Conference Session

Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Interdisciplinary Capstone ProjectsIntroductionConducting a literature survey in capstone projects via the ASEE conference database aloneyields 1000 entries, with each entry to offer something valuable, by either looking at a largerpicture such as trends in capstone projects in the US for improving undergraduate education1 orstudying characteristics of similar projects in China2 or something specific such as integratingexternally funded research into capstone experiences3, utilizing service projects4, or just workingin thermal science in mechanical engineering5.A good portion of the capstone courses seen in engineering curricula are focusing on singlediscipline

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shekar Viswanathan, National University; Gary Bright Ph.D., National University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #10293Effective Capstone Project in Manufacturing Design Engineering ProgramDr. Shekar Viswanathan, National University Dr. Viswanathan is a Professor at National University with the department of Applied Engineering. He has over 20 years of industrial and 20 years of teaching experience.Gary Bright Ph.D., National University Dr. Bright is an adjunct Associate Professor in the Department of Applied Engineering at National Univer- sity. He has an interdisciplinary background in cell biology, bioengineering, and biophysics with a Ph.D. in Cell Biology and Post-doctoral work in Biophyics and Bioengineering. After 9

Conference Session

Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Morteza Sadat-Hossieny, Northern Kentucky University; Mauricio Torres, Northern Kentucky University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #9229NKU-Mazak Corp. Joint Senior Project ProgramDr. Morteza Sadat-Hossieny, Northern Kentucky University Morteza Sadat-Hossieny is an associate Professor and Director of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engi- neering Technology at Northern Kentucky University. Dr. Sadat-Hossieny is actively involved in consult- ing and research in the areas of Alternative Energy, Industry-University Collaborations, and technology transfer mechanizes in manufacturing. Dr. Sadat-Hossieny received a B.S. degree in Mechanical En- gineering Technology for Oklahoma State University in 1983, an M.S. in Manufacturing Engineering

Conference Session

Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher P. Pung, Grand Valley State University; Hugh Jack, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #8411Industry Based Senior Projects and the Four Pillars of Manufacturing Engi-neeringDr. Christopher P. Pung, Grand Valley State UniversityDr. Hugh Jack, Grand Valley State University Dr. Hugh Jack is a registered professional engineer currently teaching Product Design and Manufacturing at Grand Valley State University. His areas of interest include automation, controls, and robotics. Page 24.741.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014Industry Based Senior Projects and the

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vukica M. Jovanovic, Old Dominion University; Manveer Mann; Petros J Katsioloudis, Old Dominion University; Daniel L. Dickerson, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #10940Enabling Multidisciplinary Perspective in Student Design Project: Fast Fash-ion and Sustainable Manufacturing SystemsDr. Vukica Jovanovic, Old Dominion University Dr. Jovanovic is currently serving as Assistant Professor of Mechanical Engineering Technology De- partment, Frank Batten College of Engineering and Technology, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA. Prior to joining ODU’s Engineering Technology Department Dr. Jovanovic was teaching at Trine Uni- versity, Angola, Indiana at Design Engineering Technology Department. Before Trine, she was working as an instructor and a graduate research assistant at

Conference Session

Best Practices and Lessons Learned in Capstone Design Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.); Irina Nicoleta Ciobanescu Husanu, Drexel University (Tech.); Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Joshua Konstantinos

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #10225Interdisciplinary Senior Design Project to Develop a Teaching Tool: DragonConductive 3D PrinterDr. Yalcin Ertekin, Drexel University (Tech.) Yalcin Ertekin received his Ph.D. degree in mechanical Engineering from Missouri University of Science and Technology (formerly The University of Missouri-Rolla). He is a Certified Quality Engineer (CQE) and Certified Manufacturing Engineer (CMfgE). His teaching responsibilities include Computer Numeri- cal Control, manufacturing processes, applied quality control, mechanical design, and applied mechanics, manufacturing information management systems, introduction to

Conference Session

Teaching and Assessment Methodologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bimal P. Nepal, Texas A&M University; Barry Lawrence, Texas A&M University; Esther Rodriguez-Silva PhD, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

the Global Supply Chain Laboratory at Texas A&M University, where she conducts applied research and industry projects in the area of global distribution, best practices in distribution profitability, distributor value added services, and within industry Consortia. Dr. Rodriguez Silva is the Director of the Talent Incubator Program where she educates and train students for project development and execution. Also, she coordinates the Global Distribution Study Abroad Program designated to teach students on how to conduct business in the international arena. Dr. Rodriguez Silva has contributed with recognized international institutions on supply chain man- agement and participated on the implementation of

Conference Session

Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Ethics Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald W. Welch, The Citadel; Keith Plemmons PE, PMP, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Engineers for over 24 years including eleven years on the faculty at the United States Military Academy.Dr. Keith Plemmons PE, PMP, The Citadel Dr. Keith Plemmons is a project management and education professional. Currently, Keith is an Asso- ciate Professor in The Citadel’s School of Engineering and the CEO of VAB Group, LLC, a sole-proprietor business services company. Keith is a registered Professional Engineer in South Carolina, with 30 years of multi-disciplinary engineering, management and higher education experience across public and pri- vate sectors in the United States and Japan. His credentials include a B.S. in Civil Engineering from The Citadel, and a M.S. and a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Clemson

Conference Session

Program and Curriculum Design Initiatives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hong Sheng, Missouri University of Science and Technology ; Robert G. Landers, Missouri University of Science & Technology; Fang Liu; Thanh Nguyen, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

year and succeeded in its goals of increasing students’ knowledge of theadditive manufacturing processes. Our results also show improvement in the students’ abilities toconduct individual research projects, work in an interdisciplinary environment, utilize computer-aided tools and laboratory facilities, and improving students’ communication and presentationskills. Some limitations of the REU program are explained in the paper.INTRODUCTION Missouri University of Science and Technology (Missouri S&T) hosts an AdditiveManufacturing Research Experience for Undergraduates program. Additive manufacturing,sometimes called direct digital manufacturing, is a class of manufacturing processes where bymaterial is added in a layer-by-layer

Conference Session

Teaching and Assessment Methodologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Austin Creasy, Purdue University (Statewide Technology); Nicole Otte, Central Nine Career Center

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

details of the class and the successes of this partnership.IntroductionIn southeastern Indiana, manufacturing is one of the dominant economic activities. About 30percent of the overall workforce works directly for a manufacturing company.1 According to theEconomic Opportunities through Education by 2015 (EcO15), this workforce is not sufficientlytrained to meet the needs of the manufacturers.1 To meet these needs, community educationleaders, industry, and academia have partnered together in order to assist the workforce and thefuture workforce meet these needs. Part of this partnership has been to assist all of the secondaryschools within the southeastern region of Indiana offer Project Lead the Way (PLTW) courses.These classes are being used to

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edward E. Osakue, Texas Southern University; Derrick Smith, Texas Southern University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

items not needed for the job. It isbelieved that such a work environment fosters higher employee morale, improves productivityand quality, and enhances safety.This paper reports the implementation of lean 6S technique in a Parker manufacturing plant inHouston, Texas. Parker corporate management believes that 6s establishes the foundation for allproductivity, quality, safety, and cost improvements of the future. The traditional 5S wasexpanded to 6S by adding safety awareness directly. The project involved several departments:maintenance, human resources, finance, janitorial, etc. In many of the departments prior to theimplementation of this project, disorder was evident in workflow and document processing hadhitches. After the implementation, we

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; M. Eric Carr, Drexel University; Bharadwaj Ramesh, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #10424Prototype Design of a Solar Greenhouse Incorporating Clean Energy Manu-facturing ConceptDr. Richard Chiou, Drexel UniversityDr. Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.) Dr. Radian Belu is Assistant Professor within the Engineering Technology (ET) program - Drexel Uni- versity, Philadelphia, USA. He is holding a PHD in power engineering and the other in physics. Before joining to the Drexel University Dr. Belu hold faculty and research positions at universities and re- search institutes in Romania, Canada and United States. He also worked for several years in industry as project manager, senior engineer

Conference Session

Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Ethics Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald J. Bennett F.ASEE, F.ABET P.E., University of St. Thomas; Niaz Latif, Purdue University Calumet (College of Technology); Aco Sikoski, Ivy Tech Community College; Steven Wendel, Sinclair Community College; Mohammad A. Zahraee, Purdue University Calumet (College of Technology)

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Community College Steve Wendel serves as Director of the National Center for Manufacturing Education (NCME), originally established as a National Science Foundation Center of Excellence in the NSF Advanced Technological Page 24.845.1 Education Program, the NCME provides leadership development for deans, program chairs, faculty and other educational leaders in manufacturing and engineering technology. Steve is also the Director for the Project Lead The Way (PLTW) Affiliate in Ohio. PLTW-OH has grown to over 340 programs in more than 150 school districts across Ohio preparing students for STEM career and college

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Lucian Ionel Cioca, "Lucian Blaga" University Sibiu, Romania

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Paper ID #8757Incorporating Sustainability and Green Design Concepts into the Engineer-ing and Engineering Technology Curriculum and ProgramsDr. Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.) Dr. Radian Belu is Assistant Professor within the Engineering Technology (ET) program - Drexel Uni- versity, Philadelphia, USA. He is holding a PHD in power engineering and the other in physics. Before joining to the Drexel University Dr. Belu hold faculty and research positions at universities and re- search institutes in Romania, Canada and United States. He also worked for several years in industry as project manager, senior engineer

Conference Session

Program and Curriculum Design Initiatives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Malini Natarajarathinam, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Distinction in 2010. Dr. Natarajarathi- nam’s research interests include coordinated decision making in stochastic supply chains, handling supply chains during times of crisis and optimizing global supply chains. Her research articles have won best paper awards at Association of Collegiate Marketing Educators Conference and Society of Marketing Advances Conference. She currently serves on the Editorial advisory board for International Journal of Physical Distribution and Logistics Management. Dr. Natarajarathinam has worked on several research projects funded by government agencies and industry. She has a strong passion for student development. She is the founding faculty of the Society of Women in Industrial Distribution

Conference Session

Use of Technology for Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University ; Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; M. Eric Carr, Drexel University; Aurel Mathews

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

mining, bio- informatics and advanced manufacturing. Dr. Tseng published in many refereed journals such as IEEE Transactions, IIE Transaction, Journal of Manufacturing Systems and others. He has been serving as a principle investigator of many research projects, funded by NSF, NASA, DoEd, and KSEF. He is currently serving as an editor of Journal of Computer Standards & Interfaces.Mr. M. Eric Carr, Drexel University Mr. Eric Carr is a full-time Laboratory Manager and part-time adjunct instructor with Drexel University’s Engineering Technology program. Eric assists faculty members with the development and implementa- tion of various Engineering Technology courses. A graduate of Old Dominion University’s Computer

Conference Session

Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Ethics Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan, United Arab Emirates University; Rajesh Ganithi, UAE University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

hands of the instructor to deviseexperiments and projects (instructional activities and materials) to achieve the course outcomes.Whetton [1] stated that most important professing of a professor involves his thoughtful choiceof reading materials, assignments, activities and most of all learning objectives. This ispronounced even more in this course because the instructor has to choose few experiments and aproject from a wide variety of mechanical engineering applications. The objectives, instructionalactivities and material and the assessments he develops have to be in alignment. Students at theUnited Arab Emirates University normally complete their Bachelor’s Degree in MechanicalEngineering in ten semesters. They take the Design and

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ismail Fidan, Tennessee Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. Page 24.780.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Integrating the Energy Efficiency and Assessment Components into ManufacturingAbstractThis paper reports the current developments and implementations on energy efficiency andassessment studies in an engineering technology program. The developments are basically in twocategories: 1) Web-based teaching modules of Renewable Energy Education have beendeveloped through a funded research project. Instructional Materials, Laboratory Practices andAssessment Exercises have been posted to iLearn (which a Desire2Learn system) and Canvas(which is an Instructure system). Developed materials have been tested by

Conference Session

Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Ethics Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel F. Jennings PE, Texas A&M University; Bimal P. Nepal, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Page 24.1163.2universities around the world as they are the ones who produce the next generation of businessleaders. Educators such as Bird and Sieber (2005) suggest that there are a number of reasons thatcan justify the teaching ethics to undergraduate (UG) engineering students and argue that thefollowing are the key reasons for necessity of teaching ethics at UG level: (a) many public policydecisions are based on scientific reasoning and findings; (b) engineers are also part of societyand they work to improve the lives of human beings; and (c) there could be huge personalinterest and “conflicting professional interests” in a number of projects in which an engineer isinvolved. Colby and Sullivan (2008), sponsored by the Carnegie Foundation

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Arif Sirinterlikci, Robert Morris University; Selin Frances Sirinterlikci, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

1.5+ machine for about $1,000. The machine is currently employed within thecourse and utilizes inexpensive biodegradable PLA (polylactic acid) material for printing.This paper will cover the basics of the Rep-Rap concept and Mendel Max 1.5 design, depict thedevelopment project and the way the machine employed in the course. The developmentapproach teaches students about machine design including actuators, drives, extruders, theircontrols, and associated software tools and programming. Utilization of the machine in thecourse is important for understanding of the filament fabrication and materials content,Stereolithography (STL) file development and its slicing through the open source software aswell as NC code generation, which is slightly

Conference Session

Use of Technology for Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Priya Manohar, Robert Morris University; Sushil Acharya, Robert Morris University; Peter Y Wu, Robert Morris University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 Enhancing Manufacturing Process Education via Computer Simulation and VisualizationAbstractIndustrially significant metal manufacturing processes such as melting, casting, rolling, forging,machining, and forming are multi-stage, complex processes that are labor, time, and capitalintensive. Mathematical modeling of these processes provides a theoretical framework forunderstanding the process variables and their effects on productivity and quality. However it isusually difficult to provide the students with hands-on experience of experimentation withprocess parameters to arrive at optical process design. In order to solve this problem,interdisciplinary student projects were

Conference Session

Program and Curriculum Design Initiatives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jaby Mohammed, The Petroleum Institute

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

how the freshmen year students would relate the differentmajors to the manufacturing sectors related to the oil and gas industry.  Ability to design system, and process to meet the desired needs with realistic constraints such economic, environmental, social, health and safety, and sustainability  Ability to work in multidisciplinary teams  Knowledge of the current issues  Understanding professional and ethical responsibilityThe Engineering Success Seminar (first year experience) is a semester long, four creditcourses that is offered at The Petroleum Institute where the students would learn methodsto be more productive with the industry engagement and hand-on project activity.BackgroundThe mission of the

Conference Session

Use of Technology for Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sheng-Jen Hsieh, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Rockwell Automation laboratory at Texas A&M University, a state-of-the-art facility for education and research in the areas of automation, control, and automated system integration. Page 24.175.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 An Investigation of Engineers’ Use of a Virtual Collaborative Environment for Automated Assembly System DesignCollaborating over a distance is essential to the business of system integration. Often the keyplayers on system integration projects are in different locations. For

Conference Session

Green and Sustainable Manufacturing Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso; Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); Paras Mandal, University of Texas, El Paso; Eric D Smith, University of Texas, El Paso; Radian G Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Oscar H. Salcedo, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

as IEEE Transactions, IIE Transaction, Journal of Manufacturing Systems and others. He has been serving as a principle investigator of many research projects, funded by NSF, NASA, DoEd, and KSEF. He is currently serving as an editor of Journal of Computer Standards & Interfaces.Dr. Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng.)Dr. Paras Mandal, University of Texas, El PasoDr. Eric D Smith, University of Texas, El Paso Eric D. Smith is currently an Assistant Professor at the University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP), working within the Industrial, Manufacturing and Systems Engineering Department. He earned a B.S. in Physics in 1994, an M.S. in Systems Engineering in 2003, and his Ph.D. in Systems and Industrial Engineering

Conference Session

Teaching and Assessment Methodologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Plouff, Grand Valley State University; Christopher P. Pung P.E., Grand Valley State University; Hugh Jack, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Development and Test Control Management Manufacturing Print Reading Power Systems Project Management Processes Rapid Prototyping (Mech/Elec/Fluid) Personnel Management Equipment/Tool Design Control Systems Human Behavior/Leadership Material Removal (Mech/Elec/Fluid) Labor Relations Fabrication Cutting Tool Design Packaging Systems Education & Training Hot and Cold Forming Work Holding Tool Design Automated

Conference Session

Use of Technology for Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Derrick Robinson, Virginia State University; Pallant Ramsundar, Virginia State University; Chandan B Samantaray, Virginia State University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

-0.4225 -0.5000 Figure 9. Calculation through the MATLAB software5. ConclusionsThe primary objective of this project was to analyze how well the grayscale thresholding methodcan evaluate porosity in a thermal barrier coating. It was found that the MATLAB software wasable to estimate porosity within about 0.5 %. The knowledge gained from this image processmethod should be able lead to a greater understanding, and eventually an increase in the lifecycle durability of the coating, and how porosity affects that durability too.6. Future worksA downside to this system is that the program takes significantly longer to analyze large images.The ideal solution to this problem would be to design the system in a way which breaks

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert L. Mott, University of Dayton; Ronald J. Bennett F.ASEE, F.ABET P.E., University of St. Thomas; Mark J. Stratton, SME; Mel Cossette, Edmonds Community College; Thomas G. Stoebe, University of Washington; Frank Zeh Cox, National Resource Center for Materials Tecnology Education

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

educational institutions and industry. He also is the Principal Investigator for Project TEAM: Tech-nician Education in Additive Manufacturing. He has served on numerous community based and collegeadvisory committees and has held faculty and administrative positions at several community and technicalcolleges in the areas of Career Development, Workforce Development, Industry Liaison, Internships andCooperative Education, and grant management. Page 24.789.2 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 INTEGRATION OF MATERIALS INSTRUCTION IN THE FIELD OF MANUFACTURINGAbstractThis

Conference Session

Teaching and Assessment Methodologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Juan Song, Alamo College

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Academy (ATMA), First Robotics, Pre-Freshman Engineering Program (PREP), Project Lead the Way (PLTW)  Must pass illegal drug test.The admission to the AMT program is highly competitive. All the candidates were firstcontacted via a telephone interview and qualified candidates were further followed up by onsiteinterview during campus visit. Finally, Finally 20 applicants were selected to be enrolled intothis current program started from Fall 2013.General Program InformationAs described earlier, the AMT program’s goal included: (1) educate students about advancedmanufacturing technologies needed in manufacturing field with cutting-edge curriculum; (2)educate students soft skills, including interpersonal, communication, and natural

Conference Session

Program and Curriculum Design Initiatives

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marilyn Barger P.E., FLATE (Florida Advanced Technological Education Center of Excellence); Richard Gilbert, University of South Florida; Marie A. Boyette, FLATE; Deshjuana Bagley

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Center of Excellence for Advanced Technological Education in Florida, FLATE. FLATE, now in its 10 year of op- eration, addresses curriculum, professional development, and outreach issues to support the creation of Florida’s technical workforce. Richard has over 30 years of experience working with the K-14 education community. Other funded efforts include projects for the NIH and the US Department of Education. The latter was for the development of an engineering curriculum for elementary school applications. The for- mer is for development of electric field mediated drug and gene applicators and protocols. This effort has generated over 20 patents and protocols currently in Phase II trials.Dr. Marie A. Boyette, FLATE

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne P. Hung, Texas A&M University; Adam Farmer, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

Spring 2013 Summer 2013 Summer 2013E: Strongly disagree Fall 2013 E: Too slow Fall 2013 (c) (d) Q5: Knowing the lab objectives, we Q6: Giving the same working time should improve: and project, I prefer: 0 10 20 30 40 50 0