Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Courses and Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth R. Leitch P.E., West Texas A&M University; Roy Jean Issa P.E., West Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering

credit hoursspecifically devoted to sustainability by implementing improvement to curricula, with a fewexamples described in the following Review section. These examples fall into two broadapproaches: 1) a multi-departmental approach involving engineering programs with technicalcommunication experts or 2) as an engineering program or engineering college only approach.ReviewMany engineering programs are incorporating elements of sustainability across theircoursework. Ahn, et. al (2008) and Cottrell and Cho (2009)5-6 provided a list of universitiesincorporating elements of sustainability into engineering curricula such as at the University ofColorado, the University of Florida, Pennsylvania State, Texas A&M, Texas Tech, and VirginiaTech. Lamar

Conference Session

Teaching Dynamics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew West, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Geoffrey L. Herman, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Mechanics

model was used to drive the reform of the course Introductory Dynamics. This course was redesigned to achieve three goals: (1) improve students’ low engagement and enthusiasm, (2) improve instructors’ experience and reduce their high workload, and (3) maintain and elevate the current standards for content. Introductory Dynamics is one of the core second-year mechanics courses in our engineering curriculum, serving approximately 800 students per year. Course revisions have led to the adoption of a spectrum of evidence-based practices such as context-rich, collaborative problem-solving sessions, and classroom response systems. These efforts have improved student satisfaction with the course and have

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences with Signal Processing and Controls

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chad Eric Davis P.E., University of Oklahoma; Anh Mai, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

. Students’ perceived value of the project is also explored.Additionally, details of the project are provided so that other universities looking to emphasizepractical application in their introductory controls course can replicate it. I. IntroductionThe most practical topic in most controls courses is the implementation of a PID controller. Forinstructors of control engineering classes that want to emphasize practical application, there aremany options for implementing PID control techniques into projects. The simplest way is tocreate a project where PID control is explored through simulation 1-3. With simulations, learningis somewhat limited because students are usually provided an oversimplified model and onlyasked to make slight modifications

Conference Session

Electrical Energy Courses - Labs and Projects

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho, Moscow; Brian K. Johnson, University of Idaho, Moscow; Clifford J. Chapman, University of Idaho

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Parameters, and Flux Analysis Settings. A description of each follows.Beginning with the S/M Physical Layout (Figure 1), compatible values for Slots and Pitch arepresented as the user specifies Poles, then Slots, then Pitch. This guides practical parameterspecification and provides immediate feedback when settings do not correlate. Additionally, AirGap distance is adjustable but only affects the way the rotor is drawn; no other values aredetermined from the Air Gap distance for this illustrative tool. Figure 1Electrical Parameter specification immediately follows to allow selection of start time and steptime per electrical phase angle advancement, phase sequence and frequency, sign convention,motor output

Conference Session

Gainful Employment: Preparing Technicians to Satisfy the Needs of Industry

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel M. Hull P.E., OP-TEC; Chrysanthos Andreas Panayiotou, Indian River State College

Tagged Divisions

Two Year College Division

Roboticsmerged with Manufacturing. Today, demand for these “system-oriented technicians” is high.The NSF/ATE National Center for Optics and Photonics Education (OP-TEC)1 recentlyconducted a survey of employers that revealed a need for ~800 new technicians per year for atleast the next five years.2 Using focus groups of photonics employers OP-TEC determined thatthe high degree of specialization (8-10 specialty courses in an AAS degree) is only required for~15% of the new photonics technicians; 85% of the need is for “Photonics SystemsTechnicians”, working in applications, where photonics is an “enabling technology” in manyfields. The definition of a PST was created from information in the employer focus groups. Photonics systems technicians (PSTs) work

Conference Session

Potpourri

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William J. Schell IV P.E., Montana State University; Paul J. Kauffmann P.E., East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

New Engineering Educators

two faculty members who each made the move after over fifteen years inindustry, one who is now early in that transition and the second moving toward full retirement.These experiences along with a review of literature, both on general career transitions and thoseinto education, are used to outline not only ideas on best practices for being successful in thetransition, but pitfalls and traps to be aware of and avoid. The specific goals of the article are to: (1) Provide an overview of the literature on the motivation for career change and explore the current research on the personal reasons for these transitions. In particular, examining specific types of positions and how they fit career changes into engineering education

Conference Session

Applications of Online Computing

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robin Fowler, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

student undergraduate engineering team discussions.There were four specific research questions. 1. How does communication modality affect total student participation? 2. How does communication modality affect the distribution of student participation? 3. How does communication modality affect participation of women, specifically? 4. How does communication modality affect participation of non-native-speakers of English, specifically? Page 24.1154.4MethodSite, Participants, and Project ContextSite. The study was conducted in the College of Engineering at a large, Midwestern University.The particular program

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pete Hylton, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Wendy Otoupal-Hylton, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

toMotorsports Engineering) and re-activation of one that had been in hiatus (Internal CombustionEngines), the program quickly gained momentum1. The three classes filled easily and there werenumerous volunteers after the announcement of a student project to build a racecar on campus.Within two years, the motorsports program had grown to the point that the classes were beingoffered as part of a Motorsports Technology Certificate. The racecar which was built as astudent project, shown in Figure 1, was actively and successfully competing in Sports Car Clubof America (SCCA) competition. Additionally, the School of Liberal Arts had recognized themomentum of the engineering program and created its own Motorsports Studies Certificate2 for

Conference Session

Software Engineering Constituent Committee Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert W. Hasker, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Yan Shi, University of Wisconsin - Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Software Engineering Constituent Committee

other errors. This supports using canned exercises to familiarize students with UML notation. We describe the tool and discuss its use in courses at the sophomore and junior levels. In each case, we report on the results of before and after tests, showing that there was significant improvement after using the tool.Software engineers are expected to be able to model software systems with diagrams.1, 14However, experience shows that teaching students to use this notation is surprisingly difficult, atleast in the case of the Unified Modeling Language (UML).3, 8, 19 The traditional method18, 19 forteaching diagram notation is to give students open-ended design problems and have the studentsuse the notation to design solutions. The

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences with Signal Processing and Controls

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean Jiang, Purdue University, North Central

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

equations.Since the calculus course is a prerequisite for the first DSP course or the combined ASP and DSPcourse, it is not necessary that we list it as an additional prerequisite.C. Software RequirementTo design, analyze, and simulate the DSP algorithms, MATLAB programming is required; thisrequirement was enforced in the previous signal processing course. In addition, MultiSIM can beused to verify different filter design.As a summary, the DSP course needs the prerequisites as listed below: 1. Analog signal processing 2. MATLAB programming and MultiSIM simulation.III. Course Content and the Associated Real-Time ProjectWe have divided the course content into two portions. First, the DSP fundamentals werecovered, such as the sampling theorem

Conference Session

Flipping ECE Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Micah Stickel, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

-yearcourse on electric and magnetic fields as part of a standard electrical and computer engineeringprogram at a major research-intensive university. This course takes an engineering approach tothe material, but is based upon rigorous vector calculus analysis. The major topics coveredwithin the course for both years were: 1) Electrostatic Source-Field Relationships: Coulomb’s law, Gauss’s law, and the relationship to electric potential, 2) Electric Properties of Materials: Resistance, Joule’s law, dielectrics and polarization, and electric boundary conditions, 3) Applications of Electric Fields: Capacitance and electrostatic potential energy, 4) Design using Electrostatic Fields: Poisson’s and Laplace’s

Conference Session

Leadership, Entrepreneurship and Ethics Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel F. Jennings PE, Texas A&M University; Bimal P. Nepal, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

EXI’s start-up, six-years ago, Kennethand Ronald agreed that (1) Ronald would manage EXI on a day -to-day basis and that Kennethwould be involved in “strategic decisions” (2) after achieving a series of mutually agreed uponmilestones, Ronald would receive a percentage ownership of EXI up to 49% and (3) once Ronaldachieved a 49% ownership of EXI, Kenneth would sell his 51% percent ownership portion of EXIto Ronald. However, at the time the ownership agreement was developed between Ronald andKenneth, nothing was specified on how much Ronald would pay Kenneth for Kenneth’s portionof the company, nor was any methodology agreed upon on how the value of Kenneth’sownership would be determined.EXI has a Board of Directors composed of five individuals

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ann Saterbak, Rice University; Maria Oden, Rice University; Amber Lee Muscarello; Matthew Wettergreen, Rice University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

educational needs of our nation’s technologically savvy students, a newcurriculum model has emerged that inverts the traditional instructor-centered, lecture-basedapproach. The flipped classroom or inverted instruction model shifts course content with lowcognitive load outside of the classroom, thus freeing class time for students to focus on highcognitive load tasks.1, 2 A defining characteristic of the flipped classroom is its commitment tomultimedia technology to deliver time-shifted content via screencasts, audio podcasts, and otherforms of rich media. Using technology to time-shift lectures outside the class is one tactic in acomprehensive instructional strategy, which typically also includes problem-based learning,project-based learning, and/or

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott A. Kuhl, Michigan Technological University; Robert Pastel, Michigan Technological University; Ryan George, Michigan Technological University; Chad M. Meyers, Michigan Technological University; Matthew L. Freitag, Michigan Technological University; Jacob M. Lund, Michigan Technological University; Michael Paul Stefaniak

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

-semester projects. Third, HGDshould provide an environment where student managers can manage their peers and find ways toresolve unforeseen problems. Fourth, we hope that innovative methods used in HGD might attractmore students interested in computer science, art, and entrepreneurism to Michigan Tech.A significant body of research suggests that integrating gaming programming and project-basedlearning into computer science curricula can capture student interest in computer science. For asummary of institutions which have attempted to integrate these ideas into curricula, see.1 Forexample, some2 have found that teams of students working collaboratively on game projects canpositively impact students’ attitudes about computer science, programming

Conference Session

Manufacturing Materials and Processes

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne P. Hung, Texas A&M University; Adam Farmer, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

. This traditional approach employs laboratory instructors withspecific expertise to manage each type of machines, requires a large floor space for multiplemachines, and is lack of interaction among students.The traditional laboratory approach provides hard-skills to students, while group-cell laboratoryapproach provides both hard-skills and soft-skills to the graduates. Group cell requires uniquemachines to fabricate similar products. Although it is more cost effective, group cell approachrequires lots of preparation and effective communication. The following table compares the twoapproaches.Table 1: Comparing laboratory approachesCriteria Traditional Laboratory Group-Cell LaboratoryEquipment Multiple numbers

Conference Session

Emerging Computing and Information Technologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles B. Owen, Michigan State University; Sarah Coburn, Michigan State University; Jordyn Castor

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

visual tools and environments. Most end-userdevelopment is for visual environments, from graphical user interfaces (GUIs) to web pages. Thetools of choice have become highly visual integrated development environments (IDE). Visualmodeling languages such as Unified Modeling Language (UML) are a major element of programunderstanding and design. All of these tools and methods are problematic for a blind student.This paper describes the challenges we faced as both the instructor and student as we adaptedtools, material, and assignments in an object-oriented programming course.1 IntroductionIn the fall of 2013, Jordyn, a co-author of this paper, enrolled in an intermediate-level course inobject-oriented programming and modern development

Conference Session

Curricular Issues in Computing and Information Technology Programs I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Francis Giraldeau, Polytechnique Montreal; Michel R. Dagenais, Ecole Polytechnique de Montreal; Hanifa Boucheneb, École Polytechnique de Montréal

Tagged Divisions

Computing & Information Technology

the effect ofrunning their own programs as part of a problem solving challenge. Participants can thus observethe duration of underlying system calls and the actual scheduling performed by the operatingsystem which is otherwise hidden. Experiments are proposed to compare the impact of designchoices and to lead to improved awareness of performance implications. We describe five problemsolving activities that we developed and expose the purpose of each tool used. In the context of thefirst semester of deployment, we evaluated the activities using a qualitative method. We conductedonline surveys and a focus group, and observed a high learning satisfaction level for students. Thisvalidates the proposed approach with a high level of confidence.1

Conference Session

Renewable Energy in Classroom

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Drexel University (Tech.); Richard Chiou, Drexel University (Eng. & Eng. Tech.); KETKI GHAISAS, Drexel University; Tzu-Liang Bill Tseng, University of Texas, El Paso

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

(implying various combinations of wind, solar, fuelcells and batteries). A module underway to be developed is one that can be considered as a guideon how to use renewable energy to secure a sustainable grid. The paper is also discussing thetechnical skills gained by students using the software HOMER package. Finally by usingHOMER students have exposure to non-technical engineering skills, such as economicfeasibility, logistic and decision on hybrid power systems. We are hoping the materials presentedherein can be used as the starting point for other instructors considering the use of HOMERpackage as teaching help, design and analysis tool in renewable energy courses.1. IntroductionDue to the adverse effects of pollution from fossil fuel-based power

Conference Session

Computer Hardware

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne W. Walter, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE); Timothy G. Southerton, RIT Mechanical Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

,the course gets started with three one hour lectures, with examples, on the basics ofArduino programming. These three lectures can be broken down as follows:1.) Getting Started with Arduino - Outlines basics of Arduino hardware, software, and robotics programming2.) Arduino Programming Language - Details sketch structure, programming syntax notes, and pin functionality3.) Starting Arduino Examples - Demonstrates integrated analog and digital writing and reading examplesTeams of two are formed, which stay together for both the lab exercises and the project.These can be self-formed by the students or assigned as they would be in industry.Beginning week 2, each week of classes for the next 8 weeks consists of two one

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Nelson, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Engineering Economy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gillian M. Nicholls, University of Alabama, Huntsville; Neal A Lewis, University of Bridgeport; Ted Eschenbach P.E., University of Alaska Anchorage

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy

. A student that struggles with these concepts is atan increasing disadvantage as the course progresses and new material builds upon these concepts.A student that is less skillful at parsing word problems is further disadvantaged.Success and progress through the engineering economy and other time value of money courses isthe focus of this paper. However many of our points are also relevant to the larger problem ofthe efficient progression of engineering students through the STEM pipeline which is of greatimportance to educators. The supply and quantity of STEM graduates has a direct impact on thecompetitiveness of a nation 1. Students that perform poorly in a course or must repeat it are at agreater risk of dropping off the STEM track and may

Conference Session

Innovative Assessment Techniques in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Michael Dulaski P.E., Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

grading rubric was not provided for you, instead, you had to rely on what you thought an effective rubric would be. Was this approach helpful?  Would you recommend providing a rubric in the future?The survey was distributed via email to 39 students from three of the most recentcapstone classes (i.e., 2011, 2012, 2013). Out of the 36 possible participants (old emailaddresses), 12 responded (response rate = 33%). Based on the results, the studentsappreciated the opportunity for peer review and most (75%) of them found the process tobe more helpful than stressful (Figure 1). Only three of the respondents thought thatassigning grades was stressful – of the three, one said that he/she did not have anappreciation for the other students’ work

Conference Session

Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Homero Gregorio Murzi, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

problem solvers, creative thinkers, and able to work effectively in groups [1].Research done by Seely [2] and the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE)[3] assert that improving teaching practices is necessary to help students develop thoseskills. The authors emphasize the importance of collaborative teaching strategies in thedevelopment of future engineers. Similarly, a report from the Executive Office of thePresident’s Council of Advisors on Science and Technology [4] recommended theincorporation of active learning in engineering education. Several authors havedemonstrated the benefits of active learning over lecture to improve students’ learning andretention, but it has not yet been proven that active learning promotes creative

Conference Session

Teaching and Assessment Methodologies

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Austin Creasy, Purdue University (Statewide Technology); Nicole Otte, Central Nine Career Center

Tagged Divisions

Manufacturing

details of the class and the successes of this partnership.IntroductionIn southeastern Indiana, manufacturing is one of the dominant economic activities. About 30percent of the overall workforce works directly for a manufacturing company.1 According to theEconomic Opportunities through Education by 2015 (EcO15), this workforce is not sufficientlytrained to meet the needs of the manufacturers.1 To meet these needs, community educationleaders, industry, and academia have partnered together in order to assist the workforce and thefuture workforce meet these needs. Part of this partnership has been to assist all of the secondaryschools within the southeastern region of Indiana offer Project Lead the Way (PLTW) courses.These classes are being used to

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Education Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Joseph, Pace University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

both graduate and undergraduatestudents was 3.20 with the undergraduate average rating being 3.08 and the graduate averagerating being 3.31. A rating of 3 represents the following: We have mostly resolved but not allaspects of this factor.On the pre- and post-SALG surveys 39, there were 18 common Likert scale items. The scaleanswer options on the pre-survey were in the range of not applicable, not at all, just a little,somewhat, a lot, and a great deal. The overall number of students’ responses on the pre-surveywas 216 with 92% reporting somewhat to a great deal (see Table 1). Moreover, an overall 27%of student pre-survey responses indicated that they had a great deal of understanding, skills,attitudes, and abilities to integrate learning

Conference Session

Capstone Design

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

campus and post-graduation.ContextPracticing engineers and technical professionals have design experience that goes beyondtechnical design that include6: design priorities including proper design tools and methods;economic analysis; importance of non-technical issues involving marketability, legal issues,codes and standards, product safety, environmental issues, etc.; and, design reviews. Designreviews are recognized to have two objectives, 1) identify deficiencies or problems with thepresented design, and 2) improve the design6. Page 24.1178.2 In industry, design reviews are used to avoid expensive change-orders by having sponsors,champions or

Conference Session

Best of Computers in Education Division

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David B. Knight, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Cory Brozina, Virginia Tech; Steven Culver, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Computers in Education

strategies.Conceptual Framework and Literature ReviewLattuca and Stark (2009)4 developed The Academic Plan Model to illuminate the influences oncurricular design and ultimately students’ educational outcomes (see Figure 1). Intended toinform research and practice in higher education, the model builds on foundational works5,6,7 andincorporates a thorough consideration of factors influencing curricular activities at the course,program, and institutional levels. The model is heuristic in nature; rather than specifying auniversal set of factors that will operate in all postsecondary settings and circumstances, itprovides examples of potentially relevant factors to alert researchers to the kinds of influencesthat might be salient for the faculty and curriculum

Conference Session

Addressing the NGSS, Part 2 of 3: Supporting K-12 Science Teachers in Engineering Pedagogy and Engineering-Science Connections, Part 2 of 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeremy V. Ernst, Virginia Tech; Laura J. Segedin, Virginia Tech; Aaron C. Clark, North Carolina State University; Vincent William DeLuca, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

implementation and instructional practice, as defined byNational Board for Professional Teaching Standards (NBPTS), in support of quality classroomindicators for the promotion of student learning. Randomly selected middle school and highschool technology, engineering, and design educators in five states (IL, KY, OH, NC, and VA)served as participants by: 1) completing the T2I2 online professional development materials, 2)submitting artifacts/evidences of practice, 3) administering a student STEM pre-assessment, 4)implementing a single consistent unit of instruction, 5) administering a student STEM post-assessment. Pilot Year 1 (2012-2013 academic year) teacher outcome data, as measured byNBPTS criterion referenced metrics, is analyzed and reported in

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Miller, Michigan Technological University; Sheryl A. Sorby, Ohio State University; Apurva Anil Kambale, Michigan Technological University; Megan Farrish, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Topics

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Tagged Divisions

Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

instrument.Data CollectionFigure 1 shows what type of data has been collected over four semesters. Student participantstook two computer modules: a learning styles module and a motivation module. The Self-Directed Learning Readiness Survey (SDLRS)1 was taken pre and post as a measure of theimpact of the modules. In the first semester of data collection—Spring 2012—many participantsfailed to complete both the pre and post SDLRS. Thus, for subsequent semesters, participantshave been randomly assigned to take the SDLRS either before or after taking the modules. Fall 2012, Spring 2013, Fall 2013 Spring 2012 Figure 1: Data collection scheme in 2nd year manufacturing class and 3rd year design processes

Conference Session

Engineering Libraries Division Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University ; Mir M. Atiqullah, Kennesaw State University; Rajnish Singh, Southern Polytechnic State University; Beth Stutzmann, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Libraries

among others. Members are interested andinvolved with the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning (SoTL). RLC meetings are held on amonthly basis where topics of interest and discussions regarding ongoing research projectsoccur.The topic of ebooks evolved during meetings of the RLC. For the purpose of this studyterminology clarification of an ebook is “An electronic book (variations: e-book, eBook, e-Book,ebook, digital book, or even e-edition) is a book-length publication in digital form, consisting oftext, images, or both, readable on computers or other electronic devices” [1]. As part of thisstudy, various textbook options were explored that were available and student book buyingpatterns were studied. Ebooks emerged as a relatively new aspect