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Displaying results 301 - 330 of 420 in total
Conference Session
Circuits and Systems Education 2
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shiny Abraham, Tuskegee University; Naga Korivi, Tuskegee University
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
Discovery for a „Design-your-own-circuit‟ experiment. Student teams are asked to design their own circuits based on certain constraints such as the minimum number of voltage sources, meshes, supernodes, target mesh currents and node voltages, AC voltage dividers, filters etc. Teams then build and analyze their circuits, record measurements, discuss observations and write a technical report. In addition to acquiring design skills, students acquire problem-solving, team-building, and technical communication skills.Evaluation and AssessmentThe authors evaluated and assessed this integration over the course of two semesters Spring 2014and Fall 2014. a) Formative assessment: Since formative assessment takes place during the learning
Conference Session
Computers in Education Engineering Division Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Debarati Basu, Virginia Tech; John Stanton Goldstein Purviance, Virginia Tech ; Darren K Maczka, Virginia Tech; Daniel S Brogan, VIrginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
engineering at VT since 2007. This site has 66 alumni from all over the United States to date. He collaborated with his colleagues to implement a study abroad Page 26.1767.1 project (2007-12), funded under the US-Brazil Higher Education Program of the U.S. Department of Edu- cation, at VT. He has published over 70 papers in peer-reviewed journals and conferences. He has advised 5 PhD and 10 MS students to completion and is advising 5 PhD and 1 MS students currently. In 2011, he was awarded the American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) International Division’s Global c American
Conference Session
Evaluation: Diversity in K-12 and Pre-college Engineering Education
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Margaret Baguio, University of Texas at Austin; Wallace T. Fowler P.E., University of Texas, Austin; Susana Ramirez, PSJA ISD; Judit Györgyey Ries, The University of Texas
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
K-12 & Pre-College Engineering
in Science" camps (survey respondents ranged from 8 to 32 per camp with median = 21); • 9 "Solar System Adventures" camps (survey respondents ranged from 13 to 25 per camp with median=19); • 7 "Engineering" camps (survey respondents ranged from 12 to 25 per camp with median =23); Page 26.9.7 • 1 "Robotics" camp (survey respondents were 15 girls); and • 7 "Rocketry" camps (survey respondents ranged from 9 to 28 per camp with median =21). NASA Theme Activities Students Identified As Their "Favorite”Camp Name Number writing a description Number of different Most popular
Conference Session
Design Pedagogy
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Elissa T. Morris, Texas A&M University; Daniel A. McAdams, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
observe 21. Students are told to write down their observations and share their thoughts withthe class. Because no wrong answer exists, all plausible observations are respected. However,students are encouraged to critique the observations of their peers and propose alternativesolutions based on the class discussion. The professor does not lecture on the topic. Instead, thestudents are the main contributors to learning while the professor gently guides the investigativeclass discussion following a prepared script. A lesson script example can be seen in 21. Asstudents begin to ask more questions, a more detailed analysis is achieved. While this particularexample is focused on biology, the inquiry-based learning module can be modified to address
Conference Session
Potpourri
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Chaomin Luo, University of Detroit Mercy
Tagged Divisions
Computing & Information Technology
ideas with peers, instructors, and computer administrators. Students discover that this team-based project with training interpersonal skills provides students with more communication opportunities. There are plenty of team meetings, in which students discuss a variety of algorithm development, software design and system integration aspects of this project. Students realize that this student-centered, research-featured, team-interactive and instructor-facilitated learning atmosphere is remarkably helpful for engineering leaning experience of student research. Students recognize that this multi-stage project encourages their full involvement to conduct
Conference Session
Problem- Project- and Case-based Learning in Environmental Engineering
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Paula Ann Monaco, Texas Tech University; Maeghan Marie Brundrett, Texas Tech University; Dylan Christenson, Texas Tech University; Kevin A. Nguyen, Texas Tech University; Audra N. Morse, Texas Tech University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Environmental Engineering
students with deadlines allowing for development ofstudent project and time management skills. Peer and self evaluations were due at the end of thesemester providing students with the opportunity to assess how they perceived each groupmember performed throughout the course. Group evaluations focused on teamwork and groupcommunication during the semester.Project updates were given by student teams bimonthly, totaling six updates, throughout thesemester allowing students the opportunity to develop their oral skills. Project updates were fiveminute presentations covering the team’s progress and the next tasks the teams would addressregarding the proposed upgrades to the WWTP. Project updates were given to faculty membersin a conference room setting
Conference Session
Identity and Engineering: ERM Roundtable
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Gerhard Sonnert, Science Education Department, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics; Philip Michael Sadler, Harvard Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
DiscussionSignificant differences were found in male and female engineering students’ indicated out-of-school interests or experiences during grades 9-12 of high school (Table 2). More male studentsreported tinkering with mechanical or electrical devices, reading or watching science fiction,playing computer/video games, and writing computer programs or designing web pages. Morefemale students reported interacting with the natural world and participating in sciencegroups/clubs/camps. There were no significant differences by gender in engaging withchemistry, taking care of animals, participating in science/math competitions, reading orwatching non-fiction science, and talking with friends or family about science. Many math andscience competitions or programs
Conference Session
Measurement and Instrumentation
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Claudia Elena Vergara, Michigan State University; Michael Cavanaugh, Michigan State University; Subashini Nagendran Sivakumar, Michigan State University; Daina Briedis, Michigan State University; Thomas David Dionise, Michigan State University; Abdol-Hossein Esfahanian, Michigan State University; Jon Sticklen, Michigan Technological University; Mark Urban-Lurain, Michigan State University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
. Algorithmic Thinking & Programming Appropriate documentation of the design and use of high level Use top-down design, and refinement to descriptions of the solution before writing code (e.g use of develop algorithms flowcharts). Selection of computational tools (e.g., Selection of the most appropriate computational tool to implement programming language, software the best solution. functions or features). Limitations of Information Technology Estimating of inputs and outputs Estimating of
Conference Session
Survey and Assessment Development
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jessica Menold Menold, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Kathryn W. Jablokow, Pennsylvania State University, Great Valley; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Daniel Michael Ferguson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Purdue Universities and a member of Tau Beta Pi.Dr. Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Paper ID #11853Matthew W. Ohland is Professor of Engineering Education at Purdue University. He has degrees fromSwarthmore College, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and the University of Florida. His research on thelongitudinal study of engineering students, team assignment, peer evaluation, and active and collaborativeteaching methods has been supported by over $14.5 million from the National Science Foundation andthe Sloan Foundation and his team received Best Paper awards from the
Conference Session
Software and Programming
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Krista M. Hill, University of Hartford; Ying Yu, University of Hartford
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Computers in Education
involve small system design, signal processing, and intelligent instrumentation.Dr. Ying Yu, University of Hartford Dr. Ying Yu received her B.Eng. from Fudan University, Shanghai, China, in 2000. She received her M.S. and Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Brown University, R.I., USA, in 2003 and 2007, respec- tively. Currently, she is teaching as an associate professor of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Hartford. Her current research interests are audio and speech signal processing, acoustic scene classification, speaker identification and verification, promoting diversity and inclusion in the academic environment, and teaching with new educational methods, including peer
Conference Session
Hands-on Active Learning
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Aurenice Menezes Oliveira, Michigan Technological University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Technology
)Students pair with one designed as the explainer and the other as the questioner. The explainersoutline the assignment goal (solve case studies, complex problems, or interpret text) and thenbegin detailed descriptions of how they should work on the assignment. The questioners listenand can also ask questions. At a given point, the students reverse roles and the process continuesuntil the assignment is concluded.16 Page 26.1372.4ii. Think-Pair-ShareThe instructor poses a problem and has the students think about it individually for a short time.The thinking time can also be used to write the response. The students then form pairs and sharetheir
Conference Session
Pipeline and Performance in BME Education
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Dianne Grayce Hendricks, University of Washington; Lucy L. Pick, University of Washington; Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of Washington
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Biomedical
guest instructors duringlunch. As a culminating end-of-camp activity, students worked in teams to design solutions tocurrent problems in global health and presented their projects to peers and guests.Students provided both quantitative and qualitative assessment of the camp through pre- andpost-camp surveys. Student assessment data indicate that the camp was effective in increasingstudents’ self-assessed knowledge about science and engineering and the bioengineering field,and the camp increased the participants’ desire to attend college at the host institution in thefuture. Students enjoyed the team project of designing a solution to a problem in global health.As student assessment indicates that the camp was an enjoyable and effective
Conference Session
New Teaching Pedagogies: Methods and Assessments
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Luz Adriana Amaya-Bower, Central State Connecticut University
Tagged Divisions
Mechanical Engineering
second part. This structure did not allow for an effective way ofcomparing the tools between Excel and Matlab. Currently, the class is taught by topics. Inaddition, the assignments were modified to follow the new structure. Problems are taken fromeach book and then combined so students can follow the same methodology as in the class. Thenext change was to modify the method of homework collection. Initially, homework wascollected via email and the student received feedback in writing. It was observed that in manycases that the student neither reviewed their errors nor the provided feedback. Now theassignments are revised by the instructor in each student’s computer which allows immediatefeedback. The final change was to modify the classroom
Conference Session
Civic Engagement and Volunteerism in Engineering
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Shoba Krishnan, Santa Clara University; Tonya Lynn Nilsson P.E., Santa Clara University
Tagged Divisions
Community Engagement Division
collaborative learning with peers and others through one or more of the following: working cooperatively with other students in class, observing and participating in the contemporary ramifications of various types of civic life or civic discourse, or working with civic organizations beyond the walls of the University.At most universities, the path to meet the civic engagement requirement is often found inservice-learning or community service programs organized in the social science or humanitiesdepartments. However, as a profession, engineering has incredible potential to promote andimprove the quality of life for both individuals and communities. Further, engineering projectsare required to meet codes, standards, and
Conference Session
Beyond the Classroom
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Denise Rutledge Simmons PE, Virginia Tech; Chosang Tendhar, Virginia Tech; Rongrong Yu, Virginia Tech; Eric A. Vance, Virginia Tech; Catherine T. Amelink, Virginia Tech
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
anddiscuss. To aid this description, Q-set 1 “reasons for participating in out-of-class activities” isused as an example. First, participants were asked to recall the reasons that they participate inout-of-class activities and write the reasons on a blank paper. This step allowed the participantsto recall their decision-making processes freely. Second, participants read the Q-set and, if any oftheir reasons were not on the cards, use one blank card per missing reason to record each missingreason. These new reasons formed the basis of new items.    Third, participants sorted Q-set 1 into three groups: ‘yes’ (this is a reason that I participate in out-of-class activities), ‘maybe’ (this may be a reason that I participate) and ‘no’ (this is not a
Conference Session
Women in Engineering Division: Student Issues as Related to Culture
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Beth A. Powell, Tennessee Technological University; Joanna Wolfe, Carnegie Mellon University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Women in Engineering
, make crude comments, like, “You’re not actually smart,you’re just getting good grades because you’re a girl.”Responses: a. Just blow it off. I know what I’ve done b. Say “Listen, you don’t know me. I worked just as hard as you did, and I earned my grade. I don’t appreciate those comments.” c. Email the guy and in writing ask him to stop. d. Talk to the professor or someone else in charge and ask for their help in stopping Page 26.1434.4 the comments.Scenario 2: Sexual jokeWe asked respondents to respond to Scenario 2 as either the student or as the student’s
Conference Session
Design in Engineering Education Division Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nirmala Gnanapragasam, Seattle University; Nathan E Canney PE, Seattle University
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
senior design requirement. However, evaluating these documents posesdifficulty for faculty and other reviewers due to the variability in the types, nature andcomplexity of projects and the reviewers’ own style of writing and reviewing documents.Developing tools to limit how these variables affect document assessments is difficult, especiallywhile trying to retain flexibility to address a wide variety of project types. Page 26.1747.2Capstone projects have been the focus of many studies. Studies focused on assessment ofcapstone projects have looked at teamwork, peer evaluations, presentations, reports, andtechnical competency2. Assessment
Conference Session
Flipped Electrical and Computer Engineering Classrooms 1
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Steven G Northrup, Western New England University; John J. Burke P.E., Western New England University
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Electrical and Computer
. Many of the quicker students had to wait for their peers to finish writing theirnotes. This issue will be addressed in the survey data section of the paper. Getting back to thevideo lectures posted after the class. At times, when the content was not covered sufficientlybecause of the slower in-class lecture techniques, a video lecture was recorded with redundantlecture content after the class – usually posted within a day of the lecture. The video lecturematerial is summarized in Table 1. Table 1: Video Lecture Topics Lecture Lecture Topic Covered Topic Covered Number Number Passive Sign
Conference Session
International Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Waddah Akili, Iowa State University
Tagged Divisions
International
?); 2. Many college students do not know how to take effective notes. Although various strategies and formats for effective “note-taking” have been identified. The fact is that “note-taking” is seldom taught; 3. The listening, language, and/or motor skill deficits of some students make it difficult for them to identify important lecture content and write it down correctly and quickly enough during a lecture; 4. Instructors sometimes get off-track from the primary objectives of the lecture. Professors—especially those who really know and love their disciplines—are famous for going off on tangents during a lecture. Although getting off-track would break the monotony, it could make it difficult for even the
Conference Session
The Human Element of Librarianship
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Bertha P. Chang, North Carolina State University; Honora N. Eskridge, North Carolina State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Libraries
often work in laboratory settings –there are significant differences in the nature of their work and education. Pinelli explains thesedifferences in the work of engineers vs. scientists in great detail,3 but for our purposes whatmatters is how this plays out in terms of library use. As users, engineers behave differently thantheir peers in other disciplines. Many of them simply don’t use the library, physically orvirtually, and are unaware of library resources and services. Neither group is known to askreference questions in the traditional sense or request mediated searching. Tenopir states, “Evenwhen they do use a library, engineers like to search for information themselves rather than gothrough a librarian or other intermediary.”4
Conference Session
International Division Technical Session 1
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Steve Muench P.E., University of Washington; Ashley Ann Thompson, University of Washington/PCS Structural Solutions; Sheryl Brandalik
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
International
projects, which required them to do additionalanalysis and research on a topic of their choosing and, importantly, incorporate site visits and theknowledge gained from those visits into the project.Finally, we borrowed some aspects of the Montessori Method17 that we felt might proveadvantageous. Engineering Rome is (1) a multi-level, course (i.e., appropriate for Freshmanthrough graduate students) designed to foster peer learning, and (2) the final project is a guidedchoice work activity with the instructor serving in the role of Montessori’s “directress.” WhileMontessori’s writings generally concern early aged learning (and not college students), we feltthere was substantial evidence that these ideas would be beneficial. For instance, Katz et al
Conference Session
Supporting Diversity through Co-curricular Programming
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Renetta G. Tull, University of Maryland, Baltimore County; Alexis Y. Williams, University of Maryland Baltimore County; Shawnisha Shonté Hester, University of Maryland Baltimore County
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Graduate Studies
Affairs, and International system, Officer of Diversity, Latina/o Affairs Education Policy (PhD)6 Human Development, Assistant professor of education, coordinator of STEM emphasis on reading and education for teacher preparation; currently planning a literacy (PhD) collaborative proposal with other faculty and administrators for a STEM Center at the request of the institution. Over the course of the last two years, collaborated with faculty in Engineering to write grant proposals for programs that would provide professional development for teachers
Conference Session
NSF Grantees’ Poster Session
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jessica Mary Smith, Colorado School of Mines; Juan C. Lucena, Colorado School of Mines
Tagged Topics
Diversity, NSF Grantees Poster Session
general and engineering in particular almostexclusively focus on students of color. In effect, this research studies socioeconomic class bystudying race and ethnicity. While many low-income and first-generation students are also racialand ethnic minorities, not all students of color experience socioeconomic inequality. Moreover,this analytic frame misses many poor white students who do not have access to the samenetworks and support groups as do their peers who are students of color (e.g. MinorityEngineering Programs, Society of Hispanic Professional Engineers, National Society of BlackEngineers, etc.).In fact, socioeconomic inequalities, as distinct from racial and ethnic inequalities, rarely appearin definitions of diversity in STEM education
Conference Session
Diffusion and Adoption of Teaching Practices
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Lisa Romkey, University of Toronto
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
teaches undergraduate courses in engineering & society, and graduate courses in engineering education. Lisa completed an Undergraduate Degree in Environmental Science at the University of Guelph, and a Master’s Degree in Curriculum Studies at the University of Toronto. Her current doctoral research focuses on teaching and learning in engineering with an emphasis on the teaching of STSE (Science, Technology, Society and the Environment). She has also conducted research on science teacher education, the first year university experience, the assessment of undergraduate research experiences, peer teaching and gender issues in science and engineering
Conference Session
Engineering Ethics Division Technical Session 2
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Kirsten S Hochstedt, Penn State University; Sarah E Zappe, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Thomas A. Litzinger, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Tricia Bertram Gallant, University of California, San Diego; Robert G. Melton, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Shiyu Liu, Pennsylvania State University
Tagged Divisions
Engineering Ethics
theperception of dishonest peers and positively associated with understanding of academic integritypolicies.10 This research lends support to the idea that students require explicit education aboutacademic integrity.Yet, the ways in which faculty can infuse integrity education into the classroom has not beensystematically studied. Etter and colleagues proposed using the moral obligation andresponsibility that engineers have for the “health, safety, and welfare” of society as a way toencourage ethical reasoning and promote academic integrity in engineering students. Suggestedmethods for institutions include case-based learning, cooperative learning groups, and service-based learning.13 McCabe and Pavela suggested that faculty encourage honesty in their
Conference Session
International Division Technical Session 3
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Jane L. Lehr, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Dianne J DeTurris, California Polytechnic State University; Alana Christine Snelling; Nhu Y Tran; Lia Marie Applegarth
Tagged Divisions
International
be, you know, at least a half an hour of face-to-face and “get to know you” and so forth.However, this interviewee also believes that, in some cases, the communication practices of theother culture need to shift. She continues, “I have respected that pace for establishingrelationships initially but beyond that, I’ve been discussing this bias for face-to-face with someof my [UK] team and showing them how it can stop work from getting done. The delays thatoccur when you write something down for later [to be discussed at the next face-to-face meeting]vs. just picking up the phone and resolving it immediately, are significant.” Here, what is keyfrom this interviewee’s perspective is creating open communication about
Conference Session
Qualitative Methodologies
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Joachim Walther, University of Georgia; Alice L. Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Nicki Wendy Sochacka, University of Georgia
Tagged Topics
Diversity
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
Feminist Research in Engineering Education (FREE, formerly RIFE, group), whose diverse projects and group members are described at feministengineering.org. She received a CAREER award in 2010 and a PECASE award in 2012 for her project researching the stories of undergraduate engineering women and men of color and white women. She received ASEE-ERM’s best paper award for her CAREER research, and the Denice Denton Emerging Leader award from the Anita Borg Institute, both in 2013. She helped found, fund, and grow the PEER Collaborative, a peer mentoring group of early career and re- cently tenured faculty and research staff primarily evaluated based on their engineering education research productivity. She can be contacted
Conference Session
BIM in Architectural Engineering
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Christopher Monson, University of Washington; Hoda - Homayouni, University of Washington; Carrie S Dossick, University of Washington; Anne K Anderson, Washington State University
Tagged Divisions
Architectural
objectives in these vignettes werefocused on building an understanding of concepts that undergird the software logic and that arecommonly seen in other BIM applications and contexts. For the SketchUp vignette, the set ofconcepts was delineated as a grading rubric available to students on Canvas as part of theassignment explanation. Students worked on the vignette exercise in class and had instructorsand peers available for questions and assistance. At the end of the lab time, students wererequired to submit their work through Canvas. As expected by an introductory assignment in Page 26.932.8software skills, the student work was generally basic and
Conference Session
Survey and Assessment Development
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Nicholas D. Fila, Purdue University; Justin L Hess, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette
Tagged Divisions
Educational Research and Methods
of three versions of a survey, each in adifferent language, with three different cultural groups.6 Thematic analysis was used to identifyconceptual, contextual, and semantic issues with the survey implementation with samples fromthe three distinct cultural groups. These findings were evaluated holistically with quantitativefactor analysis and item analysis to evaluate and improve specific survey items.Another approach was identified by Onwuegbuzie, Bustamante, and Nelson.7 In their ten-stepInstrument Development and Construct Validation framework, they discussed a number ofapproaches to writing survey items (e.g. literature review, Delphi study, personal reflection).These authors utilized both quantitative and qualitative data to validate
Conference Session
Best of DEED
Collection
2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado, Boulder; Hunter Porterfield Ewen, University of Colorado, Boulder; Jiffer W Harriman Jr, University of Colorado; Jean Hertzberg, University of Colorado, Boulder
Tagged Divisions
Design in Engineering Education
Paper ID #12312Aesthetics of Design: a Case Study of a CourseMs. Katherine Goodman, University of Colorado, Boulder Katherine Goodman is currently a graduate student at the University of Colorado Boulder in the ATLAS Institute, working toward a Ph.D. in Technology, Media, and Society. Her research is in engineering education, with a focus on fluids and design courses. She holds a B.S. in mathematics and a masters of professional writing. She has previously worked as a technical writer and project coordinator, and as an instructor in composition at the University of Southern California and the Community College of