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Work-in-Progress: An Analysis of the Effect of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Students' Learning Experiences on Career Pathways

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2 - Student Papers 1
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Lani McGuire, The Ohio State University; Benjamin Ahn, The Ohio State University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

Paper ID #48256Work-in-Progress: An Analysis of the Effect of Mechanical and AerospaceEngineering Students’ Learning Experiences on Career PathwaysLani McGuire, The Ohio State University Lani McGuire is a first-year PhD student in Engineering Education at the Ohio State University. His research interests lie in exploring undergraduate and pre-college engineering student opportunities and experiences.Dr. Benjamin Ahn, The Ohio State University Dr. Benjamin Ahn is an Associate Professor at The Ohio State University in the Department of Engineering Education. ©American Society for Engineering

Relevance Score: 1.4424112

"Student Paper" Aerospace Ambassadors: The Impact of Undergraduate Engineering Outreach in Inspiring K-12 Students to Pursue Careers in STEM

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2 - Student Papers 1
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Alex Richard Duffy, The Pennsylvania State University; Edward C. Smith, Pennsylvania State University; Sarah Danielle Bock, Pennsylvania State University; Reed Ladewig, Pennsylvania State University; Adi Nagarajan, Pennsylvania State University; Samay Shingatwar, The Pennsylvania State University; Samantha Rae Coleman, Pennsylvania State University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

Paper ID #48860”Student Paper” Aerospace Ambassadors: The Impact of UndergraduateEngineering Outreach in Inspiring K-12 Students to Pursue Careers in STEMMr. Alex Richard Duffy, The Pennsylvania State University Alex Duffy is a current undergraduate student majoring in Aerospace Engineering at Penn State University. His research involves the creation of custom LEGO models that showcase vertical flight fundamentals. These models are used in educational demonstrations to inspire young students to become interested in engineering.Edward C. Smith, Pennsylvania State UniversityMiss Sarah Danielle Bock, Pennsylvania State

Relevance Score: 1.4424112

The Role of Education in Attracting Young People as the Next Generation of Aviators: The Differences between Women and Men Students

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 1
Collection: 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Ashley Habig, Purdue University ; Caroline K. Marete, Purdue University ; Debra Henneberry, Purdue University ; Cheng Wang, Minnesota State University, Mankato
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

Purdue University, West Lafayette IRB # 2024-143 Minnesota State University, Mankato IRB # 2177147Abstract Lack of awareness of aviation careers among younger generations and the continued maledominance of the aviation and aerospace industries have contributed to a complex workforceshortage. The lack of female representation at top decision-making positions (e.g. C-suiteholders), creates a dearth of role models for younger women interested in aviation and aerospaceprofessions, which may discourage them from pursuing careers in this field. By revitalizinginterest in aviation among the younger generation and embracing diversity, the

Relevance Score: 0.046645574

Reimagining Freshman-Level Introduction to Aviation Course in a Dynamic Aviation Landscape

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 5 - Pedagogy & Aviation
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Shantanu Gupta, Ph.D., Bowling Green State University; Jiansen Wang, University of Houston-Victoria; Mary E. Johnson Ph.D., Purdue University at West Lafayette (PPI)
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

framework for a freshman-level aviation course thatnot only connects the history of aviation and principles of flight to traditional fields, but alsoexposes students to a wider spectrum of career paths and emerging trends in aviation. In addition to historical milestones, the proposed course will introduce students to keysectors of the aviation industry such as airline operations, airport management, aircraftmaintenance, aviation consultancies, and uncrewed aerial systems (UAS). The curriculum willemphasize on understanding the interconnectedness of these fields, illustrating how theycontribute to the overall aviation ecosystem. Emerging technologies, including Advanced AirMobility (AAM), Artificial Intelligence (AI) in aviation, and

Relevance Score: 0.029885722

Design of an Aerospace Industry-Informed Technical Writing and Communication Course

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2
Collection: 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Glen Roderic Coates, Pennsylvania State University; Alyson G. Eggleston, Pennsylvania State University; Robert J. Rabb P.E., Pennsylvania State University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

response to noted gapsin early career engineers’ skillsets, documented for over two decades. At the same time, asadvisory boards saw improved representation from local industry leaders, individual institutionsaligned engineering program learning outcomes and curricula to address early career skill gaps inteam-based projects, improve multicultural fluency, and produce technical writing that isappropriate for supervisors, clients, subject matter experts, and community members.Historical changes to engineering communicationIn the last twenty years, expectations for improved Engineering Communication (EC) have risenas a consequence of the need for increased technological literacy, as reported by the NationalAcademy of Engineers and the National

Relevance Score: 0.02742502

Design and Implementation of Virtual Research Projects in Aerospace Engineering through a Virtual Summer Research Program

Conference Session: AERO 4: New Technologies and Strategic Applications
Collection: 2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

experience a true work environment before being thrust intothe workforce after graduation. A three-week virtual summer research internship (SRI) programwas offered in Summer 2021 to students at Texas A&M University-Kingsville and its nearbyuniversities and community colleges. The SRI program is designed as a mini-internship to provideacademic, professional, and career preparation to SRI participants. A total of 19 students wereselected as SRI participants in Summer 2021, who were divided into four teams. Four graduatestudents with research experience were selected as “SRI fellows” in the SRI program to assistfaculty advisors to provide research and career guidance to SRI participants. So, each teamcomprised five SRI participants, one SRI fellow

Relevance Score: 0.019193515

Developing an Aerospace Degree Program Responsive to Student Needs—If You Build It They Will Come

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2
Collection: 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Michael C. Hatfield, University of Alaska, Fairbanks; Denise Thorsen, University of Alaska, Fairbanks
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

University of Alaska Fairbanks (’99). As part of his joint appointment with UAF’s College of Engineering & Mines and Geophysical Institute, Dr Hatfield teaches courses in electrical and aerospace engineering, conducts UAS research in support of ACUASI, and participates in STEM outreach activities. In addition, Dr Hatfield administers UAF’s Aerospace Engineering Programs and serves as faculty advisor for the university’s student chapter of the American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics. Prior to joining UAF in 2013, Dr Hatfield was a US Air Force officer where he served in numerous capacities over a 28-year career. Dr Hatfield’s assignments included 2 tours teaching at the USAF Academy (Department of

Relevance Score: 0.01858404

Dissolving Interdisciplinary Barriers in STEM Curriculum Through Unconventional Hydrofoil Boat Educational Lab at the College Undergraduate Level

Conference Session: AERO 5: Student Success
Collection: 2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Kristi J. Shryock, Texas A&M University; Zachary Reinert, Texas A&M University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

participant who did not submit a post-survey. Figure 4. Pre/Post Survey Results for Career InterestsThe results seen in Figure 5 below display the answers to the second Likert Scale question in thepre- and post-surveys that asked students about their outlook on the limitations and career desiresassociated with pursuing a degree in aerospace engineering. This data reveals that the hydrofoilboat activity did not significantly change students’ perspectives on if an aerospace engineer’sintended career pursuit lies within the aeronautics/space sectors (red bar). However, the datareveals a shift from 32.5% (pre-survey) to 51±3% (post-survey) of students that agreed thataerospace engineering is more limiting than other engineering fields

Relevance Score: 0.018139945

Aerospace Lunar Lander System Design - A High School Student’s Independent Design Project

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 1
Collection: 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Adeel Khalid, Kennesaw State University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

senior faculty memberin the college of engineering. The student’s long-term career goal is to become an aerospaceengineer and work for a major national organization. The student undertook this study during thesummer between her junior and senior years of high school and continued into the following fallsemester while attending school full-time. She initially reached out to the faculty member andinquired about the possibility of doing research at the professor’s laboratory. Her motivation wasto design an engineering product that would provide an alternative solution to the existing lunarrover design concepts. She also wanted to learn the research process so she could prepare herselffor more advanced opportunities in the future. The student helped

Relevance Score: 0.017521203

A Sustainable Framework for Providing Early Exposure to Aviation Education

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 5 - Pedagogy & Aviation
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Jacob Joshua Shila, Bowling Green State University; Shantanu Gupta, Ph.D., Bowling Green State University; Catherine Smith, Bowling Green State University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

) operators.b) Goal #2: Initiate and conduct robust outreach regarding careers in commercial aviation as a professional aircraft pilot or unmanned system operator, including outreach to populations that are underrepresented in the aviation industry.Figure 1. Overview of the Proposed Project 2Objectives and ApproachThe proposed self-sustaining and affordable curriculum is designed to be implemented at highschools with an overall idea of preparing students to become aircraft and/or UAS operators. Toeffectively achieve the primary goals of the framework, the project is subdivided into three majorobjectives consisting of multiple operational tasks. This

Relevance Score: 0.017521203

Design and fabrication of Bioinspired UAS by Junior Engineering Students

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 3 - Student Papers 2
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Adeel Khalid, Kennesaw State University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

development, employsecholocation to map its surroundings, which it then uses to navigate and avoid obstacles duringflight. The students are responsible for designing the UAS, developing a mission profile, andconducting vehicle sizing. They select off-the-shelf components, create parametric models usingComputer-Aided Design (CAD) software, perform analyses based on these models, update thedesign, and utilize various fabrication methods, including 3D printing, to build and assemble thevehicle. Electronic components are then integrated into the system. The students involved in theproject are at different stages of their academic careers. The high school student gains new skillsin computer modeling, testing, integration, and flight, while the college

Relevance Score: 0.015331052

Student-centered success: Exploring student-led recruitment in an aerospace undergraduate research program

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 5 - Pedagogy & Aviation
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Karen Martinez Soto, Syracuse University; David Gray, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

initiative aligns with the broader benefits reported in theliterature for UREs.Unlike traditional UREs, this program integrates multiple high-impact practices that enhancestudent engagement, learning outcomes, and career preparedness. These practices include: • Industry Sponsorship and Mentorship: Students in the program benefit from direct collaboration with industry sponsors and mentors [1]. Students have aligned their projects with industry needs and priorities, providing students with the opportunity to work on critical, real-world problems. The program encourages the development of professional networks, enhancing students' collaboration and communication skills. • Vertically Integrated

Relevance Score: 0.015331052

Hands-On Aerospace Engineering – Learning By Doing: Rocketry

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 1 - Experiential Learning
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Michael C. Hatfield, University of Alaska Fairbanks; Denise Thorsen, University of Alaska Fairbanks
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

). As part of his joint appointment with UAF’s College of Engineering & Mines and Geophysical Institute, Dr Hatfield teaches courses in electrical and aerospace engineering, conducts UAS research in support of ACUASI, and participates in STEM outreach activities. In addition, Dr Hatfield administers UAF’s Aerospace Engineering Programs and serves as faculty advisor for the university’s student chapter of the American Institute of Aeronautics & Astronautics. Prior to joining UAF in 2013, Dr Hatfield was a US Air Force officer where he served in numerous capacities over a 28-year career. Dr Hatfield’s assignments included 2 tours teaching at the USAF Academy (Department of Astronautics, ’92-’96, ’99-’02) and

Relevance Score: 0.013851726

The Impact of Immersive Virtual Reality on Undergraduate STEM Students

Conference Session: AERO 3: Innovative Pedagogy and Hands-on Learning 2
Collection: 2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Chadia A. Aji, Tuskegee University; M. Javed Khan, Tuskegee University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

-related career. (a) (b) Figure 11. Comparison of % SA & A and % SD & D responses of math studentsA comparison of the student responses experiencing the VR-based lessons in a non-immersiveand immersive environment is shown in Fig. 12 and Fig. 13. It was observed that there was notmuch difference in the usability, engagement, and effectiveness dimensions between theaverages of students who experienced immersive and non-immersive lessons. The largestdifference in the average was for Q12 which pertained to providing a better overview of thecontent. The average of the responses to the impact dimension of the students experiencing theimmersive modality was 4.7, very close to strong agreement and

Relevance Score: 0.01371251

BOARD # 15: From Drones to Airplanes – Lessons Learned from Uncrewed Aviation for Teaching Innovative and Sustainable Electric Aviation Propulsion

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Poster Session
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Christian . Janke ., Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide; Yuetong Lin, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University - Worldwide; Ghazal Barari, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

the University of Arizona, Tucson, in 2005. He was with Indiana State University from 2005 to 2016, where he became associate professor of Electronics and Computer Engineering Technology. He joined Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Worldwide in 2016 as an associate professor in the School of Engineering (formerly Department of Engineering and Technology).Dr. Ghazal Barari, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Dr. Ghazal Barari received her Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Central Florida, where her research focused on combustion modeling of promising biofuels to identify suitable alternatives to fossil fuels. She began her academic career as a tenure-track faculty member at Embry-Riddle

Relevance Score: 0.01371251

Emulating NASA’s Structural Strength Test Procedures with the Centaur V-Upper Stage of the ULA Vulcan Rocket: Findings from a Student Internship at NASA Marshall

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 3 - Student Papers 2
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Taylor St. Fleur, Prairie View A&M University; Jianren Zhou, Prairie View A&M University; Minghui Xu, Clemson University; Yuhao Xu, Clemson University
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

in mechanical engineering is like. During the spring of her freshman year, the student wasendorsed to apply to the internship by one of her professors based on her dedication and merit inhis course. With an ultimate career goal to contribute to advancing technology and innovation,particularly in aerospace engineering, this was a stimulating endeavor she was willing to conquer.A total of 21 projects were presented to the student applicants, and Project 20, “Design andDevelop Test Equipment for Structural Test,” was chosen by her based on her academic andcareer goals in mechanical engineering. Upon being selected, the internship was executed usingfunding from the Department of Education (DOE) through the Minority Science and

Relevance Score: 0.013571864

A review on Deflector Cones Geometrical Characteristics for Lunar Landing Pads

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 3 - Student Papers 2
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Lukas Goodworth, Westmont College Engineering Department; Douglas Fontes, Westmont College
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

graduate education, and a future career inmechanical engineering and design. Sharing these findings highlights the potential forearly-stage research to contribute meaningfully to space exploration and innovation whileeffectively advancing STEM education and experiences at the college level.IntroductionExperiential learning opportunities that bridge the gap between classroom theory and real-worldapplication are essential for fostering effective education for a student of any discipline. In astudy by Alfaro [1], real-world experiences provide students with invaluable experiences throughhands-on projects that are not associated with a letter grade. This can foster skills in creativeproblem-solving, communication, efficient design processes, and an

Relevance Score: 0.013571864

Using a Systems Engineering-based Approach to Run a Large Project-based Program: Lessons Learned Over 12 Years of Education

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4
Collection: 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Matthew Erik Nelson, Iowa State University of Science and Technology; Christine Nicole Nelson; Mason Henry, Iowa State University of Science and Technology
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

many challenges. For instance, arocket project involves the collaboration of aerospace, mechanical, chemical, electrical, andcomputer engineering disciplines. As a result, students from diverse backgrounds and withdistinct career aspirations must collaborate to overcome the obstacles. This diversity fosters ateam-based and interdisciplinary learning approach that provides students with invaluable insightand skills beyond those learned in a typical classroom setting [7].Program PhilosophyAt Make to Innovate, we advocate for a practical learning experience emphasizing a hands-onapproach. Our students are motivated to tackle problems head-on and create innovative solutionsthat can be tested in real-world scenarios. Clear objectives are set for

Relevance Score: 0.013140902

Scaling an Aerospace Engineering Senior Design Program to Handle Increased Enrollment

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 2
Collection: 2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Kathryn Anne Wingate, University of Colorado Boulder; Marcus Holzinger, University of Colorado Boulder
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

understand the student perception of the course andhow it has changed over time. To this end, we strive to answer the following research questions: • Research Question 1: How does student sentiment change between the new course design vs the old course design. Where we define sentiment as students perceiving this class as a positive or negative experience in their undergraduate academic career. • Research Question 2: Is there a difference in self-reported student growth between the new course design vs. the old course design. One of the main learning goals of senior projects is for students to overcome a hard problem, or to experience a design failure but learn from the failure. We classify this as

Relevance Score: 0.013140902

Experience with the Development and Implementation of Online and Hands-on Rocketry Education and Outreach

Conference Session: AERO 1: Rocketry and Space Education
Collection: 2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: John Juhyun Kim, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Timothy Plomin, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign; Heather Ruth Arnett, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Luisa-Maria Rosu, I-STEM, (Illinois Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics) Education Initiative; Joshua Rovey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

Initiative. She has more than 20 years of STEM program evaluation experience. She received her Ph.D. in Continuing Teacher Education from the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and holds an M.A in Applied Mathematics from the University of Southern California and an M.S. in Real and Complex Analysis from the University of Bucharest, Romania. She received a CORE Early Career Fulbright U.S. scholar award for the proposal Investigations of Quality Criteria in STEM (Science Technology Engineering and Mathematics) Teacher Education and a YWCA leadership award for STEM education.Dr. Joshua Rovey, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Dr. Rovey is a Professor of Aerospace Engineering with background and expertise in

Relevance Score: 0.011995947

An Ontology-Based Reasoner in Aerospace Engineering Education

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 5 - Pedagogy & Aviation
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Waterloo Tsutsui, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Yinchien Huang, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE); Derek Carpenter, Purdue University; Jitesh H Panchal, Purdue University at West Lafayette (PWL) (COE); Daniel DeLaurentis, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

Technology. Dr. Panchal’s research interests are in (1) design at the interface of social and physical phenomena, (2) computational methods and tools for digital engineering, and (3) secure design and manufacturing. He is a recipient of CAREER award from the National Science Foundation (NSF); Young Engineer Award, Guest Associate Editor Award, and three best paper awards from ASME; and was recognized by the B.F.S. Schaefer Outstanding Young Faculty Scholar Award, the Ruth and Joel Spira Award, and as one of the Most Impactful Faculty Inventors at Purdue University. He received the Distinguished Alumni award from IIT Guwahati. He is a co-author of two books and has co-edited one book on engineering systems design. He has

Relevance Score: 0.011995947

Engaging Undergraduates in Research: A Hands-On, Practical Approach

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 1 - Experiential Learning
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Djedjiga Belfadel, Fairfield University; Danushka Bandara, Fairfield University
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

residency, students prepare and present research posters at a formal symposiumattended by faculty, peers, and members of the public. With over 150 attendees at the 2024 event, theprogram’s visibility and impact have grown significantly. By integrating practical research withtheoretical learning and professional development, the URSR equips students with the tools they need forfuture academic success and career readiness. 3. Educational SeminarsThe educational seminars in the 2024 URSR program are meticulously designed to address criticalaspects of research, equipping students with the foundational knowledge and skills required for success inacademia and beyond. Each session delves into a specific topic relevant to aspiring researchers

Relevance Score: 0.011875381

A Case Study Assessing Program Outcomes of an International Research Collaboration between the US and Germany: Developing Students as Global Engineers

Conference Session: AERO 2: Innovative Pedagogy and Hands-on Learning 1
Collection: 2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Zachary Stein, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University; Bonnie Swan, University of Central Florida (Program Evaluation and Educational Research); Seetha Raghavan, Embry Riddle Aeronautical University
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

moreinformed global citizen. Fig. 4 compiles a summary of responses the students had both pre-travel and how those same responseschanged post-travel after their 10 weeks abroad. A summary of the student’s perspectives of their global awareness regarding research within their fields for both pre-traveland post-travel is shown in Fig. 5. After their travel abroad, the IRES students felt that they had a better overall understanding of the global aspects of scientificresearch and how their topics are issues being worked out across the world. The students also felt more confident to conduct,work with, and present their research in an international setting.C. Professional Competency - Development and Career Impact The IRES students were asked both in

Relevance Score: 0.01175358

Work-in-Progress: Aerospace Engineering Faculty’s Perspective on the Writing SySTEM for Increasing Self-Efficacy of Graduate Student Writers

Conference Session: Aerospace Division (AERO) Technical Session 4 - Teaching Methodology
Collection: 2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition
Authors: Russell William Mailen, Auburn University; Jeffrey LaMondia, Auburn University; Sushil Adhikari P.E., Auburn University; Katharine H. Brown, Auburn University; Christopher Ryan Basgier, Auburn University; Jordan Harshman, Auburn University
Tagged Topics: Diversity
Tagged Divisions: Aerospace Division (AERO)

form of thesesand dissertations. Although these genres of writing have significant differences, they have acommonality in that they all utilize discipline-specific conventions, which are typically learnedinformally “along the way”. Students are expected to use their writing to demonstrate anunderstanding of the technical topic at hand and document their research results. This comes withthe added expectation that their writing provides sufficient detail so that the work can beevaluated and replicated by others. As students progress through their academic careers, manyrealize that the writing process can improve their understanding of a topic, as what might seemclear in their minds must be logically organized and presented on the page. This