Session

Minority Student Success

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rafic Bachnak, Texas A&M International University; Rohitha Goonatilake; Sofía Carolina Maldonado, Texas A&M International University; Dan Mott, Texas A&M International University

Tagged Divisions

Minorities in Engineering

implemented at Texas A&M International University (TAMIU), a Hispanic ServingInstitution, located in Laredo, Texas.II. Internship and Research Assistantship Programs at TAMIUSTEM degrees at TAMIU are offered by the Department of Engineering, Mathematics, andPhysics (EMAP) and the Department of Biology and Chemistry (B&C). The STEM faculty isdevoted to serving students and integrating their scholarship into teaching and service. The maingoal is to prepare students to successful professional careers through the provisions of highquality educational programs and excellent learning and research environments. To promote thisobjective, the following two programs have been recently developed:(a) Internship ProgramThe purpose of the Internship

Conference Session

Engineering Leadership Development Division Technical Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amadin Osagiede, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Benjamin Ahn, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Leadership Development Division

obtained a B.S. in Mathematics from Spelman College, a M.S. in Industrial Engineering from the University of Alabama, and a Ph.D. in Leadership and Policy Studies from Peabody College of Vanderbilt University. Teaching interests relate to the professional development of graduate engineering students and to leadership, policy, and change in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. Primary research projects explore the preparation of engineering doctoral students for careers in academia and industry and the development of engineering education assessment tools. She is a National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career (CA- REER) award winner and is a recipient of a Presidential Early Career Award for

Conference Session

Instrumentation Technical Session I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Asad Yousuf, Savannah State University; Jarvis Brewer T, Savannah State University; Mohamad A. Mustafa, Savannah State University; Alberto G De La Cruz, Savannah State University; Faraz Muhammad Yousuf, 3D Imaging Developer

Tagged Divisions

Instrumentation

concepts learned in this project can relate to the engineering concepts. For the ElectricalEngineering Technology students, they are provided with a meaningful context within which toshare their projects and explain their own understanding of Electrical Engineering TechnologyprinciplesIntroductionElectrical Engineering Technology/Electrical Engineering is one of the few disciplines that highschool students are unlikely to have exposure with, whether in school or through their ownexperiences. If our objective is to enhance the interest of students in Electrical EngineeringTechnology/Electrical Engineering then it is essential to strengthen the pipeline to high schooleducation. Strengthening the engineering career decision-making can happen in

Conference Session

Starting Them Early

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Gina Navoa Svarovsky, Science Museum of Minnesota; Brianna L Dorie, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, Zdanna Tranby2 & Scott Van Cleave2 1 Purdue University, 2 Science Museum of MinnesotaAbstractExploring the gender differences in how children develop early interest and understanding inengineering can provide useful information for the ongoing efforts to address the low numbers ofwomen who pursue engineering careers. By the time girls reach middle school, they are alreadymuch less likely to be interested in STEM careers than boys are, especially for fields that aremath-intensive such as physics and engineering. This lack of interest has been connected to anarrow and often inaccurate view of the engineering profession and the perceived misalignmentbetween what engineers do and what girls value in future

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Persistence

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Moriarty, National Science Foundation; Susannah Howe, Smith College; Elena Rose Yasinski, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

College created a pilot job shadow program for women in engineering. Job shadowing is aworkplace-based learning experience that introduces students to career areas and provides theopportunity to spend a day or two observing a professional in the field. The overarching goal ofthe project was to explore the effectiveness of job shadowing by undergraduate womenengineering students as a means of improving interest and persistence in engineering. Shadowparticipants created reflective interest statements, spent a day observing engineeringprofessionals, and reported on their experiences at a panel presentation for their engineeringclassmates. A mixed methods research plan was developed and implemented in order to assessthe impact of the job shadow

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel P. Dempsey, University of Massachusetts Lowell; Carol Barry, University of Massachusetts, Lowell; Joey Mead, University of Massachusetts Lowell

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

difficult for a student with industrialcareer aspirations to learn the distinctions in how to utilize common skills for different ends, andadapting skills learned for academia to industry often leave the student looking ill-prepared tomake the transition.This paper presents steps taken by the graduate students of the Center for High-rateNanomanufacturing (CHN) at the University of Massachusetts Lowell for professional skillimprovement and job placement strategies intended for careers in industry. Prior to this work, nooutlined professional development program at the University was focused solely on doctoralstudent placement in industrial oriented careers. Therefore, the CHN students formulated aprofessional development program tailored to meet

Conference Session

Global Engineering Education Cross-Cultural Awareness and Social Impacts

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claudio da Rocha Brito, Science and Education Research Council; Melany M. Ciampi, Safety, Health and Environment Research Organization; Rosa Maria Castro Fernandes Vasconcelos, Universidade de Minho; Luis Alfredo Martins Amaral P.E., University of Minho; Victor Freitas de Azeredo Barros, Science and Education Research Council

Tagged Divisions

International

young students are choosingengineering as a career to pursue despite work market demand for engineers.1. IntroductionExamining more carefully the training of engineers, it is assumed that technical skill isassociated with understanding and proficiency in a particular type of activity, especially thosethat are involved in methods, processes and procedures. As an example, one can take the trainingof the engineer, who - mostly - is focused on calculations, simulations and projects,characterizing it as an individual, above all, objective. Since the human ability can be understoodas the ability of individuals to interact with others and respect fellows and nature, theseindividuals are aware of their own attitudes, opinions and beliefs on

Conference Session

Engineering Education in the Middle East and Technology Exploration in Africa and Developing Countries

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wilhelm Alexander Friess, University of Maine; Muhieddin Amer, RIT-Dubai

Tagged Divisions

International

Paper ID #5835Observations on startup and operational challenges for US engineering pro-grams in the Middle EastDr. Wilhelm Alexander Friess, University of Maine Dr. Friess holds a Ph.D. in Aeronautical Engineering and a B.Sc. in Physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (1997), and currently is Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering with the University of Maine and Director of the Brunswick Engineering Program. Previously he has spent 5 years in Dubai as faculty of RIT Dubai and Dubai Aerospace Enterprise University. Dr. Friess’ industrial and academic career spans a variety of consulting and entrepreneurial

Conference Session

Issues in Advising and Mentoring

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Dolenc, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Robotics Competition (FRC), a high school robotics contest focused on inspiringstudents to enter STEM careers. Mentor involvement within these robotics teams are comparedto establish end points, and characterized to find where the remainder mentor visions fall withinthis spectrum. Our research questions are: How do mentors define their roles? How do theamount of mentoring levels differ when comparing with the other robotics teams? What are thevarious student behaviors under these mentoring roles?Mentorship Literature Review The difficulty of research obtaining an overall clear definition of mentoring is due todefinitions changing based on the context mentoring exists in. An effort to define mentoring hascaused an overlap of definitions that

Conference Session

Preparation of Professional Engineers Outside of the USA. What are the Education, Experience, and Exam Requirements?

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Hundley, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Lynn G Brown, The Boeing Company; Patricia Fox, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Catherine Didion, National Academy of Engineering; Daniel R. Sayre, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Preparation for three years; Manufacturing Technology Advisory Group Board of Directors for seven years; and three National Science Foundation Review Committees for manufacturing and engineering-related NSF grants. Brown also served as a conference committee member of the National Career Pathways Network and serving on a number of state and local boards and skills standards committees. She has taught at the secondary, community college and university levels as well as been a research associate at IC2 Institute in Austin, Texas. Brown attended the University of Texas at Austin for her Ph.D. work in Higher Educational Administration; Northern Arizona University for her M.A. in Curriculum and Assessment and Arizona State

Conference Session

Secondary (6-12) Outreach

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Healy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Angela Berenstein

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Tour - cleanroom 4.4 Lecture – careers in nanotechnology 4.3 Table 1. 2005 camp survey results of topics Likert scale 1-5 with 1= least favorite and 5= most favoriteIn 2006 and 2007, we used the 2005 and 2006 survey results to restructure the summer programsto include more hands-on activities and less lectures by Georgia Tech faculty. The averageevaluations for these two summers remained very similar to those of 2005 with the averageranging between 3.0 - 4.5. The written comments included similar responses: Page 23.1340.4  “Make the camp harder and

Conference Session

Graduate Student Experience

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Benjamin Ahn, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica Farmer Cox, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brenda M. Capobianco, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Graduate Studies, Student

a Ph.D. in Leadership and Policy Studies from Peabody College of Vanderbilt University. Teaching in- terests relate to the professional development of graduate engineering students and to leadership, policy, and change in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics education. Primary research projects explore the preparation of engineering doctoral students for careers in academia and industry and the de- velopment of engineering education assessment tools. She is a National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career (CAREER) award winner and is a recipient of a Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers (PECASE).Prof. Heidi A. Diefes-Dux, Purdue University, West Lafayette Heidi A. Diefes-Dux

Conference Session

Problem- and project-based learning in environmental engineering

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lupita D Montoya, University of Colorado, Boulder; Robyn Sandekian, University of Colorado Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

first-year students, Page 23.772.2especially those underrepresented in STEM, in ways that basic theory courses including physicsand calculus do not.The need to contextualize engineering education. African Americans, Latinos, and NativeAmericans in the US share some common cultural aspects in their leadership models. Inparticular, their leadership styles are usually people-centered, community-focused, andadvocacy-oriented.8,9 Social and behavioral science studies have examined how core culturalvalues translate into career choices in these populations. For example, a recent study found thatAfrican American medical school graduates from

Conference Session

Global Competency and What Makes a Successful Engineer

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Healy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Lynn Charles Rathbun, National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network, Cornell University

Tagged Divisions

International

recognized by the National Science Foundation (NSF)by its development of several programs focused on global placements. NSF stresses in its Page 23.400.2publications and programs the importance of supporting U.S. scientists and engineers todevelop international collaborations that will help ensure that they gain internationalexperience particularly early in their careers.[7] NSF has an entire division, Office ofInternational Science and Engineering that supports the development of scientists andengineers who will become leaders in international collaborations that NSF sees as key toU.S. development and its role as a world leader in science and technology

Conference Session

NSF Grantees' Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Deborah Newberry, Nano-Link Regional Center for Nanotechnology Education

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

educators asthe focus topic.The Process:The logic diagram, which was one of the first steps in the evaluation and improvement process for theSynergy project effort, is shown in Figure 1. The logic diagram follows the progression of steps frominput through long term results. Essentially, the goal of Nano-Link is to enthuse young (pre college)students about nanoscience in particular and science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) ingeneral. In the early years of Nano-Link, dissemination efforts focused predominantly on the students,with classroom visits, summer camps and various activities used to reach students with information aboutnanoscience and STEM concepts and careers. This effort was moderately successful with hundreds ofstudents reached

Conference Session

FPD 5: Transitions and Student Success, Part I

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carolyn Skurla, Baylor University; Steven R. Eisenbarth, Baylor University

Tagged Divisions

First-Year Programs

supportservices and resources to build a sense of community and to ensure retention through thecompletion of their degree. SAS Scholars were familiarized with campus resources that providesupport, encourage success, and help students improve study skills. Mentoring activitiesincluded teaching life and career skills, providing faculty and industry mentors, encouragingstudents to seek summer internships, and providing them with services, resources, and events toassist them in the transition to engineering and computer science programs at a 4-year university.The introduction of SAS scholars to each other provided the students with an instant supportnetwork of classmates and student-mentors. Through career counseling and focusedstudent/faculty interaction

Conference Session

Engineering in K-12 Science and Mathematics Standards

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Bottomley, North Carolina State University; Elizabeth A Parry, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

educational matters. In the state ofNorth Carolina, courses covered by the division of career and technical education (CTE) alreadyaddress many of the engineering topics that can be so critical to teaching children to think.Unfortunately, CTE courses do not extend into elementary school and are severely limited insome middle schools for budgetary reasons. CTE courses in high school have a distinguishedhistory. Here, however, the teaching of engineering-related topics has become strongly linked tospecific engineering content classes. Other CTE courses and other programs throughout thecurriculum do not contain engineering content. In addition, courses offered as career andtechnical education are elective courses, frequently not selected by students who

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Culture

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thomas E. Pinelli, NASA Langley Research Center; Cathy W. Hall, East Carolina University; Kimberly Marie Brush, NASA Langley Research Center; Jeannine B. Perry, Continental Research Associates, Inc.

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

world marketplace. For women this is further complicated by the fact oncethey do enter the workforce consistent with their chosen major, they are less likely to remain inthis career field.6 Fouad and Singh6 note that after five years in an engineering career, one out offour women are likely to leave as opposed to only one out of ten men. There are not onlyconcerns in attracting and retaining women as engineering majors at the college/university level,but concerns also in retaining women in engineering career trajectories once they have receivedtheir degree. Research focusing on individual characteristics has suggested that one of the reasons forthe gender disparity in physical sciences and engineering is differences in skill sets between

Conference Session

Recruitment, Retention and First-year Programs in ECE

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher R. Carroll, University of Minnesota Duluth

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

engineering concepts? These questions were among thosefaced by the Electrical Engineering faculty. This paper exposes some of the techniques used tointrigue students and to capture their interest in digital circuit design.Attracting middle-school students to the field of engineering is a challenge. Students’ interestmust be captured before societal pressures deflect career choices into other directions. Students,must be encouraged to consider engineering as an interesting field before it is “too late” to enterthe necessary math and science tracks in high school. Consequently, students must be exposedto the excitement and potential of engineering during their middle-school education to motivatethem successfully to consider engineering careers. The

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues: Persistence

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer A. Skaggs, American University in Cairo

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

engineeringeducation, this study allows for increased understanding of their identity development in relationto their future career choices. For many females, their identity formation during their collegecareer, as they balance being a woman with being an engineer, is precarious resulting in anexodus of females from engineering within the first five years of graduation.This paper will first present the research surrounding evidence of women not participating inengineering, indications of engineering as a socially-constructed masculine environment, and thepurpose of higher education for professional and personal identity development. Secondly, theconceptual framework and research questions driving this study will be provided. Thirdly,Marcia Baxter Magolda’s

Conference Session

Undergraduate Student Issues II

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Melissa A Dagley, University of Central Florida; Nirmala Ramlakhan, Nee-Moh, Inc; Cynthia Y. Young, University of Central Florida; Michael Georgiopoulos, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

iSTEM Dr. Dagley works to promote and enhance collaborative efforts on STEM education and research by bringing together colleges, centers, and institutes on campus, as well as other stakeholders with similar interest in STEM initiatives. Her research interests lie in the areas of student access to edu- cation, sense of community, retention, first-year experience, living-learning communities, and persistence to graduation for students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics programs.Dr. Nirmala Ramlakhan, Nee-Moh, Inc Situated in the unique space straddling both academia and industry, Dr. Ramlakhan uses her 13 years of experience in education, workforce and career development to drive STEM agendas. Currently

Conference Session

Trends in Engineering Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leticia Anaya, University of North Texas

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

strategies and didacticcurriculums, integrated design technologies and developing technologies; to simulation, qualityin higher education, and distance learning; to information communication technology,assessment/accreditation, sustainable technology and project-based training; and to engineeringmanagement, women engineering careers, and undergraduate engineering research.Trends in Engineering EducationThe trends in engineering education have been reported over several periods of time by differentauthors. Meisen6 mentions that the global trends in engineering education in the 90s were agreater emphasis on experiential programs supported by industry work experience, decliningemphasis on laboratory instruction, internationalization of engineering

Conference Session

Building BIM into Construction Curricula

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin R. Miller, Brigham Young University; Clifton B. Farnsworth, Brigham Young University; Justin Earl Weidman, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Construction

“industry sharing” with academic institutions strengthens our programand likewise better prepares their future employees. After our students graduate we anticipatethat they will be comfortable in sharing new ideas or trends with us because they benefitted fromtheir predecessors sharing with them.Acknowledgment that BIM Specific Personnel Currently Have a Limited Career PathThese visits also revealed that BIM provides a limited career path to those students who wish torise to the executive level. Students would be better served by either pursuing a position as aproject engineer or one in preconstruction, with an emphasis in BIM. Students interested in BIMalso seeking to move up to the executive levels in a company should look for job titles like

Conference Session

Design Pedagogy and Curriculum 2

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy F. Wheeler, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mary Lynn Brannon, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

abilities at theconclusion of their undergraduate career. In the wake of ABET 2000, it came to play anexaggerated role in fulfilling the program outcomes of Criterion 3. Of the eleven outcomes,seven are covered in this one course, four of them are covered here exclusively.By 2009, when the Undergraduate Curriculum Committee (UCC) reviewed the seniorcapstone design course, it was felt that the students were not making the best use of thisopportunity. It was viewed by students as simply another lab-based course. The demands ofteaching professionalism topics, project management and the design process meant that therewas seldom time in a single semester for students to complete an extended project that hadmeaning for their professional development

Conference Session

Innovative IE Curricula

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Paul Sly, Iowa State University; Daniel P Bumblauskas, University of Missouri Harvard University; Adam R Carberry, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

Sales for Engineers I, and is focused on teaching students how tobe effective technical sales people. Faculty and administrators reached out to an industrialadvisory committee comprised of organizations to develop the program with a vested interest;specific organizations that hire students from the College of Engineering at Iowa StateUniversity for career tracks in technical sales and marketing were solicited.The course, taught by one instructor since 2008, uses a combination of various sales techniquesand strategies from established technical sales programs to frame the syllabus for the course.This course has now been offered for five consecutive years, with surveys taken of students atthe beginning and end of the course for four semesters

Conference Session

CEED - Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig J. Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

and actually across the globe, the number of courses, seminars, andsuggestions for providing students with materials to help them in their future careers abound. Wehave courses focusing on how to properly maneuver through a dining experience and how tocarry on a conversation in an elevator. We try to teach young men and women how to dressproperly for success while giving them tips on how to formulate resumes and cover letters. Wemarch any number of employers through our classrooms providing those students with masses ofinformation on those companies and their products. All in all there is nothing wrong with thisapproach. We know what they need to know and we try to provide as much of it as possible. Butwith that there is a sense that we have