Conference Session

Unique Student Opportunities in BME

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Linsenmeier, Northwestern University; Jean Alley, Vanderbilt University; Penny Hirsch, Northwestern University; Stacy Klein-Gardner; Julie Greenberg, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Mark Bourgeois, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

dissemination. This summer, the focus ison ultrasound and nuclear medicine imaging modalities. These materials cover the basicfundamentals, techniques, applications, and imaging features of each modality.Additionally, since the curriculum is designed for the high school level, it must beaffordable; the required materials for an experiment must not cost more than $25. Thetools and resources under development follow the format of the Legacy Cycle, achallenge-based instructional approach that supports the How People Learn framework.A grand challenge is introduced, and students research multiple perspectives and perform Page 13.128.10experiments in order to

Conference Session

Research in Biomedical Pedagogy

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David W. Gatchell PhD, Northwestern University; Robert A. Linsenmeier, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

previously been reported in an abbreviated form [2], and at conferences, but untilthe present publication, there was no archival record of this information to inform the BMEcommunity, or to serve as a baseline. In these data, we found that there was a set of courses taken by most biomedicalengineering students that could be regarded as a core of material. Recently, we have asked howthe findings of that work may have changed. Without the resources of the VaNTH ERC, wewere not able to undertake such a complete study again. Instead, to begin to assess the stabilityand uniformity of the curriculum, we have evaluated 16 programs, eight that were first accreditedbetween 1982 and 1987, and were therefore in our previous accredited sample, and eight

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rohit Bhargava, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Marcia Pool, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Andrew Michael Smith, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; P. Scott Carney, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois; Dipanjan Pan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Chemical Engineering and Polymer Science and Engineering) from the Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi in 1996 and his doctoral thesis work at Case Western Reserve University (Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering) was in the area of polymer spectroscopy. He then worked as a Research Fellow at the National Institutes of Health (2000-2005) in the area of biomedical vibrational spectroscopy. Rohit has been at Illinois since as Assistant Professor (2005-2011), Associate Professor (2011-2012) and Professor (2012-). Rohit was the first assistant professor hired into the new Bioengineering department and played a key role in the development of its curriculum and activities. He later founded and serves as

Conference Session

BME Assessment and the VaNTH ERC

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mary Verstraete, University of Akron

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

askfor input from the program faculty. A visual chart or “map” helps considerably in this processand may be completed initially for each course then for the entire curriculum. An example ispresented in Figure 3 for the course presented in Figure 1. The Program Outcomes a-k closelymatch the prescribed a-k in the ABET requirements with minor variations that make them more Page 12.1483.3specific to the Biomedical Engineering Program. It may be noted that this course only maps toProgram Outcomes a, b, c, f, and k. It is obvious that not every course will address or assessevery Program Outcome. The “Measured Score” column reflects the information

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey A. LaMack, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Charles S. Tritt, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

engineering tools and the ability to integrate knowledge from differentdisciplines.1,2 Undergraduate capstone design experiences are largely developed to provide asetting for the attainment of these skills, and many have demonstrated positive outcomes in theseareas.3,4 However, it remains a challenge to provide students with opportunities to hone theseskills, particularly those based in the highest levels of Bloom’s Taxonomy of synthesis andevaluation, elsewhere in the curriculum. The junior-level undergraduate biomedical engineeringlaboratory module described here attempts to do this by asking students to use three distinctengineering approaches toward a common problem in a multidisciplinary laboratory course.Multidisciplinary Laboratory Course

Conference Session

Innovative Laboratories in BME

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Markus Billeter, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) Zurich, Institute for Biomedical; Grace M. Nijm, Northwestern University; Bugrahan Yalvac, Northwestern University; Alan Sahakian, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Fellowship. She is currently pursuing her Ph.D. in ECE at Northwestern University.Bugrahan Yalvac, Northwestern University BUGRAHAN YALVAC is a postdoctoral fellow in assessment studies for the VaNTH ERC at Northwestern University. He holds B.S. degrees in Physics and Physics Education and an M.S. degree in Science Education from METU, Ankara. For his Ph.D. studies at Penn State, he majored in Curriculum and Instruction and minored in Science, Technology, and Society (STS).Alan Sahakian, Northwestern University ALAN V. SAHAKIAN earned the Ph.D. in ECE at the University of Wisconsin - Madison in 1984. Since then he has been at Northwestern University where he is currently Professor of BME and

Conference Session

Design in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jeffrey Thomas La Belle, Arizona State University; Aldin Malkoc, Arizona State University ; Mackenzie Honikel, Arizona State University, Biological and Health Systems Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

 Eng  Educ.   2012;101(2):187–219.    13.    Carr  RL,  Bennett  LD,  Strobel  J.  Engineering  in  the  K-­‐12  STEM  Standards  of   the  50  US  States:  An  Analysis  of  Presence  and  Extent.  J  Eng  Educ.   2012;101(3):539–564.    14.    McGrath  RG,  MacMillan  IC.  The  entrepreneurial  mindset:  Strategies  for   continuously  creating  opportunity  in  an  age  of  uncertainty.  Harvard   Business  Press;  2000.    15.    Bøhn  JH.  Integrating  rapid  prototyping  into  the  engineering  curriculum-­‐a   case  study.  Rapid  Prototyp  J.  1997;3(1):32–37.    16.    Bodnar  CA,  Anastasio  D,  Enszer  JA,  Burkey  DD.  Engineers  at  Play:  Games   as  Teaching  Tools  for

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer R. Amos, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Marcia Pool, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; Karin Jensen, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign; John Vozenilek

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

their choice of major, begin developing their professionalidentity, and begin defining their professional goals. To assist students in developing theirprofessional identity and behavior, an immersive, first-year experience with shadowingcomponents was developed to renovate the Introduction to Bioengineering course at theUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign. This type of experience is designed to exposestudents to the professional environment with a didactic and self-reflective curriculum, therebysupporting students in their early professional development. The class was taken from a passiveseminar series that broadly covered the bioengineering field to one split into three career-centered foci, each with an overview and experience: i

Conference Session

Innovative Laboratories in BME

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Tranquillo

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

of information is sacrificed for quality and depth of learning. 4) The Bucknell Biomedical Engineering Program teaches a number of small classes in an integrated lab/lecture format. It is expected to be more challenging to translate this progression to courses with large enrollments and specified lab times. 5) Preparing students to design a project in three weeks is difficult. Page 11.1056.5Addressing the Challenges:Although not all of the challenges above can be addressed, there are some generalguidelines that were found to be helpful: 1) Letting students know up front what they will be doing, and

Conference Session

Laboratories and Projects in BME

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John D. Gassert, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Jeffrey A. Lamack, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Olga Imas, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Fennigkoh, Milwaukee School of Engineering; NE Schlick, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Charles S. Tritt, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Ron Gerrits, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Page 22.404.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011Ron J. Gerrits, Ph.D.Ron Gerrits is currently an Associate Professor of Biomedical Engineering, and Academic Program Di-rector of the Master’s of Science in Perfusion program at the Milwaukee School of Engineering. He holdsa B.S. in Biomedical Engineering from the Milwaukee School of Engineering (1994) and a Ph.D. in Phys-iology from the Medical College of Wisconsin (1999). He most commonly teaches health science coursesfor nursing, perfusion and biomedical engineering students. Professional interests focus on science ed-ucation and he currently serves as the chairperson of the Curriculum and Instruction Committee of theHuman Anatomy and Physiology

Conference Session

Development of Technical and Soft Skills in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean-michel I. Maarek, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

presented by the students to decrease their perception of “harsh” grading and increase their self-confidence and motivation. • The course content discussed in lecture was re-ordered to present integrated devices (operational amplifiers, instrumentation amplifiers, audio and other specialized amplifiers) earlier in the semester. Use of these components is required for multiple laboratories and studying them earlier made the lecture content and laboratories more in tune.A practical limitation of the inquiry-based approach with respect to electronic circuit designis that the laboratory room needs to be stocked with an abundant choice of parts as thestudents may select different combinations of components for the same

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer H. Choi, University of California - Davis

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Paper ID #16839Work in Progress: The Incorporation of Hands-On, Team-Based Design Chal-lenges in a Large Enrollment Introductory Biomedical Engineering CourseDr. Jennifer H. Choi, University of California - Davis Jennifer Choi is currently a Lecturer with potential for security of employment (LPSOE) in the Depart- ment of Biomedical Engineering (BME) at UC Davis. In addition to teaching core undergraduate courses, Jennifer is aimed at integrating engineering design principles and hands-on experiences throughout the curriculum, and playing an active role in the senior design course. She has interests in engineering educa

Conference Session

Laboratories and Projects in BME

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vladimir Genis, Drexel University; Donald L. McEachron, Drexel University; Fran Cornelius, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Leadership Development and Learning Technologies. She is currently the Chair, MSN Advance Practice Role Program, Coordinator of Informatics Projects and Associate Clin- ical Professor at Drexel University College of Nursing and Health Profession teaching in both under- graduate and graduate programs. She is a board certified nurse informaticist and an NLN certified nurse educator. Her area of research involves student learning, development of clinical decision making skills, faculty development in integration and application of instructional technology for classroom innovations and simulation learning experiences, virtual learning environments for DL, and information seeking be- haviors among students and professionals in

Conference Session

Laboratories and Projects in BME

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Page 22.98.14   13  7. Cordes D. Teaching an integrated first-year computing curriculum: Lessons learned.Proceedings of the Frontiers in Education Conference 1997.8. Craig A, Bullard L and Joines J. Computing across curricula. Proceedings of the ASEEConference 2008.9. Deek F, Friedman R and Kim H. Computing and composition as an integrated subject insecondary school curriculum. Proceedings of the ASEE Conference 2002.10. Dunne B, Blauch A and Sterian A. The case for computer programming instruction forall engineering disciplines. Proceedings of the ASEE Conference 2005.11. Finlayson B. Introduction to chemical engineering computing. Proceedings of the

Conference Session

Laboratories and Projects in BME

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yakov Cherner, ATEL, LLC; Sonia Sparks Wallman; Margaret Bryans, Montgomery County Community College; Marina Taranova, Southern Federal University, Russia

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

for biomanufacturing education, training and theworkforce, the Northeast Biomanufacturing Center and Collaborative (NBC2) developsinstructional materials and resources, based on harmonized biopharmaceutical manufacturingindustry skill standards. These learning and teaching resources, available in printed and onlineformats form a Global Biomanufacturing Curriculum to support biomanufacturing education andtraining. As a part of our educational efforts, we designed the first module of a comprehensiveinteractive virtual learning environment for biomanufacturing – a virtual low pressure liquidchromatography laboratory based on NBC2 equipment and process SOPs utilizing a BioLogicLow Pressure (LP) Chromatography System made by Bio-Rad Laboratories

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Pulford, Center for Engineering Learning and Teaching (CELT); Alyssa Catherine Taylor, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

Paper ID #12398Work in Progress: Implementation of Peer Review to Enhance Written andVisual Communication Learning in Bioengineering Capstone ReportsDr. Stephanie Pulford, Center for Engineering Learning and Teaching (CELT) Dr. Stephanie Pulford is an instructional consultant within University of Washington’s Center for Engi- neering Teaching & Learning, where she coordinates the Engineering Writing & Communication Devel- opment Program. Dr. Pulford’s professional background in engineering includes a Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering, an M.S. in Engineering Mechanics, and a B.S. in Aerospace Engineering as well as

Conference Session

Design in BME Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Gettens, Western New England College; Michael Rust, Western New Engalnd College; Diane Testa, Western New England College; Judy Cezeaux, Western New England College

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Food and Drug Administration(FDA). Many biomedical engineers learn the language and practices of QSR and design controlson the job. Experiential learning in these areas gives biomedical engineering graduates avaluable skill set coveted by medical device companies. This skill set will position biomedicalengineers apart from other engineering disciplines and will help more completely define thebiomedical engineer. The Biomedical Engineering Department at Western New England College has developed anapproach to the capstone senior design course which integrates QSR and design controls into thecurriculum. This integration uses an experiential method in which students follow the guidelinesfor design control and QSR, closely mimicking best practices

Conference Session

Hands-on Learning in BME

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Goldberg, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

troubleshoot the final circuit. The project culminates in a poster and demonstration session.Assessment indicates that the project was successful in helping students achieve the goals of theclass. Students completed a Likert scale survey before and after the project. These results wereevaluated using an unpaired t-test and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statisticallysignificant. Results show that the project made a significant difference in students’ confidence indesigning and troubleshooting analog and digital circuitry. The quality of the projects wasimpressive and the students clearly had a lot of fun, in spite of the many hours of hard work.IntroductionBiomedical Engineering (BME) is a broad field and the curriculum must include exposure

Conference Session

Biomedical Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hannah Timbers Yssels, University of California, Davis; Marina Crowder, University of California, Davis; Ozcan Gulacar, University of California, Davis; Jennifer H. Choi, University of California, Davis

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

teaching methods and tools, he has received grants and established collaborations with colleagues from different fields and countries. Dr. Gulacar has developed and organized workshops about implementation of social constructivist methods and effective use of technological tools in science classrooms.Dr. Jennifer H. Choi, University of California, Davis Jennifer Choi is currently a Lecturer with potential for security of employment (LPSOE) in the Depart- ment of Biomedical Engineering (BME) at UC Davis. In addition to teaching core undergraduate courses, Jennifer is aimed at integrating engineering design principles and hands-on experiences throughout the curriculum, and playing an active role in the senior design

Conference Session

Design in BME Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric Kennedy, Bucknell University; Donna Ebenstein, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

part.Preliminary student assessment indicates that the students feel that designing, rapid prototyping,and physically producing the Cube of Knowledge was both a valuable and enjoyable experience.The vast majority of students agree that the project experience will be valuable for senior designand their future engineering careers. Additionally, they indicated that they would like to see themodule expanded to include a larger variety of fabrication techniques and more time for basicskill development.IntroductionGiven the broad spectrum of topics that must be addressed in an undergraduate biomedicalengineering (BME) curriculum it is difficult to provide adequate exposure to students in designand manufacturing technology such as computer-aided design (CAD) and

Conference Session

Pedagogical Developments in BME

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth Vargis, Vanderbilt University; Anita Mahadevan-Jansen, Vanderbilt University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

lastdecade, optical sciences and technologies have been widely developed for new applications anddevices, both for basic science research as well as clinical settings. However, at the same time,biomedical optics courses have not been well-integrated into most undergrad biomedicalengineering curriculums. At Vanderbilt University, a junior to senior-level biomedicalengineering elective course entitled “Introduction to Biomedical Optics” has been developedwith the objective of “using light from the far-ultraviolet through the visible into the infrared fordiagnostic, therapeutic, and sensing applications in medicine and biology.”1Previous work in the development of this course focused on creating and implementing aninteractive instruction module of

Conference Session

Experiential Learning in BME

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michele Wabler, Clemson University; Estefania Alvarez, Clemson University; John DesJardins, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

undergraduate student in topics of medical devices, biomaterials, and clinicalanatomy. This paper details the development, application, and assessment of a mentoredundergraduate teaching and research program known as Creative Inquiry at Clemson Universitythat is focused on the development of a statewide implant retrieval program for educational andresearch purposes.IntroductionThe mission of the Department of Bioengineering at Clemson University is to provide anoutstanding education for engineers in bioengineering and developing future leaders. With thismission in mind, three goals were identified: 1) to provide students with the education needed fora rewarding career, 2) to provide an intellectually rigorous undergraduate education thatemphasizes

Conference Session

Education Programs in BME

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Miiri Kotche, University of Illinois, Chicago

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

limited in industry skillsets and the applied practice of product development. Historically, medical industry skill setsare learned and first practiced as “on the job training” while employed within the medicalproduct industry. The two-semester bioengineering senior capstone design sequence atUniversity of Illinois at Chicago (UIC) has long emphasized team-based product design andencourages regular clinical partner feedback throughout the design process. However,formalized interaction with clinical end users to inform the design process has not been a part ofthe curriculum until the introduction of a Bioengineering Clinical Immersion program in 2014.This paper reports information from the first two years of the program, as well as changes to

Conference Session

Communication and Professional Skills in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John D. Gassert, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Jeffrey Blessing, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Schmedeman, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Larry Fennigkoh, Milwaukee School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

following specific outcomes were set for the workshop: • Demonstrate administrative support for an integrated entrepreneurship program. • Convince all BE faculty and other invited engineering faculty of the importance of including entrepreneurship concepts in the engineering courses. • Present a model for how entrepreneurship can be integrated into an already overcrowded curriculum. • Demonstrate that graduates who understand entrepreneurship are strategic assets to their employers. Page 12.407.3The following workshop agenda was developed to meet the overall objectives: • Lunch and with a keynote speaker

Conference Session

K-12 and Graduate Experiences in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sam Dreyer, University of Illinois at Chicago; Miiri Kotche, University of Illinois at Chicago; Jennifer Olson, University of Illinois at Chicago ; Andria Shyjka, University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

. Jennifer Olson, University of Illinois at Chicago Jennifer Olson is a clinical assistant professor in the College of Education at University of Illinois at Chicago. She coordinates the Secondary Education program and teaches curriculum, instruction, & as- sessment courses to undergraduate and graduate secondary education students. Jennifer’s research focus on urban high school reform is informed by nine years of teaching in Chicago Public Schools, giving her an informed perspective of how policy moves from theory to practice. Dr. Olson’s current research interests include urban teacher preparation, teacher professional development and student voice. Her most recent publication in Journal of Urban Learning

Conference Session

Laboratories and Computer Simulation in BME

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shekhar Sharad, National Instruments

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

signals. Students would have to simulate the system in a SPICE simulationenvironment such as NI Multisim, save the data and then retrieve it in an analysis package. Withgraphical programming, educators now have access to a seamless platform from design, to Page 12.112.6prototyping and comparison of results between the simulation domain and the real world. Figure6 shows the seamless integration from design to prototyping for circuit design. The SPICEsimulation tool used here is NI Multisim, but any other simulation package can be used as well.. Curriculum Real World Industry

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

M. Barbara Silver Thorn, Marquette University; Karla Bustamante, Itesm chihuahua

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

engineering technical electives, one participated in a capstone designproject, and nearly all students conducted research in a faculty laboratory; no studentsparticipated in an engineering service project, industry internship, or formal clinical rotation asyet.The program supports eight (two at each of the four institutions out of country) studentexchanges per institution, 48 student exchanges total over the 4 year project duration. Theprogram is in its third year; none of the partner institutions have met this target allocation as yet.This may be attributed, at least in part, to the delayed completion of the MOU, personnelchanges affecting incoming student placement as well as recruitment of outgoing students,curriculum revisions affecting

Conference Session

Developments in BME Pedagogy and Assessment

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Naiquan (Nigel) Zheng, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

encourages theunderstanding of anatomy and aids in the development of clinical thinking2. The rigorous Page 22.1342.3mathematical curriculum is the cornerstone of engineering education. It is challenging forengineering programs to incorporate an in depth study of the systemic interdependence ofmedical courses. To be sure, many biomedical engineering programs require their students toenroll in anatomy and physiology courses7. Often, however, these courses are challenging sincethey are so different than traditional engineering courses. Traditionally many courses in the areaof medical science and medicine have been added to curriculum for the

Conference Session

Biomedical Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tom Merrill, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

OutlineInstruction has four components: 1) a review of past transport principles (momentum, heat, andmass), 2) a demonstration of the power and effort necessary to solve problems numerically, 3)hands-on activities to learn how to use a commercial finite element package to solve biomedicaltransport problems, and 4) an overall understanding regarding the practical considerations in areal medical device company. These four distinct areas are not siloed, instead continually woventogether.There were four course learning goals. Students were told that by the end of this course theyshould be able to: 1. Understand and apply the steps required to attack a biomedical problem: formulation, software implementation, and accuracy checking. 2. Read the

Conference Session

Clinical, Patient, and Innovation Experiences in BME

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel P. Cavanagh, Bucknell University; Joe Tranquillo, Bucknell University

Tagged Divisions

Biomedical

engineeringeducation field in general, a number of investigations have been conducted to explore therelationship and importance of empathy, self-awareness, and social-awareness in engineeringstudents [11-14]. These studies reveal the importance of empathy for effective innovation andengineering design. In biomedical engineering design, a more in-depth understanding of theentire patient experience may provide for more innovative and effective design alternatives.The efforts discussed in this paper to address the inclusion of the disease pathway and the entirepatient experience into the educational opportunities for biomedical engineering students are onestep to more effective integration of the liberal arts and humanities into an engineeringeducation. Previous