Conference Session

New Models for Teaching and Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Morozov, University of Washington; Deborah Kilgore, University of Washington; Cynthia Atman, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Engineering Education is a multi-institution, mixed-method, longitudinal study whichexamines engineering students’ learning and development as they move into, through, andbeyond their undergraduate institutions. Data were collected from students at each of four Page 12.321.11institutions: Mountain Technical Institute (MT), a public university specializing in teachingengineering and technology; Oliver University, a private historically black mid-Atlantic 10institution; University of West State, a state university in the Northwest U.S.; and University ofColeman

Conference Session

The BEST InDEED

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Gewirtz, Virginia Tech; Daria A. Kotys-Schwartz, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech; Sidharth Arunkumar; Julie Dyke Ford, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Susannah Howe, Smith College; Laura Mae Rosenbauer, Smith College; Nicholas Emory Alvarez, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Jessica Deters, Virginia Tech ; Cristian Hernandez

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

domain,ME offers a useful study focus. The sites range in size from a small program graduating 30-50students annually to larger programs with over 350 graduates per year. All include at least a full-year of senior design; one has a four-semester design sequence that begins in students’ junioryear. All include industry-sponsored projects, with some having options that include faculty-sponsored projects, competition teams, and service projects. Finally, all use a course coordinatorcoupled with individual faculty and/or industry mentors for each team. Team sizes are generally4-6 students. The sites are also geographically diverse (northeast, mid-Atlantic, mountain west,and southwest).SamplingBeginning in late spring 2017, we recruited participants

Conference Session

Design in Freshman and Sophomore Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin D. Dahm, Rowan University; William Riddell, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

AC 2011-202: STUDENTS LEARN FUNDAMENTALS OF ENGINEERINGDESIGN WHILE PURSUING THEIR OWN ENTREPRENEURIAL IDEASKevin D. Dahm, Rowan University Kevin Dahm is an Associate Professor of Chemical Engineering at Rowan University. He received his B.S. from WPI in 1992 and his Ph.D. from MIT in 1998. He has published on teaching engineering design, assessment of student learning, and use of process simulation in undergraduate education. He is the recipient of the 2004 Fahien Award and the 2010 Mid-Atlantic Section Outstanding Teaching Award from ASEE.William Riddell, Rowan University William Riddell is an Associate Professor in the Civil and Engineering Department at Rowan University. His research interests include design

Conference Session

Interdisciplinary Integration at the Course Level

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Corey T Schimpf, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Jessica E S Swenson, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York; Courtney Burris

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education/Engineering & Society Division (LEES)

HurricaneKatrina and (3) the student selected research project on an engineered system that negativelyimpacted their local community. For each case, we discuss the learning goals of the givenactivity, how the activity was enacted for the class, and finally draw connections between theactivity and the theories of power it emphasized. After presenting the details of each case weshare our reflections on each of them as instructors. Our reflections explore what went well witheach activity, what challenges it had, and what we might change for future implementations.Study ContextThe three cases reported here all happened in a year-long senior capstone course for a multipledisciplinary engineering degree at a Mid Atlantic University with a large engineering

Conference Session

Best Paper, Best Diversity Paper

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Maija A Benitz, Roger Williams University

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

explaining this topic “Something she did well was “If possible, I think moreanalogies, and to a child, Samy Kamkar used making good comparisons for relatable connections could Metaphors, examples the metaphor of breaking into fourth graders to give context benefit this section. For a lock to help give a physical and help them understand instance, using analogies to example that relates to concepts.” something that a child may hacking.” encounter in everyday life

Conference Session

Cross-cultural Sensitivity, Moral Imagination, and Diversity in Engineering Ethics Education

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Yousef Jalali, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Christian Matheis, Guilford College; Marc Edwards, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

: Washington Aqueduct,D.C. Water and Sewer Authority, Environmental Protection Agency Mid-Atlantic RegionalOffice, and D.C. Department of Health. The semester-long activities, team exercise centeredaround a book and individual project on a real-world ethical situation with the integration oflistening exercises and ethical theory were among other influential components.The course in fact provided and continues to provide various opportunities for emotionalengagement and imaginative understanding of ethical reasoning even though developingimagination is not one of the major objectives of the course. As one of the students noted in thesurvey, we administered in 2020, “I think moral imagination is the unspoken ultimate objectiveof the class.”Reimagining

Conference Session

Creating a Technology Incubator and Creating a Seed Fund

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Scott Laughlin, University of Maryland; Scott Magids, University of Maryland; David Barbe, University of Maryland

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

studying at the University of MarylandWhile many great technologies are developed in Maryland and the Mid-Atlantic region, VAservices are currently available only to existing faculty, graduate students, and selectundergraduate students of the University of Maryland.2. Technology Founders willing to commit to the development of a commercial enterpriseMost successful emerging technology companies are co-managed by technology pathfinders andseasoned business executives. VA studies a potential company's founder and/or founding team todetermine their "entrepreneurial

Conference Session

Beyond Individual Ethics: Engineering in Context

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donna Riley, Smith College

Tagged Divisions

Liberal Education

elements presented here, including the action essay and self-directed learningreflection, should scale up to larger classes without much difficulty. Student-led discussion,however, is more difficult, especially with mid-size classes of 20-30, too small to creatediscussion sections, but large enough that students aren’t readily comfortable with discussion.One strategy that may be effective is having a panel of student discussants for a reading. A teamof 4 students or so leads discussion, facilitated with questions from the instructor that theyanswer as authorities. (Questions can be posed in advance to make this exercise less intimidating,and to generate student preparation notes which can be handed in.) After some period ofdiscussion, the floor is

Conference Session

Hurricane Katrina

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

W. Robert Story, Virginia Tech; Brian LeCroy, Virginia Tech; Christina Pace, Virginia Tech; Michael Palmer, Virginia Tech; Leigh McCue, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

Ocean and Marine

a distress signal, which suggests the storm provided aquick sinking. Four ships were originally sent out to search for the Fitzgerald. One ended upturning back in the middle of the voyage and another took almost 24 hours to get to the scene.There are many theories on the sinking of the Edmund Fitzgerald. The two most prominent areissues related to the severity of the storm and issues surrounding the maintenance of the boat.8The way that the boat was found split in two, with the sections separated by more than 170 feet,suggests that the boat took on a lot of water quickly and unevenly.9 The Edmund Fitzgerald’sfreeboard had been decreased due to an authorized change to her Plimsoll mark, thus it would beeasier to take on water in high seas

Conference Session

Engineering Design Process Activities with Secondary Students

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew J. Traum, Engineer Inc.; Sharon Liz Karackattu, Oak Hall School

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

Conference Session

Engineering Design for Elementary Students

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pamela S. Lottero-Perdue Ph.D., Towson University; Ming C. Tomayko, Towson University

Tagged Divisions

Pre-College Engineering Education

. Rubric developmentand use represented our attempt to quantify our answers to the research questions and explorationof relationships among variables. In what follows, we explain our participant selection process,context for the study, the interviews we conducted, and our data analysis process.Project Participants Participants came from five classrooms in three schools in a school system in the mid-Atlantic area and were in the second half of their kindergarten year at the time of the study inspring 2018. Blakely Elementary is in a rural part of the county (one classroom); AdamsvilleElementary is a Title I school in an urban area (two classrooms); and Kellerton Elementary is ina middle-class suburban area (two classrooms); all school names

Conference Session

Developing Infrastructure Professionals

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew K Swenty P.E., Virginia Military Institute; Kacie Caple D'Alessandro, Washington & Lee University; Ben Dymond, California State University, Sacramento

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

without removing established content. Theproject did not necessitate removal of other content because of its applicability to the entirecourse and not an individual topic. Furthermore, because the duration of the project lastedapproximately six weeks, students were capable of maintaining focus on new material whilecompleting the project outside of class.Data Collection and Student Surveys The scavenger hunt assignment has been implemented at two different universities(denoted Univ 1 and Univ 2 for data comparison). One is a small public, undergraduate collegein a rural area of the Mid-Atlantic region. The second university is a large, public university in adensely populated city on the West Coast. Two classes of Structural Analysis

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Charles J. Kim, Howard University; Mohamed F. Chouikha, Howard University; Dianna Newman, University at Albany - SUNY; Kathy Ann Gullie PhD, Evaluation Consortium: University at Albany - SUNY; Abdelnasser A. Eldek, Jackson State University; Satinderpaul S. Devgan P.E., Tennessee State University; Ali Reza Osareh, NC A&T State University; John Okyere Attia P.E., Prairie View A&M University; Saleh Zein-Sabatto, Tennessee State University; Demetris L. Geddis, Norfolk State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

Computer Engineering (ECE) department at MSU since August 1994 and currently serves as the Interim Associate Dean for Undergraduate Studies in the School of Engineering. Dr. Astatke is the winner of the 2013 American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) ”National Outstanding Teaching Award,” and the 2012 ASEE Mid-Atlantic Region ”Distinguished Teacher” Award. He teaches courses in both analog and digital electronic circuit design and instrumentation, with a fo- cus on wireless communication. He has more than 15 years experience in the development and delivery of synchronous and asynchronous web-based course supplements for electrical engineering courses. Dr. Astatke played a leading role in the development and

Conference Session

New Areas of Ethical Inquiry

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kenneth Stafford Sands II, Florida Gulf Coast University; Annie R. Pearce, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Denise Rutledge Simmons P.E., University of Florida; Min Jae Suh, Sam Houston State University; Christine Marie Fiori, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Ethics

Quantitative Strand 1. Review Literature on Ethics 1. Develop Survey on How Ethics is Education Taught in Construction (HETC) 2. Review Curriculum Guides of 2. Select Sample and Administer Construction Programs Survey 3. Report Findings (throughout section) 3. Analyze and Report Survey Data Discussion (Interpretation of Results) Supplementary Review Discuss Review of Accreditation

Conference Session

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation Education Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anthony Joseph, Pace University

Tagged Divisions

Entrepreneurship & Engineering Innovation

Information Technology and Engineering at a mid-Atlantic university28. The aim was to assess students’ engineering entrepreneurship perceptions within the context of a virtual information technology enterprise. In executing the project design in the virtual environment, students were exposed to many different fundamental engineering concepts from such disciplines as computer engineering, computer science, and systems. Evaluation and assessment were done by means of a pre/post-survey. Stony Brook University’s inter-university Sensor Consortium for Medical and Sensor Systems central purpose was to provide entrepreneurship education to engineering and other technical students through a senior design entrepreneurship course within the

Conference Session

The Best in DEED

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gina M Quan, University of Maryland, College Park; Chandra Anne Turpen, University of Maryland, College Park; Ayush Gupta, University of Maryland, College Park; Emilia Dewi Tanu, University of Maryland, College Park

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Design in Engineering Education

courses.While LA programs were initially developed for science and math courses, many LA programssupport LAs in a wide range of disciplines. This paper describes a pilot adaptation of the LAprogram for engineering design courses that we have developed at the University of Maryland,College Park Campus. All LAs assist in 14 separate sections of University of Maryland’sengineering design course for first-year undergraduate students. Our seminar integrates topicsfrom the discipline-general LA pedagogy seminar (cognitive science of learning, facilitation ofclassroom discourse, collaboration, metacognition) with topics especially relevant to engineeringdesign (design reviews, design thinking, expert-novice practices in engineering design,engineering

Conference Session

Session 8 - Track 2: Resistance to advocacy around hidden curriculum in engineering

Collection

2023 Collaborative Network for Computing and Engineering Diversity (CoNECD)

Authors

Victoria Beth Sellers, University of Florida; R. Jamaal Downey; Idalis Villanueva Alarcón, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

CoNECD Paper Sessions, Diversity

age 497 Graduate University Civil 18-29 Male No No White Student in Mid- Engineering years Atlantic of age 65 Graduate University Civil 18-29 Male No Yes White Student in Engineering years Southwest of age 20 Graduate University Manufacturing 18-29 Prefer No No Other- Student not listed Engineering years not to Kekistani of age say 449 Undergraduate University

Conference Session

Women in Engineering Division Technical Session 9

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rohini N. Abhyankar, Arizona State University; Samantha Ruth Brunhaver, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Women in Engineering

engineers are mostly likely tohave this attitude in the results section.MethodsThis section describes our process for classifying engineers according to their acculturationattitudes, as determined by their acculturation preferences, and exploring differences in theseattitudes based on their personal and job characteristics.Participants: Data for this study was collected as part of a larger research project administered inFall 2019 [46]. Nearly twelve thousand alumni who earned engineering degrees from a large,public university in the southwestern U.S. within the past 15 years were invited to participate inan online survey via an initial invitation email and two reminder emails sent over the course of atwo-week period. All participants had the

Conference Session

Bring Your Own Experiment: Experimentation and Laboratory-oriented Studies

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Yanjun Yan, Western Carolina University; Robert D. Adams, Western Carolina University; Paul M. Yanik, Western Carolina University; Hugh Jack, Western Carolina University; Andrew Ritenour, Western Carolina University; Hayrettin B. Karayaka, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Experimentation and Laboratory-Oriented Studies

Conference Session

Electrical and Computer Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna Newman, University at Albany - SUNY; Kathy Ann Gullie PhD, Evaluation Consortium University at Albany - SUNY; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Mohamed F. Chouikha, Howard University; Charles J. Kim, Howard University; Otsebele E. Nare, Hampton University; John Okyere Attia P.E., Prairie View A&M University; Petru Andrei, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Lisa D. Hobson, Prairie View A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

,” and the 2012 ASEE Mid-Atlantic Region ”Distinguished Teacher” Award. He teaches courses in both analog and digital electronic circuit design and instrumentation, with a fo- cus on wireless communication. He has more than 15 years experience in the development and delivery of synchronous and asynchronous web-based course supplements for electrical engineering courses. Dr. Astatke played a leading role in the development and implementation of the first completely online un- dergraduate ECE program in the State of Maryland. He has published over 50 papers and presented his research work at regional, national and international conferences. He also runs several exciting summer camps geared towards middle school, high

Conference Session

New Trends in ECE Education I

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth A. Connor, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute; Dianna Newman, University at Albany/SUNY; Kathy Ann Gullie Ph.D., Evaluation Consortium University at Albany/SUNY; Yacob Astatke, Morgan State University; Charles J. Kim, Howard University; John Okyere Attia P.E., Prairie View A&M University; Petru Andrei, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Mandoye Ndoye, Tuskegee University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Electrical and Computer

) ”National Outstanding Teaching Award,” and the 2012 ASEE Mid-Atlantic Region ”Distinguished Teacher” Award. He teaches courses in both analog and digital electronic circuit design and instrumentation, with a fo- cus on wireless communication. He has more than 15 years experience in the development and delivery of synchronous and asynchronous web-based course supplements for electrical engineering courses. Dr. Astatke played a leading role in the development and implementation of the first completely online un- dergraduate ECE program in the State of Maryland. He has published over 50 papers and presented his research work at regional, national and international conferences. He also runs several exciting summer camps

Conference Session

Measurement and Instrumentation

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brian J. Novoselich, Virginia Tech; David B Knight, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

approach, the instrument must be adapted to a round-robin formatwhich is discussed below.Data and MethodsSample and Data CollectionData for this study were drawn from a total of 435 mechanical engineering capstone designstudents at a large, mid-Atlantic engineering research institution (n=203) as well as a smallernortheastern military focused engineering college (n=22). These responses represent 56.7% and25.5% of the course enrollments, respectively. The data were collected in a combination of paperwith online follow-up and online only survey formats at the midpoint of their year-long teamingexperience. Questions stemmed from the MLQ Form 5X,12 adapted for round-robin data collectionwhere each team member rated each of their teammates and faculty

Conference Session

Integrating Experiential Learning into the Curriculum

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark J. Povinelli, Syracuse University; Jonnell A. Robinson, Syracuse University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

system. We conclude the paper with a discussion about the opportunities and challenges ofuniversity-community partnerships, experiential learning and cross-disciplinary collaborativeteaching.Aging Wastewater InfrastructureSyracuse, New York is one of many cities in the United States with aging water infrastructurethat is need of replacement or significant repair. In fact, the American Society of Civil EngineersInfrastructure Report Card assigns a grade of ‘D+’ to the country’s wastewater system [22].Most of Syracuse’s water and sewer infrastructure was built in the early 1900s withmodifications over the years to meet increased demand by Syracuse's mid-century expandingpopulation. Most of these modifications included sewers that are combined

Conference Session

Broadening Participation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine M. Cunningham, Museum of Science, Boston; Cathy P. Lachapelle, Museum of Science, Boston

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

social and societalconnections with engineering and science—the place of engineering and science in developmentof knowledge and technology, the roles of engineers and scientists in driving theory-building andtechnological change, and the effects of these disciplines on all aspects of modern life—increasesinterest and motivation of students to drive their own learning and achievement [2].In this section we introduce three design principles that contribute to greater interest andmotivation for all students, but particularly groups who are underrepresented in engineering: (1)using narratives to develop and motivate students’ understanding of the place of engineering inthe world; (2) demonstrating how engineering helps people, animals, and/or

Conference Session

Secondary (6-12) Outreach

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christine Schnittka, Auburn University; Michael A Evans, Virginia Tech ; Tiffany Drape, Virginia Tech; Samantha Gwai Lan Won, Virginia Tech

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

oftheir designs. Page 23.876.3The studio model places emphasis on: (a) a content-rich curriculum that links youth to theirenvironment, (b) support and scaffolded discussions with mentors (site leaders and facilitators),and (c) an online network that supports the creation and maintenance of relationships amongprogram participants. The informal character of this program allows youth the freedom toexplore and self-identify with STEM topics.MethodParticipantsYouth in three after-school programs at middle schools in a rural, impoverished, mountainousregion of a mid-Atlantic state were asked to participate in the project. The site leaders explainedthe

Collection

2001 Annual Conference

Authors

Vijay Arora; Lorenzo Faraone

consistent with values of society.✔ Generating and evaluating alternatives.✔ Communicating ideas to peers and public-at-large.✔ Using resources effectively (enhancing production capability PC) and efficiently (enhancing production P). PC/P balance is a must to derive optimal benefits.In the next section, we discuss how a human brain can turn into an entrepreneurship savvy oneby following a model proposed by Ned Hermann and extensively discussed by Lumsdaines.2 Proceedings of the 2001 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference & Exposition Page 6.1.9 Copyright©2001, American Society for Engineering

Collection

1998 Annual Conference

Authors

Narayanan Komerath

decide that engineering is not for them. A greater fraction, being goodat anything they do, find themselves following their classmates, the majority of whom areenrolled in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering. They hear too often that these disciplines aremuch more “general” than A.E., and that A.E. is “too hard”. These superstitions are general, bothworldwide and through the decades. In the mid-90s, attrition rates climbed as bad news keptpouring in from the traditional employers of A.Es.Getting into TroubleThe Introduction to Aerospace Engineering course has existed for a long time, intermittently. Itsadvocates pointed to the perspective and motivation it provided; its detractors called it an “easy-A” waste of a good 3 credit hours on PR

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division (ENVIRON) Technical Session 4 - Engineering for One Planet & Sustainability Innovation

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mackenzie Booth, Cedarville University; David Brian Dittenber P.E., Cedarville University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering Division (ENVIRON)

LeTourneau University in the mid-2010s. That project provided junior-level environmental engineering students the opportunity toconstruct and operate pilot-scale water treatment plants. Water was retrieved from a local riverand students were initially provided 55 gallons to treat. Groups of 3-4 students designed, built,and tested a system that produced a volume of 35 gallons of potable water within 48 hours andmet water quality testing of alkalinity, pH, solids, conductivity, turbidity, and bacterial growthaccording to TAC 290. The plant operations were permitted to be a combination of batch andcontinuous flow. Initial ImplementationThe environmental engineering course in this study was first taught at Cedarville University inFall 2020 as a

Conference Session

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI) Technical Session 10

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret Webb, Virginia Tech Department of Engineering Education; Xiaoqi Feng, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Hanna Aarnio, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Julia Sundman, School of Engineering, Aalto University, Espoo, Finland; Felicity Bilow, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Maija Taka, Aalto University; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Marko Keskinen, Aalto-yliopisto/Elektroniikan, tietoliikenteen

Tagged Divisions

Multidisciplinary Engineering Division (MULTI)

following: RQ 1. How do graduate engineering and design students commonly conceptualize interdisciplinary education across two universities? RQ 2. What are the variations in students’ conceptualizations of interdisciplinary education across the two universities?MethodsStudy BackgroundStudy Site 1: A United States UniversityOur first project site was an interdisciplinary graduate program (referred to as the IDR Programfrom here) funded through the National Science Foundation (NSF) Research Traineeshipprogram at a large land-grant university in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States. As theNSF website states, “The NSF Research Traineeship (NRT) Program is designed to encouragethe development and

Collection

2023 CIEC

Authors

Marilyn Dyrud

continued to Halloween Sunday. The inversion trapped “a mass of warm, stagnant air . . . .The pollutants in the air mixed with fog to form a thick, yellowish, acrid smog that inhibited thenormal process where the sun would burn off the fog” [31]. On Tuesday and Wednesday, fewnoticed the different quality of this fog, as residents had become accustomed to breathing fetidair and were used to driving mid-day with car headlights on. By Thursday, however, the airturned a sickly yellow and noticeably more viscous. Standing at the corner of Seventh Street andMcKean, attorney Arnold Hirsh watched smoke billowing from a train on the railroad tracksbelow. The plume ascended for six feet and then simply stopped, as if held in place by aninvisible barrier. As