Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Energy Efficiency and Power Grid Security

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert J. Kerestes, University of Pittsburgh; Zhihua Qu, University of Central Florida; Damla Turgut, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

students’ academic careers.IntroductionThere are several studies which detail the benefit of student collaboration and networking [1],[2]. However, there are not always adequate opportunities for students to network andcollaborate with other students and faculty outside of their home institution. Therefore a summerprogram was developed by the FEEDER (Foundations in Engineering Education for DistributedEnergy Resources) Consortium, in hopes to not only increase the ability for students to networkand collaborate, but to expose the students to a wide variety of technologies that they could notsee otherwise. This strengthens several of the soft skills that are very important in thedevelopment of a young engineer’s career, but are often times

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Solar

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Walz, Madison Area Technical College; Joel B. Shoemaker, Madison Area Technical College; Ashley Jordan Scholes, Madison Area Technical College; Hao Jiang, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Jessica M.S. Silva, Azelis; Jennifer Sanfilippo M.S., L.A.T., University of Wisconsin, Madison; Walter A. Zeltner, Microporous Oxides Science and Technology, L.L.C.; Marc Arlen Anderson, Imdea Energía, Madrid

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

data analysis.IntroductionThe 21st century has been characterized by a surge in the growth of clean renewable energygeneration in the form of biomass, wind, and most recently solar power. Building on a decadelong trend of double digit growth rates shown in Figure 1, global installed solar photovoltaiccapacity has now exceeded 300 gigawatts (GW) [1]. Including projects still under construction inthe fourth quarter, it is estimatedthat the United States alone Figure 1) Global solar photovoltaic energy growth globalsolarPVenergygrowthinstalled approximately 12 GW 350of new solar photovoltaics in

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Solar

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Walz, Madison Area Technical College; Joel B. Shoemaker, Madison Area Technical College; Scott Liddicoat, Green Bay Southwest High School; Cris Folk, Madison College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

139biomass, wind, and most 101recently solar power. 100 61Building on a decade long 50 40 23trend of double digit 1.4 1.8 2.2 2.8 3.9 5.3 6.9 9.4 16 0growth rates shown in 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016Figure 1

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Energy Efficiency and Power Grid Security

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Dylan Kollmer; Saroj K Biswas, Temple University; Li Bai, Temple University; Arif I. Sarwat, Florida International University; Walid Saad, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

attack preventionmechanism in place, the developed experimental platform provides a facility to observe andevaluate the impacts of various cyber-attacks on a real physical microgrid. The developed HILplatform allows students to experiment with various cyberattack scenarios, defense strategies, andcontrol algorithms due to the reconfigurable nature of the HIL system.KeywordsHardware-in-the-loop, Networked control system, synchronous generator control, dataacquisition system, cyberattacks. 1. IntroductionThe U.S. power grid forms the core of all infrastructures, defense, and commerce in the UnitedStates which makes it a prime target [1]-[4] for cyber terrorism. In recent years, there have beenmany incidents of cyberattacks on the power grid all

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Energy Efficiency and Power Grid Security

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

George D. Ford, Western Carolina University; Hayrettin B. Karayaka, Western Carolina University; Sung Joon Suk, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

determine why a previously installed stream-powered,electricity generating system was not working correctly. The team met the owner and a localAgricultural Extension Office Manager (AEOM), at the site. The AEOM provided the team witha tour of the primary structures and equipment.The system inspected consists of four water-powered impulse type turbines connected to 1320feet of 8-inch black plastic, seamless pipe. The pipe inlet provides 98 feet of head (42.2 psig) topower the turbines. The turbines provide wattage generation based upon delivered water flow ata specific pressure. The higher the water flow and pressure, the higher the turbine wattageoutput, up to 1 kilowatt each, maximum output as installed. The turbines appeared to operatecorrectly

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Conservation and Optimization

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David C. Zietlow, Bradley University; John Sullivan

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

is to provide them with a practical,but significant challenge. Such a challenge for first semester thermodynamic students was tooptimize a refrigeration cycle by minimizing total life-cycle cost as contained in [1] and [2].Another effective way to improve student learning was to add an experiential element to theprocess. A vapor compression apparatus, see Figure 1, was used to provide this experientialelement for the class through a demonstration. Data from the apparatus were collected for two purposes. First, a heat balance betweenthe refrigerant and air sides of the heat exchangers was performed. Students were led deductivelyfrom the heat transfer rate in the conservation of energy to the measurements required tocalculate the rate

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Best Papers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandip Das, Kennesaw State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

of bypassdiodes. Successful integration of the simulation exercises could substantially help to optimize thestudent learning outcome. The impact of the simulation exercises and learning outcome weremeasured by pre- and post-exercise tests and student perceptions via student feedback.1. Introduction:Solar power offers infinite source of renewable energy and is predicted to meet a significantportion of our energy demand in the near future. The PV industry has been growing at a very fastpace around the world and is predicted to reach TW-scale generation by 20501-4. Such rapid growthhas created new job opportunities. According to the solar job census 2016, the PV industry in theUS employed more than 260 thousand workers. This number is predicted

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Conservation and Optimization

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian G. Belu, Southern University and A&M College; Lucian Ionel Cioca, Lucian Blaga University of Sibiu; Richard Chiou, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

subsections.Electric Machines I: This 3-credit course is designed to provide foundations in the operation,principles, construction, performances and testing of major types of electrical machines, beingoffered once a year usually during the spring semester. Topics covered are the fundamentals ofmagnetic circuits, transformers and rotating electric machinery including both DC and ACmachinery. In addition to that, we are also included comprehensive discussions of the controlmethods, techniques and most important applications for each of the major types of electricmachines included in this course. The following topics are included in this course:1. Introduction to Electric Machines, Review: Newton Laws, Electric Circuits, Phasors, andElectromagnetic Field Basics

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Conservation and Optimization

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bala Maheswaran, Northeastern University; Nicolas Berna Tedori; Eamon J. Whitmore, Northeastern University; Bailey L. Ritchie; Logan Gross, Northeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

implementation of bothconventional and regenerative brake systems on both cars and bikes. Before the initial design(Figure 1) of the RE-Brake system was considered, calculations were made based on bikingstatistics and other energy data to determine how much energy could be gained from such a device.These calculations were done using a few pieces of information, primarily the energy lost when a73-kg person is riding a 10-kg bike at 4.4 m/s. The calculation was done using, 1 𝐸 = 𝑚𝑣 2 2where the mass would be the total of mass of the rider and the bike. The energy of this system wasfound to be about 803 joules, if

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Solar

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Energy Education at Grand Valley State UniversityAbstractThis paper presents the development of solar energy curriculum in the School of Engineering atGrand Valley State University. The aim of this curriculum is to provide students withfundamental theory and practical hands-on experiences. Three learning modules were developedthat can be incorporated in the courses in the electrical engineering program. Two courses, one atsophomore level and one at senior level, have been identified for this purpose. A full course onphotovoltaic systems was developed for the electrical engineering graduate program. The solarenergy curriculum is supplemented by the SolaRescue program and Alternative Energy Club.1. IntroductionFossil fuels such as coal, oil, and

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Energy Efficiency and Power Grid Security

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alamgir A. Choudhury, Western Michigan University; Prajna Paramita, Western Michigan University; Jorge Rodriguez P.E., Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, practice of energy efficiency in allproducts and processes is essential for future sustainable industries.A fluid power system [1] transforms available forms of energy to mechanical energy through theuse of fluid media. It also deals with the transmission and control of forces and motion using apressurized fluid. In general, a fluid power system, specifically the hydraulics system, is a costeffective solution to problems requiring high power density and large reversible forces or torquein an application. It is also easy to control and can be integrated with a mechanical or electricalsystem in complex applications. As pressurized fluid circulates, hydraulic systems waste much oftheir energy, regardless of the amount of work output. Most industrial

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Best Papers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Glenn T. Wrate P.E., Northern Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

on this breaker. Thispaper will discuss the problems encountered running these tests with undergraduates, includingsafety and power concerns. It will also discuss the student’s interactions and their impressions ofthe testing; and look at methods to evaluate how well they learned the testing methods and thecircuit breaker operational concepts. The travel time test requires that both 120 V ac (for thecompressor) and 125 V dc (for the controls) be provided to the breaker. On the breaker tested, alarge spring is used to open the interrupters, while a pneumatic system is used to close thebreaker. A Doble TDR900 is used to perform the test. This test instrument has inputs for: 1) thelinear transducer that measures the movement of the operating

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Energy Efficiency and Power Grid Security

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilya Y. Grinberg, Buffalo State

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

parameter [1]. Thetransactive energy approach offers a way for producers and consumers to more closely balanceenergy supply and demand based on technical and economic factors. One of the transactiveenergy principles as to maintain system reliability and control while enabling optimal integrationof renewable and distributed energy resources. Transactive energy systems should be scalable,adaptable and extensible across a number of devices, participants and geographic extent [2].One of examples of a scalable system is residential microgrid. Energy sharing across aneighborhood promotes sustainability through the efficient utilization of local energy resourcesand reducing reliance on the utility grid [3]. In traditional grid, houses are connected to the

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Best Papers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick A. Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Nazli Aslican Yilmaz Wodzinski, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Namyong Lee, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

has specialty in industrial and applied mathematics. He is the current president of North Central Section of Mathematical Association of America and the research director of the Minnesota Modeling & Simulation Center. Dr. Lee has served many journal editorial boards, including the associate editorship in Frontiers in Systems Biology. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Improving Vertical Axis Wind Turbine (VAWT) Performance1. Background on VAWTsAccording to the Minnesota Department of Commerce, “wind is an increasingly significantsource of energy in Minnesota” [1]. The majority of growth in wind energy has beenaccomplished with horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWTs

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Best Papers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jan T. Lugowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William Hutzel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

thermodynamics course was re-imagined to present the overarchingenergy conversion topic in an integrated learning-in-context format, so that the learning occurredjust in time and the learning outcomes were tied to a practical hands-on experience to evaluate aheat exchanger. A survey to assess student learning showed that students 1) were more confidentin their technical knowledge after having completed this project and 2) preferred to have detailedinstructions to complete lab procedure (as opposed to working on their own).Energy TransformationHigher education has been going through a transformation of teaching in many disciplines [1] –[7]. The transformation helps recognize our interconnectedness with others [1], and that theinstructor must strike a

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Solar

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Hutzel, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jan T. Lugowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

students access live solar energy data from theirlaptop or smart phone. A preliminary evaluation of the educational impact shows that studentsnot only gained an appreciation for solar energy, but they had confidence in their ability todevelop innovative ideas for improving solar panel performance.Energy TransformationEngineers should have technical expertise, but also the ability to work with new and “uncertain”information, collaborate, and solve open-ended problems [1]. In order to make it a reality, aninstitutional transformation of university teaching is essential [2] – [5]. That is the motivationbehind an energy transformation project underway in an undergraduate Engineering Technologyprogram. The goal is a new energy systems curriculum that

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Conservation and Optimization

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher Shehadi, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

turnstilesfor shopping centers or buildings, and even counting ticket sales for theaters. However, each ofthese has its own cons and pros.Several energy audit reports for buildings indicated that occupancy sensors can significantlyreduce energy consumption. The equipment demand for heating, ventilation and air-conditioninghas increased in the USA from $11 billion in 2004 to $19 billion in 2014 [1]. Having an efficientair-conditioning supply and control system can reduce energy consumption in buildings.Many techniques and technologies were used to detect and count occupants inside buildings.Some of the studies investigated the change in the level of CO2 inside rooms and buildings toidentify the number of occupants and their activity level, such as such

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Conservation and Optimization

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Farshid Zabihian, California State University, Sacramento

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

of engineering education indicates that until mid-20th centuryengineering students were trained in whole or in part through apprenticeships and practice.However, after WWII the complexity of engineering systems, which required deep theoreticalunderstanding, led to increase in theoretical contents. This inevitably resulted in sacrifices ofskill-based contents [1, 2]. Therefore, the main objective of engineering education becametransferring of the body of knowledge rather than developing skills. By the late 20th century,significant pressure was placed on universities from various stakeholders, including accreditationbodies, employers, and professional societies, to increase practical aspects of engineeringeducation. They reasoned several