Conference Session

Design Cognition I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Crehan, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick; Donal Canty, University of Limerick; Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

. Page 25.343.2IntroductionDesign based Technology Education is designed to provide students with greater levels ofautonomy, increased problem solving skills and creativity combined with the opportunity tocritically reflect on their own learning3. The importance of Design based TechnologyEducation lies in its educational goals4. These goals are designed to equip students with a setof transferable skills, which will enable them to adapt to the technological and societal needsof the future. The goals of technology education must however look past the need to preparestudents for a particular profession, and look to develop students who are technologicallyliterate1. In the Irish context, the National Council for Curriculum and Assessment (NCCA)state

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gene Dixon, East Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

primarily assessment of the design report. There appears to be a variety ofapproaches to developing the capstone student’s ability to craft a quality statement of the projectproblem. There are few specifics that are not quite as clear as to what should or should not beincluded in the problem statement and what is found reflects the preferred design process orprogrammatic requirements. To some extent, it appears that capstone instructors/coordinatorstake refuge in the approach that what is a thorough problem statement depends on the projectitself. This paper describes findings from a qualitative exploration of problem statements andproblem statement assessments and evaluations directed at determining what characteristics arevalued in developing a

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark Schar, Stanford University; Micah Lande, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

) include: Passion for Customers, Trust and Respect forIndividuals, We Effectively Collaborate, Meaningful Innovation, Uncompromising Integrity. 5This broad ranging description of success reflects an understanding of the process of innovationthat extends well beyond the initial work of invention. Additional examples of engineers turned“product managers” are plentiful, including Bob Galvin of Motorola, Bill Gates of Microsoft andmost recently Sergey Brin and Larry Page of Google. However, workplace success for the “engineer-and-business manager” is far fromassured. The work of product management involves many skills not always taught within astandard engineering curriculum. Learning beyond post-secondary education is often a ”sink orswim

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Kristine Sheridan, University of Toronto; Greg Evans, University of Toronto; Doug Reeve, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

tool aims to provide students with asafe, virtual environment in which they can: i) learn about their team effectiveness and teamissues, and ii) practice methods to improve on identified areas of weakness before trying themwith their teammates. This on-line tool will serve as a one-stop, on-line portal through whichstudents can access self-reflections and feedback from peer-assessments across different projectteams and track their improvement across different years of their degree. A description of theproposed tool design is provided herein.2. Pedagogical Foundations of the ToolAs discussed above, a student-centred and personalized approach is required to teach team-effectiveness due to the range of student proficiencies. Given the focus of

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael S. Trevisan, Washington State University; Denny C. Davis, Washington State University; Steven W. Beyerlein, University of Idaho, Moscow; Jay Patrick McCormack, University of Idaho; Phillip L. Thompson, Seattle University; Paul R. Leiffer, LeTourneau University; Howard P. Davis, Washington State University; Susannah Howe, Smith College; Jennifer E. LeBeau, Washington State University; Robert E. Gerlick, Pittsburg State University; Patricia Brackin, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; M. Javed Khan, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

knowledge, skills, and behaviors needed by engineering graduates to succeed in arapidly changing world? Industry has presented its lists of desired attributes.4 The NationalAcademy of Engineering has defined attributes needed by the engineer of 2020.5 Notable amongdesired abilities are to: communicate effectively across disciplines and cultures, collaborate tocreate practical and innovative solutions, anticipate and adapt to change, and learn fromexperience.6, 7 We must teach students to learn from and innovate amid engineering design andproblem-solving challenges and to use reflection to make new discoveries, gain deeperunderstanding of problems, and find better solutions.8Engineering design courses provide opportunities to develop many important

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julia Ellen Melkers, Geogia Institute of Technology; Agrita Kiopa, Georgia Institute of Technology; Randal T. Abler, Georgia Institute of Technology; Edward J. Coyle, Georgia Institute of Technology; Joseph M. Ernst, Purdue University; James V. Krogmeier, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Amos Johnson, Morehouse College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

will report%"#"! " # $ "%higher levels of learning outcomes. Therefore we hypothesize:H2: Those students who actively seek out advice and problem-solving help from their peers will reporthigher learning on a range of learning outcomes than those who do not.Yet, within a student group, there may be variations in confidence and intellectual maturity. For example,junior students are likely to believe in the certainty of knowledge and omniscience of authority, whereasmore senior students have learned to recognize the contextual nature of knowledge and to gather and useappropriate evidence to support their judgments, as well to question their judgments in the light of theavailable evidence [15]. This variation reflects, for example, empirically

Conference Session

Design Cognition III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leema Kuhn Berland, University of Texas, Austin; David T. Allen, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Cheryl Farmer, UTeachEngineering; Lisa Guerra, NASA Headquarters

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

utilized throughout theyearlong course. In keeping with the National Research Council’s13synthesis of theresearch on K-12 engineering education research, we chose to focus on STEM-design Page 25.884.4challenges. This decision reflects our commitment both to apply relevant math andscience concepts and to enable students to engage in core engineering practices.By organizing units around STEM-design challenges, we are indicating that allchallenges will require students to design a product and purposefully apply relevant mathand science concepts. The outcome of this design work can vary according to theengineering domain being emphasized in each unit. For

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lisa Guerra, NASA; David T. Allen, University of Texas, Austin; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Cheryl Farmer, UTeachEngineering

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

specificfeedback on the Figure 1 engineering design process, the UTeachEngineering teamdecided to rethink the communication of this critical engineering practice.Figure 1 — Original Engineering Design Process Used for In-Service Teacher Page 25.118.4Professional Development.MethodologyRather than edit the existing engineering design process graphic or start with a cleansheet, the UTeachEngineering team initiated a benchmarking exercise. A selection ofeleven unique cross-disciplinary representations was selected to reflect the engineeringdesign process in professional, post-secondary and K-12 settings. Each representationconsisted of the specific steps in the process

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sharad Vimal Oberoi, Carnegie Mellon University; Susan Finger, National Science Foundation

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the project progressed. He deduced from these findings that theexpansion was because student teams were exploring (brainstorming) a variety of design optionsin the research literature. The contraction, on the other hand, happened as the teams refined the Page 25.1369.6structure of the artifact and the approaches needed to formalize them, and started using sharedvocabulary. According to his study, if the number of distinct noun phrases used by teamscontracts as the project progresses, it reflects that the project is being executed successfully.ApproachThe project archive of discussion posts and attachments of the class were converted to text

Conference Session

Design Cognition II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vimal Kumar Viswanathan, Texas A&M University; Nicole Elise Esposito; Julie S. Linsey, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

engineering curriculum. They Page 25.1372.2argue for the “reflect-in-action” plan where students build their designs and understand the flawsin them, themselves7, 8. However, there are no clear guidelines available regarding the use ofphysical models and their cognitive implications in engineering education.This study addresses the cognitive effects of the use of various kinds of examples and physicalmodels on engineering students who design a stunt vehicle as a part of their class project. Thestudents are divided into three groups and given three different kinds of examples: a good one, apoor one and a poor one with warnings about its negative

Conference Session

Design Cognition III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Wright, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

graduate skills highlight a number of deficiencies in the preparation ofstudents for professional careers. Among the most commonly noted gaps between expectations andactual skills are • the ability to understand software systems as different than single-user programs; 6,51 • the ability to visualize different perspectives or views on a software system; 10,11 • the ability to think critically and reflectively; 31,38 • systems analysis and design skills; 6,31,51 and • problem-solving and investigative skills. 6,10,11,31 As more and more of our world becomes dependent upon computer-based systems, futuresoftware developers and designers must develop effective decision-making skills and strategies inaddition to the technical knowledge they

Conference Session

Design Cognition I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jason A. Foster, University of Toronto; Patricia Kristine Sheridan, University of Toronto; Robert Irish, University of Toronto; Geoffrey Samuel Frost, University of Toronto

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Battle Studio 02 Studio 03 (Lambs to the Slaughter) Your entire team arrived promptly with at least one sacrificial device (that met the requirements given in class and in the lecture notes) and with a plan of attack to ensure efficiency and effectiveness. You had reflected on the previous studio and on the lectures, and had used those reflections to prepare for this studio

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yosef S. Allam, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach; Clifford A. Whitfield, Ohio State University; Jintana Nina Phanthanousy, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

experience at a level at which they are capable with supportstructure provided by instructional staff that students may apply and reflect upon with theirteammates and classmates. The layers and learning activities that exist within a term-lengthproject-based learning environment also present adequate opportunities to address learningobjectives at many levels5. Scaffolding does not have to be comprised solely of direct instructorinteraction; in the cornerstone laboratory, scaffolding may take the form of texts, handouts,guides, diagrams, slides, notes, kitted equipment, a controlled work or laboratory environment,prepared data collection tools and equipment, prescribed, limited analysis tools and approaches,an introductory setting with instructor

Conference Session

Design Cognition II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cyrus Habibi P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato; Ronald R. Ulseth, Itasca Community College

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

well as teachesstudents professional skills and technical content 5,14. These professional skills include:communication (written, verbal, presentation), organization and time management, research andinquiry, self-assessment and reflection, group participation and leadership skills 14,15.With guidance from some of the most respected leaders in engineering education, a new model,Iron Range Engineering (IRE), has been developed to utilize industry-based PBL for design,outcome-based assessment, just-in-time interventions, self-directed learning, and emphasis onreflection 16. This new model for engineering education has been funded and began delivery inJanuary 2010. This model is a complete PBL program in which students work with industry ondesign

Conference Session

Capstone Design I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter W. Schilling Jr., Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

within this environment. Class sizes must be small, or else it is possible for anindividual’s contribution to be lost to the team atmosphere. Even with small class sizes, asidefrom an exit survey, it can be difficult to assess the design skill of any given student.Design Outcome DistinctionTrue design requires open ended problem solvers, exhibiting the following attributes8,9:  Are willing to spend time reading, gathering information, and defining the problem.  Uses processes, as well as a variety of tactics and heuristics to tackle problems  Monitor their problem solving process and reflect upon its effectiveness  Emphasize accuracy rather than speed  Write down ideas and create charts / figures, while solving a problem  Are

Conference Session

Design Across Disciplines

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith G. Sheppard, Stevens Institute of Technology; John Nastasi, Stevens Institute of Technology; Eirik Hole, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

engineering from the University of Stuttgart, Germany, in 1995. Page 25.88.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 A Pilot for Multidisciplinary Capstone Design incorporating a Systems Engineering FrameworkSynopsisIn this paper we discuss a pilot project to develop an approach to multidisciplinary capstonedesign that incorporates a systems engineering (SE) framework which can be a model for broadimplementation. It is a reflection of the growing demand for engineers educated to recognize theoverarching significance of systems engineering approaches for the

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kristin L. Wood, University of Texas, Austin; Rajesh Elara Mohan, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Sawako Kaijima, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Stylianos Dritsas, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Daniel D. Frey, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Christina Kay White, University of Texas, Austin; Daniel D. Jensen, U.S. Air Force Academy; Richard H. Crawford, University of Texas, Austin; Diana Moreno, Singapore University of Technology and Design; Kin-Leong Pey, Singapore University of Technology and Design

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

activities thatwill proceed completely around this cycle, providing the maximum opportunity for full comprehension.This model has been used extensively to evaluate and enhance engineering teaching. The designiettesmay be designed to provide learning experiences in the Kolb cycle that are not well met with traditionalcourse instruction. Specifically, each designiette may be based on actual engineering and need-basedproblems. This provides the “Concrete Experience” part of the cycle in a similar manner as a case study.The “Reflective Observation” part of the cycle is accomplished by asking questions throughout thedesigniette which may be designed to encourage the students to reflect on the innovation history,processes, problem, ideas, and / or

Conference Session

Design Across Disciplines

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael A. Gennert, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Taskin Padir, Worcester Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

2 ECE 2 MEGrade Distribution: The number of students receiving A grades in their project work was foundto be 79%. The percentage of B grades was 14% and the number of C grades was 7%. This gradedistribution appears to indicate grade inflation. The large number of A’s relative to the number ofB and C’s is related to the number of projects that were judged to be worth 1 unit (9 credit hours)per student. In this review, it was determined that 29% of the projects completed weremarginally worth 1 unit or did not worth 1 unit at all. However, It must be emphasized that an Agrade should reflect one unit of excellent work by the student, a B grade should reflect one unitof

Conference Session

The Best of Design in Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven C. Zemke, Gonzaga University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

emphasized learning about their product they were designing, ratherthan learning about the process of design. This bias was typical of most entries. The studentsalso had reflective thoughts about the design process in general, though fewer. What I really learned was that something that is made on SolidWorks® isn't always going to come out exactly right from the computer to [the] physical model. Being able to identify aspects of a design problem that might slip through the cracks before going to prototype or solution implementation is a tremendously handy skill to have….When the students began the redesign for the second design-proto cycle, they had to choose howmuch to redesign. Comments about how much to redesign were

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Constans, Rowan University; Jennifer Kadlowec, Rowan University; Krishan Kumar Bhatia, Rowan University; Hong Zhang, Rowan University; Tom Merrill, Rowan University; Bonnie Angelone, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

knowledge retention. Page 25.814.2 2. A large-scale design project requiring tools from many courses improves student problem-solving and design skills.By integrating five semesters of the mechanical engineering curriculum into a cohesive whole,this project has the potential to transform the way undergraduate education is delivered. Beforeand after testing will be conducted to assess a) change in retention between courses and b)change in student problem-solving and design skills.BackgroundMany sources have made the case for reforming engineering education to reflect modern trends.Most notably, a recent National Academy of Engineering (NAE

Conference Session

Design Cognition I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Rowsome, University of Limerick; Niall Seery, University of Limerick; Seamus Gordon, University of Limerick; Diarmaid Lane, University of Limerick

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

of specific manufacturing skills and knowledge aboutspecific materials and the properties of such materials are fundamental topics in the syllabus.The skills employed cover the broad range of decorative metalwork skills as outlined in theJunior Cycle Metalwork syllabus [15]. This includes such processes as hot and cold forming ofmetals, i.e. scrolling and twisting, hollowing, planishing, etc. The transfer activities aredescribed in Figure 1.Conducting ActivitiesThe transfer activities were set up to reflect Kolb’s theoretical learning cycle where studentsobserved a demonstration of a skill (concrete experience), reviewed technical details(reflective observation), transferred information into a new design idea (abstractconceptualisation) and

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Cozzens, Southern Utah University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

process”. In this research the product is web-based CAD curriculum. Action Research isspecific to education and learning, this research is also specific to education and learningusing web-based technology and applying to CAD curriculum. Even though Action Researchis often mentioned as lacking a distinct theoretical base it is a powerful tool in stimulatingsocial change and exploring how to change a situation or practice. Eileen Ferrance (Ferrance2000) definition of Action Research is, “It is a reflective process that allows for inquiry anddiscussion as components of the “research.” Often, action research is a collaborative activityamong colleagues searching for solutions to everyday, real problems experienced in schools,or looking for ways to

Conference Session

Capstone Design II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yuyi Lin P.E., University of Missouri; Xiuting Wei, Shandong University of Technology; Lanmei Wang, Shandong University of Technology; Yanfei Zhang, Shandong University of Technology; Wenqiang Yu P.E., Shandong University of Technology; Yufeng Sun, Shandong University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

countries. Capstone design is a good startingplace for faculty collaboration and synchronization, because it reflects and assembles allthe features of the curricula in different educational systems across a large number ofcountries.The authors have many years of combined teaching experience in two differenteducational systems and have launched collaborative and synchronous teaching of acapstone design course in the United States and China since 2010. The same designtopics have been offered to student teams in the two collaborating schools. Based on thestudents’ learning experience and performance in the finished projects, the majordifferences in the two systems are significant. For example, American students putmore effort into creativity, team

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Jacquelyn Kay Nagel, James Madison University; Eric C Pappas, James Madison University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

work to reiterate on the conceptual phase of the design processbefore prototyping, testing, and refining a design for the client. The project culminates with thestudents demonstrating their final product to the client, the client’s family, the University, andthe local community. Knowing that they will have this public demonstration day seems tomotivate the students to succeed.Our engineering program is currently in its fourth year, and the sophomore engineering designsequence is currently in its third run. In this paper, we will reflect on the lessons learned as wehave taught these two courses. A mixed-methods approach, which includes surveys andquestionnaires, was used to collect data related to project learning goals, program

Conference Session

Design Spine

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey L. Schiano, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

2016.Design Sequence ArchitectureAs a starting point for achieving the three objectives stated earlier, the undergraduate committeebegan by reviewing the design component of the curriculum at peer Electrical EngineeringDepartments with similar size and ranking. Our senior capstone design course was organizedalong the same lines as many other departments, and reflects ABET criteria. In addition togeneral lectures concerning professional engineering topics, there are weekly laboratory sections.In self-defined project sections, students first complete predefined laboratory assignments duringthe first half of the semester before beginning a self-defined project approved by their instructor.In other sections, student teams select a major design

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Trivett, University of Prince Edward Island; Stephen Champion, University of Prince Edward Island

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

notrequired that they actually submit the solutions to Innocentive, but most do so as well. A rubricused to grade the submitted assignments is shown in Table 2. The rubric clearly is orientedtowards the graphics and communication aspects of the design project, reflecting the intendedlearning outcomes of the introductory course.DiscussionThe Engineering program at UPEI is very small, and currently only serves the first two yearstowards a degree program that is ultimately completed at Dalhousie University through a long-standing transfer relationship. Students have historically had an excellent track record for beingpractical, and able to excel in capstone design projects after transfer. With a first-year intake ofonly 55 students, our student numbers

Conference Session

Design Cognition III

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean-Celeste M. Kampe, Michigan Technological University; Douglas E. Oppliger, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

the secondary students.Deeper learning is promoted by the formal reflective activities built into the HSE programthrough these poster and presentation requirements because these activities promotemetacognitive gains. They offer opportunities for both coaches and students to assess theirprogress in terms of the larger picture of a long-term project instead of just day to day gains;that is, they impose divergent thinking. Additionally, the Expo campus visit has the criticallyimportant function of making the university accessible to the secondary students. From the artifacts created for spring Expo, we see trends toward an improved abilityof students to communicate technical information and an improved understanding of the

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology I

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Loren Christian, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Seda McKIlligan, Iowa State University; Colleen M. Seifert, University of Michigan; Richard Gonzalez, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

in an introductory engineering course? Page 25.394.5Our study was not comparative; instead, our goal was to identify how using the heuristics inthese two different scenarios guided the ideation processes of engineering students, and how themethod of heuristic use was reflected in the design outcomes.ParticipantsWe collected data from two sections of a single introductory engineering course at a largeMidwestern university. This semester-long course introduces engineering students to designprocesses through a team design project. The projects in each section were different. We selectedprotocols from five participants from each section

Conference Session

Teams and Teamwork in Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natasha Perova, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Sean P. Brophy, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ruth A. Streveler, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

reflective ofdifferent beliefs about technology tools by team members. As mentioned earlier, thecultural beliefs dimension from the Social Infrastructure framework refers to the“mindset that shapes the way of life of the classroom” and according to Bielaczyc suchbeliefs “influence how a technology-based tool is perceived and used.” From the resultsof our pilot study, we can only infer about students beliefs about the purpose of wikitechnology from Internet Usage survey (see Table 1-1) that shows results of studentexperiences in personal and academic settings with web 2.0 tools. Our preliminaryanalysis of the results pointed to interesting findings, such as that social mediatechnology is not actively used in the academic environment. For example

Conference Session

Design Tools and Methodology II

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathan Delson, University of California, San Diego; Mark Anderson, University of California, San Diego

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

reflect an increase in the turntableweight. Students are expected to generate similar comparisons as part of their technical report.Figure 2a Measured Turntable Position from Step InputFigure 2b Simulated Turntable Position from Step Input Page 25.1013.5Turntable OptimizationGoals of optimization are motivated by a themed competition. Teams of four students areestablished by combining two of the paired turntable teams. The result is a four-person team thathas two turntables to work with. At this point, additional construction materials are provided,including geared DC motors and additional acrylic material. A shopping cart is also provided,allowing