Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehdi Shadaram, University of Texas, San Antonio; Thomas B. Morrow, University of Texas, San Antonio; C. Mauli Agrawal, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

published more than 100 articles in refereed journals and conference proceedings. He has been either PI or Co-PI for numerous grants and contracts, totaling more than $10 million in the past 15 years. NASA, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Na- tional Science Foundation, Office of Naval Research, Department of Defense, Department of Education, Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board, Texas Instruments, and Lucent Technologies have funded his research projects. He is the recipient of the excellence in engineering research award at the College of Engineering at UTSA in 2010, the best teacher award in the College of Engineering at UTEP in 1994, and the NASA monetary award for contribution to the space exploration. He has been

Conference Session

Topics Related to Assessments and Outcomes

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Helbling, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; David Lanning, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Ron Madler, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Darin Marriott, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Karl Siebold, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

often lukewarm because students wanted to havemore professional-related information. During the Fall of 2006, the instructors for this courseintroduced tours of the new facilities and selected a team-based design/build/compete project asa way to provide more focus on engineering. The new building and other additions to our labfacilities made for an impressive introduction for our students. Students commented that theyreally enjoyed seeing demonstrations of some of the equipment and wanted to see furtherdemonstrations. In the end-of-semester course evaluation, the lab tours and demos were the onlypart of the course that the students were unanimously in favor of.For the design/build/compete project, students utilized the new senior design

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kuldeep S Rawat, Elizabeth City State University; Ellis Eugene Lawrence, Elizabeth City State University; Robin Renee Mangham, Elizabeth City State University; Orestes Devino Gooden, Elizabeth City State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

pursuing postsecondaryeducation, and prepare for high-demand careers [11]. Several factors are associated withstudents’ continued participation in STEM disciplines, and ultimately, their pursuit of STEMcareers. An important factor is student interest in STEM. Research indicates that hands-on,inquiry-based activities delivered in informal environments are key factors in helping to developcritical thinking skills and play a significant role in increasing students’ interest and engagementin STEM and the likelihood that they will consider science-related occupations [12].The engineering-focused STEM Academy project is a partnership between an institution ofhigher learning, school districts, state agencies, private foundations, and other STEM

Conference Session

STEM Education Tied to Aerospace Engineering

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hansel Burley, Texas Tech University; Casey Michael Williams, Texas Tech University; Terrance Denard Youngblood, Texas Tech University; Ibrahim H. Yeter, Texas Tech University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, he was a recipient of the Texas Tech University President’s Excellence in Diversity & Equity award in 2014 and was the only graduate student to have received the award, which was granted based on outstanding activities and projects that contribute to a better understanding of equity and diversity issues within Engineering Education. Additional projects involvement include: Engineering is Elementary (EiE) Project; Computational Think- ing/Pedagogy Project; Rocket Project of SystemsGo; World MOON Project; East Lubbock Promise Neighborhood (ELPN) Project; and Robotics. Since 2013 he has served as the president of the Nu Sigma chapter of Kappa Delta Pi: International Honor Society in Education and was the founding

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Van Treuren, Baylor University; Daniel Kirk, Florida Institute of Technology; Tein-min Tan, Drexel University; Sridhar Santhanam, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

participant definitelyenhance teaching at home institutions. The individual final report was written and presented tokey personnel of the Boeing administration at the end of the summer program.Another requirement of the program was to accomplish a group research project, from a listproposed by the Boeing leadership, on a specific topic of concern to Boeing. The topic chosenby the authors was to examine the state of the engineering education pipeline and offer advice toBoeing on how to become an integral element in the cultivation and development of emergingengineering talent. The group project was accomplished as a team, even though the teammembers were sited at different locations. This collaborative project was written as a final reportand also

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathy Schmidt Jackson, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Mark D. Maughmer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park; Benjamin T. Pipenberg, The Pennsylvania State University; Nicholas Jared Grasser, The Pennsylvania State University; Stephen Van Wert, The Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

and enriching experiences, aerospaceengineering students at Penn State University have been provided the opportunity to fly radio-controlled airplanes in a special projects class. This class is unique in that students are generallyenrolled in it from their first-year through graduation and normally take it every semester duringtheir undergraduate programs. This paper describes the benefit of flying radio-controlled aircrafton improving the understanding of certain aerospace engineering concepts. In order to get abetter insight into the impact of this activity, students responded to a survey to gauge how theyperceived the use of the airplanes and to see how their thinking about aerodynamics changed.With an emphasis on hands-on and applied

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nadir Yilmaz P.E., New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Kyle Jeffrey Benalil, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology; Francisco Martín Vigil, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

satisfactoryatomization [5]. However, if biodiesel is blended with jet fuel, kerosene or diesel, fuel preheatmay not be necessary because of the overall low viscosity of the blended fuel. In this work, amicro gas turbine was operated on jet-A and kerosene as baseline fuels. Then, the fuels weremixed with 20 % of biodiesel and the blended fuels were evaluated in the micro-turbine in termsof performance and emissions characteristics. This project was done as part of a courseassignment and eventually became a successful experiment to integrate alternative energy andturbine research in an undergraduate classroom in aerospace engineering.Experimental Methods in Aerospace Engineering The Mechanical Engineering Department at the New Mexico Institute of Mining

Conference Session

Teaching Methodology & Assessment 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Amelia Greig, University of Texas at El Paso

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

developed. Thelearning is deductive only and provides no context for students on why they are learning thematerial or how it will apply to their future engineering careers [1]. Many pedagogical tools thataim to establish connections between the engineering curriculum and industry practices havebeen investigated and implemented with varying degrees of success, such as project basedlearning (PBL) [2,3] competency based learning (CBL) [4], and inductive teaching [1]. However,adjustments to the curriculum to support these alternate pedagogical tools may still overlook theformat of the corresponding assessment items. Assessment techniques that have not beendesigned specifically to complement the course remain in a generic format that is only relevantto

Conference Session

Teaching Topics in Aircraft Manufacturing

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Sterkenburg, Purdue University; Sergey Dubikovsky, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

to design aircraft and aircraft parts. The authors of this paper haveincorporated a new project in the AT166 Aircraft Materials II course to reinforce the knowledgegained in the introductory course and to apply this new skill set to design, and manufacture analuminum alloy formed wing rib using CNC equipment and conventional sheet metal equipment.For this project students select a wing airfoil using commercial available software based onassigned parameters like gross weight, cruise speed and stall speed. An airfoil for a small pistonpowered experimental aircraft is selected with a maximum gross weight of 500 pounds, cruisespeed of 150 mph, and a stall speed of 50 mph. Airfoil optimizer software is used to downloadthe drawings of the selected

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Nelson, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

projects and includes projects from underwater to space and everything in between. One of those projects is our high altitude balloon program which I have been working with the students with for for the last 8 years. We have been using high altitude Balloons as a low cost vehicle for our students to learn more about science and engineering and to give them real world problems to solve. In addition to my duties at Iowa State University I also serve as the President of the Stratospheric Bal- looning Association. This organization aims to promote, educate and encourage collaboration for high altitude balloon projects

Conference Session

Space Systems Design

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Albert Soto, Texas A&M University; Daniel Brown, Cornell University; Mason Peck, Cornell University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

AllianceSummer Research Early Identification Program and has conducted this research with the otherauthors and student groups at Cornell. This project has been a successful fusion of research withUndergraduate-, Masters-, and PhD-level students.Operating Principles, Theory, and MotivationActuator Design An actuator is an object which induces motion onto another connected object. A drivedesign is the specific design of the actuator. CMGs and joint motors are both actuators. Becauseof their space-flight histories, they are the focus of this project. Direct drives are the conventional actuators for robotic arm joints in space due to theirextensive use on Earth-bound robots. Joint motors are simple in concept and design, socontrolling and

Conference Session

Aerospace Workspace: Current and Future 1

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Anderson, Oregon Institute of Technology; Sergey Dubikovsky, Purdue University; Ronald Way, El Camino College; Bradley Harriger, Purdue University; Buford Pringle, Butler Community College; Scott Schaffer, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

easier and more uniform throughout aerospace schools. It is clear thata tradeoff exits: too much modularization suggests lack of cohesion; the reverse suggests lack offlexibility. The modules’ development is still in the formative stages with a focus on validatingthem within a variety of academic contexts. The next phase of activity may involve movementtoward certification which would require more curricular cohesion and moving beyond pre-postcriterion-referenced testing to standardized tests.IntroductionThis work is being funded by a National Science Foundation grant entitled “AdvancedAerospace Manufacturing Education Project” (NSF Award #0603221).The aerospacemanufacturing industry is undergoing radical change .These changes are being driven

Conference Session

Hands-On Activities and Student Learning in Aerospace Engineering - I - Student Papers

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Stroud; Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

School LevelAbstractFor Institution, STEM education at a high school level and enrollment of a diverse population ofstudents have long been priorities. The aerospace engineering department at Institution hasimplemented programs to address those priorities within the discipline itself. Camp SOAR, aweek-long summer STEM camp for high school students interested in aerospace engineering,seeks to introduce aerospace concepts in an accessible way while providing hands-on buildingand learning experience to students. High school students are instructed in key engineeringconcepts and aerospace engineering fundamentals, which they then apply to a major project thatthey test in a competition at the end of the week. In addition, a new diversity initiative

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marty Mathews Jr., University of Wisconsin, Platteville; Antonette T. Cummings P.E., University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

engineering student’s education in managing uncertainty in designdecisions. Our proposition is that while engineering education has advocated designmethodologies that indirectly address uncertainty and teamwork, such as the human-centereddesign approach [12, 13] and project-based service learning [14, 15], we may find a more directapproach to design, uncertainty, and teamwork outside of the engineering discipline.Research Methodology and Description of DataWe employ constructivism as the theoretical framework to explore our research question.Typically in constructivism, we consider the foundational questions “How have the people in thissetting constructed reality? What are their reported perception, ‘truths’, explanations, beliefs, andworld-view

Conference Session

Preparing the Future Workforce in Aerospace

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology; Marilyn Smith, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

program, and thefindings from the numerous seminar summaries developed by the scholarsThe original CSEMS program was set up as a Congressional condition for expanding the H-1Bvisa program. It sought to address the shortage of qualified people going into technologicalcareers in the US. NSF provides the funds as a lump sum grant for 4 years, to be distributed at$100K per year. As the CSEMS program’s continuation under Congressional mandate appeareddoubtful in 2004, our project was renewed early, with the new program’s official start date beingJanuary 2005. Funds from the new project were first used in Fall 2005, so that this is the end ofthe second year of its operation. The original parameters of the program were that1. Recipients had to be

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terry Allen Michmerhuizen, College of Aviation, Western Michigan University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

“Airworthy” is that the item “conforms to approved type design, and is incondition for safe operation.” (3) The first part of that definition is objective, and the second partis subjective. Since aviation maintenance is primarily based upon following proceduresestablished by the manufacturer of the product, most laboratory projects tend to be objective innature. The student either accomplishes the task in accordance with the maintenance instructionsprovided by the manufacturer or not. Although this effort is partially based upon the FAAspecified levels of proficiency, projects should also include grey areas where the student mustinspect and analyze a condition, and determine whether or not the product can be “Returned toService” with no additional

Conference Session

Aerospace Teaching and Learning I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hadi Ali, Purdue University; Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

engineering education research and practice. Page 22.1537.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Towards More Effective Teaching Strategies of Iteration and Systems Management in Spacecraft Design ABSTRACT We propose effective teaching strategies to help teams of students in spacecraft design projects in the first or second semester in the sophomore year in the aerospace engineering curriculum move from being “beginning designers” to being “informed designers.” The focus here is on one dimension in the

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chadia A. Aji, Tuskegee University; M. Javed Khan, Tuskegee University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Paper ID #8228Using a UAV to Teach Undergraduates Math and Aircraft PerformanceDr. Chadia Affane Aji, Tuskegee University Dr. Chadia Affane Aji is an associate professor in the Department of Mathematics in the College of Arts and Sciences at Tuskegee University. Dr. Aji’s research interests lie in the areas of numerical analysis, computational applied mathematics, nonlinear partial differential equations, complex analysis, and on improving student learning in undergraduate mathematics courses. Dr. Aji has been a principle investigator or co-principle investigator on numerous interesting and engaging NSF projects. Dr. Aji

Conference Session

Undergraduate Aerospace Design – General Topics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karl Siebold, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; James Helbling, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Darin Marriott, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Mischa Kim, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

hardware interfacesstudents will have a coherent reinforcement of concepts in order to improve theircomputing skills while at the same time strengthening their grasp of thefundamentals.Introduction During the Program/Project Life Cycle of any sophisticated andfinancially demanding project, simulation plays a dominant role not only in thedevelopment, but also in the operations/maintenance phases. However, in order tointelligently make use of the multitude of simulation products available one has toachieve a fundamental understanding of the driving concepts of simulation, whichis numerical integration. For this purpose a curriculum timeline has beendeveloped at Embry Riddle Aeronautical University, which tries to parallelNASA’s Program

Conference Session

Undergraduate Aerospace Design – General Topics

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles Eastlake, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University; Magdy Attia, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

students and employers. The first author is currently teaching thefirst of these two courses, Aircraft Preliminary Design, AE420. In this course a booklet ofhandouts describes the overall course format and the 16 deliverable tasks. This 30-pagedocument has evolved over the 28 years that the author has taught this course and serves as areasonable representation of the traditional aircraft design process, or “current state” process.In more detail so that process diagrams are understandable to readers of this paper, the currentstate is defined by a Statement of Work which defines project requirements, design specificationsfor the semester, grading criteria, deliverables required (six design review written reports, twooral presentations, five quizzes

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Dischino, Central Connecticut State University; Nidal Al-Masoud, Central Connecticut State University; Peter Baumann, Central Connecticut State University; Viatcheslav Naoumov, Central Connecticut State University; Zdzislaw Kremens, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

improve the outcome of tendon injuries through engineering. As a graduate student, Dr. Dischino became heavily involved in educational outreach work with inner-city public school students in Philadelphia. It was through this work that she realized her passion for teaching technology and engineering concepts at all levels and encouraging students to achieve their full potential in these fields. She is currently a member of the American Society of Engineering Education, the International Technology Education Association and the Association for Science Teacher Education, as well as a Champion Board Member of the Connecticut branch of the National Girls Collaborative Project and Board

Conference Session

Aerospace Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter J. Schubert, IUPUI; Steven Anthony Zusack

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

questionwere pleasing to see. None of the students involved had participated in a balloon-launch Page 23.665.8experiment prior. Because of this, it was expected that most students would be affected by theproject. The results regarding influence on course selection were also expected. Because of how  new the SEDS team was at the time of the experiment, it was necessary to create a non-technically intensive project. This means there would not be any specific coursework necessaryto have to succeed in executing or understanding what was going on. As the group grows, moretechnically advanced projects may become possible with using subgroups of specific

Conference Session

Efficient Authenticity: Modeling, Labs, Real-World Applications in Aerospace

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Muhammad Omar Memon, University of Dayton; Dathan Erdahl Ph.D., University of Dayton Research Institute; Saad Riffat Qureshi, University of Dayton

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

material.These methods greatly enlarged the learning platform of the class. Assessment of the lectureassignments was uniquely based on active participation by the students, including the learningprocess, delivery of the assigned content, and students’ ability to keep the audience engaged.Class performance through projects and homework assignments revealed that students enhancedtheir knowledge of aircraft stability and control through flight simulator experience, iterativehomework assignments, and by preparing and presenting assigned lectures. Reflections from thestudents showed that they greatly benefitted from the intuitive theoretical learning through theuse of flight simulator.Introduction In the field of engineering, development of both

Conference Session

Innovations in Aero Curriculum and Program Level Administration

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sidaard Gunasekaran, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

University of Dayton such as student-centered learning, active learning, co-teaching,problem/project based learning, entrepreneurial mindset learning, flipped classroom, etc.,are largely focused on undergraduate classes but not in graduate classes comparatively. Thispaper documents a teaching model where the homework, projects, activities, lectures andindependent studies are all integrated on a single platform (portfolio) in an endeavor tomotivate graduate students to practice sustainable learning (long-term learning) andpromote critical thinking skills. The author implemented this model for the first time in agraduate compressible flow aerodynamics class with the “portfolio” as a platform ofintegration. The paper also discusses the application of

Conference Session

Efficient Authenticity: Modeling, Labs, Real-World Applications in Aerospace

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary E. Johnson, Purdue University, West Lafayette (College of Engineering); Xun Zhao, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

. This paper focuses onincorporating project based, analysis oriented exercises in undergraduate courses where theexercises use public data. These exercises are intended to hone students’ analytical skills andinspire students to learn by using aviation data in the exercises.Data retrieving and information collecting are critical skills for aerospace engineeringtechnology or aviation technology students to practice and expand. While learning and masteringstatistical tools and aviation technical knowledge, this paper proposes that students would benefitfrom projects that use real life data specific to their major, which in this case is aviation related.Access to a vast array of aviation data may be found in two ways: through University

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adeel Khalid, Southern Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

learnt more from doingprojects in undergraduate aerospace analysis and design class than anything else. Project basedlearning begins with an assignment to carry out one or more tasks that leads to the production ofa final product. The final product could be a design, a model, a device or a computer simulation.The work done on the project is normally presented in the class and a written report is submitted.Students are required to summarize the procedure used to produce the product and represent theoutput. There are usually two projects given in the class. The first project is defined by theinstructor, which helps maintain a focus on course and curriculum objectives. In the secondproject, students are allowed to pick their own topic, which gives

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven H. Collicott, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

, one consisting of Purdue undergraduate students in Aeronautics and Astronautics at the vertical launch facility of New Mexico Spaceport America. The blue hats celebrate this launch as the first FAA licensed commercial sub-orbital rocket launch from New Mexico Spaceport America, October 6, 2012.are driven by the professor’s research interests. Thus, the author and the author’s institutionhave created a long-running undergraduate project (design-build-test, hands-on, experiential,etc.) class to maximize the benefits that our students can obtain from participating in real-worldoff-campus aerospace projects and competitions. The latest addition to the opportunities in thisclass is student-built experiments for commercial sub-orbital rocket

Conference Session

Design Courses 2, Aerospace Assets

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Richard Melnyk, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

between the Naval Postgraduate School,the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) and the Georgia Tech ResearchInstitute (GTRI) to better understand swarming UAVs. [8] The article describes the advantagesof collaboration between the military, and academia to advance the state of unmanned swarmingtechnology.Another example is the robust UAS program at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. This is oneof ten locations designated by the FAA to spearhead specific technologies related to UAS,according to Hatfield, et.al.[1] The program is able to advance beyond visual line of sighttechnology, which is critical if UAS are eventually able to operate beyond a very small area nearthe operator or with multiple operators able to observe the air

Conference Session

Aerospace Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jonathan Michael Mercado; Dale C Rowe, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

hypothetical, and tangible project architectures, and compare this totraditional approaches. As a final note we suggest that all industries in engineering andtechnology would benefit greatly from this cross-discipline approach to evaluating cyber-securityearly within the educational process.IntroductionAs we advance in the information age we are increasingly aware of the threat that cyber-terrorists pose to United States government and military networks around the world. In the past,information technology did little more for the government than to aid government offices inadministrative tasks, but has now become a critical part of military operations globally. The U.S.military cyberspace infrastructure is made up of tens of thousands of networks and

Conference Session

Aerospace Technical Session

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Edwin Alexander Peraza Hernandez, Texas A&M University; Kaushik Das, Texas A&M University, College Station; Dimitris C. Lagoudas P.E., Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Aerospace

Society for Engineering Education, 2012a Fellow of ASME. He was selected as an SES Fellow in 2009. He served as an Associate Vice Presidentfor Research for Texas A&M University from 2001-2004, and as the First Chair of the Materials Scienceand Engineering Program at TAMU from 2001-2003. Page 25.926.2 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Mechanical Characterization of Sn and Shape Memory Alloy InTl Nanowires as Part of an Undergraduate Research ExperienceAbstractThis paper provides a description of an undergraduate student’s summer project and an analysisof his overall learning and research