Conference Session

Design Teams 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amy Trauth, University of Delaware; Marcia Gail Headley, University of Delaware; Sara Grajeda, University of Delaware; Dustyn Roberts P.E., University of Pennsylvania; Jenni Buckley, University of Delaware

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

were single-session (ca. 160 students), and therewere six to eight identical laboratory sections (ca. 20-40 students). A single instructor taught alllectures, and a common undergraduate teaching assistant workforce (10-12 individuals) sharedcoaching responsibilities across all lab sections. All IDE-related laboratory periods were held inthe program’s undergraduate makerspace [29]. Prior to the start of the IDE, in-class time wasdedicated to safety and tool competency training. In the weeks preceding the IDE, all studentswatched a video-based safety orientation, took an online safety quiz, and completed a self-pacedlaboratory experience that involved them demonstrating competencies in-person to a teachingassistant. All students viewed the same

Conference Session

Empathy and Human-Centered Design 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alexander Pagano, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Saadeddine Shehab, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Leon Liebenberg, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

assumptions and concepts as they aredeveloped, allowing students to make informed judgments. However, these benefits rely on thesuccessful implementation of human-centered design activities in engineering classes. This oftendepends on the graduate teaching assistants (TAs) who lead discussion or laboratory sections. Thiswork-in-progress paper describes the implementation of a human-centered design activity thatintroduces human-centered design to students in a Design for Manufacturability course. It exploresthe TA’s experiences in implementing this activity and the impact of the activity on students’understanding of the role of human-centered design in design for manufacturability in engineering.MethodsDesign This study is part of a design

Conference Session

Empathy and Human-Centered Design 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Pamela L Dickrell, University of Florida; Lilianny Virguez, University of Florida; Andrea Goncher, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

course, whileaffording departments the flexibility to fit the first-year design course into their curriculum. Thecourse structure, half-lecture and half-laboratory course, is designed to optimize the use of themakerspace classroom. The lecture half is structured as online videos and other learning contentstudents need to complete before coming to the live laboratory makerspace portion of class.Students attend the live makerspace class once per week for a two-hour block of time. Thelaboratory half is structured for students to work in teams, utilize the makerspace tools, andreceive feedback from the professor and peer mentors on their projects. With the combinedonline lecture and live laboratory format, students are expected to complete

Conference Session

Design Teams 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Akhil Krishna Mohan, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Priyanka Dey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Sizhi Tan, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Blake Everett Johnson, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Wade Fagen-Ulmschneider, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign ; Mariana Silva, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Champaign.Dr. Blake Everett Johnson, University of Illinois at Urbana - Champaign Dr. Blake Everett Johnson is a lecturer and instructional laboratory manager in the Department of Mechan- ical Science and Engineering at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. His research interests include experimental fluid mechanics, measurement science, and engineering education. He oversees un- dergraduate laboratories in fluid mechanics, fluid dynamics, and heat transfer. Pedagogically, Dr. Johnson employs active learning, inquiry-based laboratory instruction, and any initiative that empowers students to do hands-on learning. Additional service interests include teaching and leadership training for grad- uate students

Conference Session

Maker Spaces in Design Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carolyn Keller, University of Wisconsin, Platteville ; Jodi F. Prosise, University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Philip J. Parker P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

our students that are designed to build on our strengths and provide new areas of success.IntroductionMakerspaces are no longer novel or rare and are regularly being established on campuses and inurban spaces across the United States and beyond. A variety of research has been conducted tocatalog the positive impacts of makerspaces especially as it relates to engineering education. Ascampuses develop makerspaces, they have used the spaces as a type of laboratory to test theimpact of projects and courses related to making. We will build on this growing literature as wedevelop programming and policies for our Innovation Center (expected to open in the Fallsemester of 2022) that will promote an open and inclusive experience for users.New

Conference Session

Design Mental Frameworks

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shan Peng, University of Oklahoma; Zhenjun Ming, University of Oklahoma; Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Janet Katherine Allen, University of Oklahoma; Farrokh Mistree, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #31679Work in Progress: Quantifying Learning by Reflecting on Doing in anEngineering Design, Build and Test CourseMrs. Shan Peng, University of Oklahoma Shan Peng is a pursuing a MS in Data Science and Analytics at the University of Oklahoma. Shan is working with Professors Janet K. Allen and Farrokh Mistree in the Systems Realization Laboratory at OU. Her MS thesis is about design and development of a text mining program to facilitate instructors gain insight about students’ learning by analyzing their learning statements in engineering design, build and test courses. Shan is a winner of the ”2019 NSF/ASME

Conference Session

Capstone Pedgagogy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joyce Blandino P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Jon-michael Hardin P.E., Virginia Military Institute

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

generated and assembled using SolidWorks modelingsoftware. The completed prosthetic limb model was then imported into ANSYS for finite elementanalysis (FEA) of stress and deformation under static load conditions similar to those applied inreal life. A separate buckling analysis was performed on the pylon model in ANSYS. Once theFEA results demonstrated the stress and deformation were within acceptable limits, a prototypewas built. The built prototype was then subjected to static load testing in the laboratory to ensurethe prosthetic limb could sustain the weight of the client. The prototype, including the designedfoot and pylon, was then tested on the client. Figure 2 shows the client fitted with thepreliminary prosthetic limb standing on the force

Conference Session

Design Across the Curriculum 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Johnathon Garcia, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Ryan E. Harlow, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Estevan Andres Nunez, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; lorena Isabel Velasquez, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology ; Curtis John O'Malley, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Paper ID #29838The implementation of dynamic learning in a project-based introductoryengineering courseMr. Johnathon Garcia, New Mexico Institute of Mining & Technology Johnathon Garcia is a graduate student in the Mechanical Engineering Department at New Mexico Insti- tute of Mining and Technology, seeking an MS in Mechanical Engineering with an emphasis in Mecha- tronic Systems. His research covers multiple fields including compact data acquisition systems, robotics, Machine Learning, and vibrational systems. He has conducted research under Dr. O’Malley with coop- eration with Sandia National Laboratories on designing

Conference Session

Design in K-12 Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

James S. Mokri P.E., San Jose State University; Nicole Okamoto, San Jose State University; Sorin Ion Neagu, Independence High School

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

during the semester at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research ora related university lab and then can apply for a summer teaching internship. For the teachinginternship, they instruct middle and high school students in science education outreach programs.Both the mentors and middle and high school students are from communities with limitedresources. The mentors reported that involvement in this program helped their professionalgrowth and maturity. The students reported that they were able to develop a rapport with theirmentors that they typically could not with teachers.Pluth et al. [10] describe a program where students in grades 6-12 come to a university campusfor hands-on laboratory science activities. High school volunteers and graduate

Conference Session

Capstone Design Practices

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kurt Stephen Stresau, University of Central Florida; Mark W. Steiner, University of Central Florida

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Laboratory in the School of Engineering at Rens- selaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and Professor of Practice in the Mechanical, Aerospace and Nuclear Engineering department from 1999 to 2015. He also worked at GE Corporate from 1987 to 1991, con- sulting and introducing world-class productivity practices throughout GE operations. In 1991 he joined GE Appliances and led product line structuring efforts resulting in $18 million annual cost savings to the refrigeration business. Later as a design team leader he led product development efforts and the initial 1995 market introduction of the Built-In Style line of GE Profile refrigerators. His last assignment at GE Appliances was in the Office of Chief Engineer in support of

Conference Session

Best In DEED

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

David A. Copp, University of California, Irvine; Alejandra Hormaza Mejia, University of California, Irvine; Mark E. Walter, University of California, Irvine; Natascha Trellinger Buswell, University of California, Irvine

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Laboratories and an adjunct faculty member in Electrical and Computer Engi- neering at the University of New Mexico. His broad research interests include engineering education, as well as control and optimization of nonlinear and hybrid systems with applications to power and energy systems, multi-agent systems, robotics, and biomedicine. He is a recipient of UCSB’s Center for Control, Dynamical Systems, and Computation Best PhD Thesis award.Ms. Alejandra Hormaza Mejia, University of California, Irvine Alejandra Hormaza Mejia is a PhD student in the department of mechanical and aerospace engineering at the University of California, Irvine. She received her B.S. in chemical engineering and M.S. in mechan- ical and aerospace

Conference Session

Design Teams 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eltahry Elghandour, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lauren Anne Cooper, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

capstone design program. His research interests include design theory, stress analysis, and biomechanics.Dr. Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Brian Self obtained his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Mechanics from Virginia Tech, and his Ph.D. in Bioengineering from the University of Utah. He worked in the Air Force Research Laboratories before teaching at the U.S. Air Force Academy for seven years. Brian has taught in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo since 2006. During the 2011-2012 academic year he participated in a professor exchange, teaching at the Munich University of Applied Sciences. His engineering education interests include

Conference Session

Capstone Pedgagogy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicholas A Baine P.E., Grand Valley State University; Karl Brakora, Grand Valley State University; Christopher P. Pung P.E., Grand Valley State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

-guidance of supersonic and hypersonic munitions, and advanced PCB packaging techniques. Previously, he was a graduate student with the Ra- diation Laboratory of the University of Michigan where his research focus was on ceramic prototyping techniques, integrated ceramic microwave systems, and applications of metamaterials and photonic crys- tals. He has authored four papers for refereed journals and given many conference presentations on the applications of advanced ceramic fabrication techniques to microwave devices. Dr. Brakora holds 5 US patents and has several unpublished patents and patent applications.Dr. Christopher P. Pung P.E., Grand Valley State University Dr. Pung has interests in experiential learning

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hadi Ali, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Ann F. McKenna, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

representation is described, taught and learned in analysis-focused classes and indesign-focused classes is lacking. Some research has pointed to the disciplinary nature of thisunderstanding. Furthermore, a larger view at the curriculum level of the links of representation betweenanalysis and design needs more study.References"Foundation". (n.d.). Theodore von Karman. (National Science & Technology Medals Foundation) Retrieved from https://www.nationalmedals.org/laureates/theodore-von-karman"JPL". (n.d.). JPL History, Theodore von Karman. (Jet Propulsion Laboratory) Retrieved from https://www.jpl.nasa.gov/jplhistory/learnmore/lm-vonkarman.php"NSF". (1997). Systemic Engineering Education Reform: An Action Agenda, NSF98-27. National

Conference Session

Design Across Curriculum 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nicole Danielle Trenchard, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences; Christopher Lombardo, Harvard School of Engineering and Applied Sciences

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

havethe opportunity to earn academic credit for their engineering design work. A key difference in thisframework as compared to other typical capstone designs, independent studies, or research creditcourses is that undergraduate TAs and project managers within the project teams are responsiblefor developing many of the assignments distributed to those students enrolled the course as theproject progresses. The methods of student assessment within this framework include: individualor small-group weekly assignments, design notebook checks, peer and self-evaluations,participation, summative technical reports, and the Humanitarian Library. Additionally, unlikemany traditional problem set or laboratory courses, student skills are developed through

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Cheng Chen, University of Georgia; Toluwalase Oluwagbemileke Olajoyegbe, University of Georgia; Beshoy Morkos, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Naval Research (ONR), United States Navy, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)] and industry [Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Sun Nuclear, Northrop Grumman, Rockwell Collins, PTC, Alstom]. Dr. Morkos received his Ph.D. from Clemson University. In 2014, he was awarded the ASME CIE Dis- sertation of the year award for his doctoral research. He graduated with his B.S. and M.S in Mechanical Engineering in 2006 and 2008 from Clemson University and has worked on multiple sponsored projects funded by partners such as NASA, Michelin, and BMW. His past work experience include working at the BMW Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) as a Research Associate and Robert Bosch

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Alexander R. Murphy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Henry David Banks, James Madison University; Matt Robert Bohm, Florida Polytechnic University; Robert L. Nagel, James Madison University; Julie S. Linsey, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

required and focus heavily on the engineeringdesign process. The juniors in the study follow the NASA systems engineering handbook [39] toguide them through the process of designing and building a laboratory experiment. The seniorsloosely follow the engineering design processes prescribed by Otto & Wood and Ulman [40, 41],and received formalized functional modelling instruction [42] with related homeworkassignments prior to the start of the study (not as an intervention). The juniors involved in thestudy were not taught any formalized functional modelling processes prior to the study.3.2 Mechanics of the StudyData was collected at two different points during the semester (three weeks apart) for both thejuniors and the seniors (approximately at

Conference Session

Design Teams 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ardeshir Raihanian Mashhadi, University at Buffalo, SUNY; Vanessa Svihla, University of New Mexico

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

, Canada, 2019.[19] D. I. Hanauer, J. Frederick, B. Fotinakes, and S. A. Strobel, "Linguistic analysis of project ownership for undergraduate research experiences," CBE-Life Sciences Education, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 378-85, Winter 2012.[20] A. Haapasaari, Y. Engeström, and H. Kerosuo, "The emergence of learners’ transformative agency in a Change Laboratory intervention," Journal of Education and Work, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 232-262, 2016.[21] V. Svihla, J. R. Gomez, M. A. Watkins, and T. B. Peele-Eady, "Characterizing framing agency in design team discourse," in Proceedings of the ASEE 126th Annual Conference and Exhibition: ASEE, 2019.[22] J. P. Gee, An introduction to discourse analysis: Theory and method

Conference Session

Design Across Curriculum 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ha Nguyen, University of California, Irvine; Liang Li Wu, University of California, Irvine; Gregory N. Washington, University of California, Irvine; Kyu Yon Lim, Ewha Womans University; Christian Fischer, University of Tübingen, Germany

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

to fundamentaldesign principles (e.g., Computer Aided Design), concepts (e.g., fluid mechanics, controlsystems, circuitry, etc.) and skills (e.g. mechanical and electrical fabrication). Each week of thecourse included two-hour lecture and two-hour laboratory sessions in the first term, and one-hourlectures and two-hour labs in the second term.PBL was a central component of the course [23], [24]. Students were introduced to how a projectdeveloped in full cycle—planning, research and design, manufacturing, and evaluation. In thefirst term, students were introduced to engineering design fundamentals. Students continued thesecond term with an autonomous team project, where they applied manufacturing andprogramming skills to develop a product

Conference Session

Design Across the Curriculum 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Charlotte Marr de Vries, Pennsyvania State University, Behrend College; Jill Johnson P.E., Pennsylvania State University, Behrend College; Brian Lani

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

projects.Program HistoryIn 2016, the Mechanical Engineering Department identified Additive Manufacturing (AM) as agrowing field and an important topic to incorporate into the Mechanical Engineering (ME)curriculum at Penn State Erie (Behrend). At that time, Behrend owned approximately five 3Dprinters, and we initially developed a course where the students could utilize the machinesowned by Behrend. The course was a 1 credit lab that the senior ME students could take to filltheir program requirements (two laboratory courses of their choosing). The machines werecentrally located in Innovation Commons at Behrend, which is a makerspace that was developedby Behrend to support innovation and early manufacturing of prototypes for all Behrend studentsand local

Conference Session

Capstone Pedgagogy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Stephen Andrew Wilkerson P.E., York College of Pennsylvania; Stephen Andrew Gadsden, University of Guelph; Elyse Hill

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

area of estimation theory with applications to mechatronics and aerospace systems. Andrew worked as a post- doctoral researcher at the Centre for Mechatronics and Hybrid Technology (Hamilton, Ontario, Canada). He also worked as a Project Manager in the pharmaceutical industry (Apotex Inc.) for about three years. Before joining the University of Guelph in 2016, he was an Assistant Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Andrew worked with a num- ber of colleagues in NASA, the US Army Research Laboratory (ARL), US Department of Agriculture (USDA), National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), and the Maryland Department of the

Conference Session

Design Methodologies 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrea M. Ragonese, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Elizabeth Marie Starkey, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

longer wanted to spend the money to trainnew engineers; they expect the inherent training to come from students’ engineering education[15]. As a result, one such manner students received the training was through the use of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in conjunction with computer simulation packages that students may utilizein a laboratory to solve realistic problems [1].For example, if a student wanted to reverse engineer a bicycle, you may be able to do this by noteven taking it apart. Many of the parts are visible just by looking at them for different angles [16],[17]. However, if you wanted to reverse engineer, or dissect, a motorcycle (including its engine),there were too many moving parts. It would be impossible to dissect, or disassemble

Conference Session

Design Teams 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Peter Schuster, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Lauren Anne Cooper, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eltahry Elghandour, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Eileen W. Rossman P.E., California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Sarah Harding, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

State Uni- versity, San Luis Obispo, teaching a variety of design related courses. Previous to joining Cal Poly, Sarah worked in the automotive industry as a chassis engineer and quality manager.Dr. Brian P. Self, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo Brian Self obtained his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Engineering Mechanics from Virginia Tech, and his Ph.D. in Bioengineering from the University of Utah. He worked in the Air Force Research Laboratories before teaching at the U.S. Air Force Academy for seven years. Brian has taught in the Mechanical Engineering Department at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo since 2006. During the 2011-2012 academic year he participated in a professor exchange, teaching at the

Conference Session

Design Across Curriculum 1

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Robert P. Loweth, University of Michigan; Shanna R. Daly, University of Michigan; Jiangqiong Liu; Kathleen H. Sienko, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Research Group is a multidisciplinary laboratory developing novel methodologies to create technological solutions that address pressing societal needs at the intersection of health care and engineering. Dr. Sienko is the recipient of an NSF CAREER award and several teaching awards including the ASME Engineering Education Donald N. Zwiep Innova- tion in Education Award, UM Teaching Innovation Prize, UM Undergraduate Teaching Award, and UM Distinguished Professor Award. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020 Student Practices Developing Needs Statements for Design ProblemsAbstractNeeds statements are concise articulations of design problems that indicate what changes arenecessary

Conference Session

Empathy and Human-Centered Design 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Devanshi Shah, University of Georgia; Xiaoou Yang, University of Georgia; Beshoy Morkos, University of Georgia

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

Science Foundation (NSF), Office of Naval Research (ONR), United States Navy, NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)] and industry [Blue Origin, Lockheed Martin, Sun Nuclear, Northrop Grumman, Rockwell Collins, PTC, Alstom]. Dr. Morkos received his Ph.D. from Clemson University. In 2014, he was awarded the ASME CIE Dis- sertation of the year award for his doctoral research. He graduated with his B.S. and M.S in Mechanical Engineering in 2006 and 2008 from Clemson University and has worked on multiple sponsored projects funded by partners such as NASA, Michelin, and BMW. His past work experience include working at the BMW Information Technology Research Center (ITRC) as a Research Associate and Robert Bosch

Conference Session

Maker Spaces in Design Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Chieloka Mbaezue, Stanford University; Eric Reynolds Brubaker, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

makerspace is not only about hands-on learning but about increasingly fullparticipation in a makerspace community of practice.3. RESEARCH SITE: THE STANFORD PRL COMMUNITY OF PRACTICEThis study is conducted in a learning laboratory, makerspace, and associated MCoP at StanfordUniversity: the Product Realization Lab (PRL). The PRL is both a physical space and socialcommunity. It is over 9,000ft2 of tools and materials (e.g. woodshop, machine shop, rapidprototyping, foundry) and a community of over 1,000 practicing designers and makers (e.g.students, instructors, industry experts) who are active in the PRL each year. It is a place whereideas and designs are realized; prototyping and iteration are celebrated [23]; self-efficacy is built[13,14] and