wider societal context. As a follow-on in measuringimpact, it would be useful to track Grand Challenges Scholars after graduation to identify theircareer paths and any potential long-term influences from their involvement with this initiative.BibliographyAntaya, C.L. (2015). Integrating Sustainability Grand Challenges and Active, ExperientialLearning into Undergraduate Engineering Education. Dissertation: Arizona State University.August.Augustin, N., (2007). On the Nature of Challenges, NAE Website,(http://www.engineeringchallenges.org/14373/GrandChallengesBlog/Augustine.aspxBurkett. S., et al. (2015). Tracking Student Participants From a REU Site with NAE GrandChallenges as the Common Theme. American Journal of Engineering Education. December
scientific exploration."Diving For Science 2014 (2014): 14.[8] S. H. Kim and J. W. Jeon, "Introduction for Freshmen to Embedded Systems Using LEGOMindstorms," IEEE Transactions on Education, vol. 52, no. 1, pp. 99-108, Feb. 2009.
, consumer sports equipment industriesbecause of their high strength-to-weight and high modulus-to-weight ratios. Fiber-reinforcedcomposites are generally classified into two broad categories: long fiber-reinforced composites(fiber length-to-diameter ratio between 200 to 500) and short fiber-reinforced composites (fiberlength-to-diameter ratio of between 20-60). The former is usually formed by embedding long,unidirectional fibers or woven cloth in a polymer matrix; while the latter by the dispersion of shortfibers in a polymer matrix. The major fibers that are widely used are E-glass, S-glass, carbon,graphite, and aramid fibers; whereas common matrices range from polyester, vinyl ester, to epoxyresin. Long fiber-reinforced composites have been the
teaching assistant (UGTA). The first group of 1/3 of the studentswas instructed in how to use the Sigma-Aldrich website to find pertinent information aboutglucose oxidase. Another 1/3 of the students were instructed by a UGTA in how to calculate therate of an enzymatic reaction and how to convert a mol/s value of electrons generated by areaction to Amperes. The third UGTA instructed the final 1/3 of students in how to read a basicresearch paper methods section and how to find the seminal research paper describing how toimmobilize glucose oxidase enzymes on an electrode. This assignment was taught in previoussemesters as an individual learning experience and was not a jigsaw exercise and, in thoseprevious classes, students had been instructed in
comparing theprinting results of both machines. Support material removal and cleaning time on average for thelarger parts such as base, femur, and tibia-fibula was between 20 to 30 min where as for thesmaller parts it was between 10 to 15 minutes. Table 2: Results of 3D printed parts14 Printer Settings Weight Extruder Platform Print Layer Printing Weight Decrease Part Name Temp. Temp. Speed Infill (%) Height Time (g) (PLA (oC) (oC) (mm/s) (mm