Conference Session

CE Capstone: Innovations in Learning & Assessment

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, University of Texas, Tyler; Michael McGinnis, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

to fulfill (demonstrate accomplishment of) an expanded list of equally desirablefuture CE program outcomes.7 Since the CE Program at UT Tyler could not properlyassess either ABET a-k or their own nine outcomes as written (multiple requirementslumped under a single outcome; i.e., mathematics, science, and engineering science inABET outcome 3.a as well as in UT Tyler PO 1 in Table 1), the outcomes were brokeninto a larger number of smaller outcomes for their assessment plan. This type ofexpansion of outcomes is mirrored in the BOKII outcomes such that ABET Outcome 3ais broken into three separate outcomes.The UT Tyler CE curriculum (Figure 1) provides a broad undergraduate experience asenvisioned by the Body of Knowledge (BOKI) and implied in

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Poster Session

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christianna Irene White, Iowa State University, Institute for Transportation; David J. White, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

focused on graduate engineeringcommunication development, which is the focus of this paper. A program was developed andpiloted for civil engineering graduate students that will be of particular interest to faculty andgraduate students. Faculty will benefit from models for improving the organization of thesiswriting and teaching technical writing skills. Graduate students will be better equipped in termsof practical or professional skills that, in turn, will make them valued employees from day one.This paper presents the details of the program, preliminary assessments, suggestions for futureresearch, and plans for future development.IntroductionThis paper describes a pilot program that promotes excellent communication skills for civilengineering

Conference Session

Industry and Practice Topics

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Brad Wambeke P.E., United States Military Academy; Aaron T. Hill Jr., United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

engineering solutions in global, economic, environmental, and societal contexts 5. an ability to function effectively on a team whose members together provide leadership, create a collaborative and inclusive environment, establish goals, plan tasks, and meet objectives 6. an ability to develop and conduct appropriate experimentation, analyze and interpret data, and use engineering judgment to draw conclusions 7. an ability to acquire and apply new knowledge as needed, using appropriate learning strategies.The term “complex” appears in both the department mission statement as well as in the firststudent outcome. For the purpose of this paper, the ABET [3] definition of

Conference Session

Development Around Diversity

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Daniel Erian Armanios; Sarah Jane Christian P.E., Carnegie Mellon University; Andrea Francioni Rooney, Carnegie Mellon University; Millard L. McElwee, Exponent; Joe Dallas Moore, Carnegie Mellon University; Destenie Nock, Carnegie Mellon University; Constantine Samaras, Carnegie Mellon University; Gerald J. Wang, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

participants’ high school curricula. The majorityof the students have never seen a female or BIPOC engineer, so a portion of the course involvesguest lecturers who dispel the belief that there is no diversity in STEM. Students have theopportunity to see the significant impact of CEEs through field trips to public works, like damsmanaged by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers who plan, design, build, and operate locks anddams.Current undergraduate students have shared that we need to highlight more exciting andtechnologically-savvy opportunities within the field and share the opportunities to make a socialimpact if we want to attract more students from underrepresented communities to the field ofCEE rather than other engineering fields. To do this, the

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth R. Leitch P.E., West Texas A&M University; Byungik Chang P.E., University of New Haven; Erick Benjamin Butler, West Texas A&M University; J. Arn Womble P.E., West Texas A&M University; Nathan Howell, West Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 The Journey to Initial Accreditation of a Civil Engineering ProgramAbstractStarting a new engineering program that fulfills ABET EAC 2000 requirements is a majorundertaking. With a new program, there is great responsibility to develop the curricula andassessment tools to meet university, community, and stakeholder requirements while meetingABET EAC outcomes. In this paper, the authors will discuss the process of implementing anew civil engineering program at West Texas A&M University in Canyon, Texas (in theAmarillo, Texas metropolitan area). This discussion includes the planning, launch, andimplementation of curricula that lead to a successful initial ABET EAC accreditation, as

Conference Session

Laboratory Development and Technology in the Civil Engineering Classroom

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Torick, University of Pittsburgh; Dan Budny, University of Pittsburgh

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

with a well developed plan in order to ensure a successfulproduct. Our instructional design process can be summarized as a 6-step iterative process (Figure1); the unfilled arrow represents the iteration point in the process. Some of the productsdeveloped from this process will be discussed to further clarify the design process. Page 14.1198.2Figure 1- Curriculum Design ProcessLaboratory Development ProcessStep 1- Determination of Design ConstraintsAll design problems have a set of constraints and requirements that are important to clearlyidentify at the beginning of the development process. The main requirements for our newlaboratories are

Conference Session

International Aspects of Civil Engineering

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Balling, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

the students paid$2500 and the college/department paid $1500 with funds coming primarily from off-campusdonors.A new aspect is planned for the 2010 program. The author will continue to offer the ChinaMega-Structures program, and another professor will offer a new China Mega-Cities program Page 14.320.2that will focus on transportation and city planning of large mega-cities. Students in bothprograms will go on the same two-week trip to China. This works well since the China Mega-Structures program already visits several mega-cities and visits the city planning exhibitions inBeijing and Shanghai. Students will be encouraged to take both

Conference Session

High-impact Learning Practices

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jieun Hur P.E., Ohio State University; Nathan Hyungsok Choe, Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

2018. This effortaims to provide research opportunities and enriched learning experiences to a broad range of UGstudents. In addition, these efforts are expected to improve undergraduate students’ persistenceand retention in engineering fields and support the growth of graduate programs.Although it is an undergoing research, this paper explores several practices to promoteundergraduate research in the College of Engineering at the university and introduces a surveythat was conducted to evaluate the current status of UG research in the department of CivilEngineering in 2018. Based on the survey results, Undergraduate Research Committee (URC) ofCivil Engineering has suggested plans to improve the system of undergraduate research programin the

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Natacha Depaola, Illinois Institute of Technology; Paul R. Anderson, Illinois Institute of Technology; Roberto Cammino, Illinois Institute of Technology; Bonnie Haferkamp, Illinois Institute of Technology; Limia Shunia, Illinois Institute of Technology; Eric M Brey, Illinois Institute of Technology; Jamshid Mohammadi, Illinois Institute of Technology; Fouad Teymour, Illinois Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

, conclusions/recommendations reached. (Includes recognition of the contributions of any consulting experts, resource providers, previous teams, and other organizations.) • Highlights benefits and added value of the team's work compared to contemporary practice. • Describes major impacts, risks and challenges associated with the project: technical performance, need for enabling technology, social, competitive, environmental, safety, regulatory, financial. • Applied appropriate methods associated with professional practice (e.g., brainstorming, experiment design/testing, scientific method, user-centered design, iterative prototyping, survey research, business planning.) • Devised innovative approaches to overcome

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allie S Peters, Oregon State University; Shane A. Brown P.E., Oregon State University; Kevin Chang P.E., University of Idaho, Moscow; Katherine N Thorton; Kristen Shinohara; Kacey D Beddoes, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

assistant professor in the Department of Civil Engineering at the Univer- sity of Idaho, where he is focusing on traffic operations and safety, transportation security, and engineering education. Prior to his current position, Kevin was a traffic engineer with the King County Department of Transportation where he managed the Traffic Management Center and supervised the implementation of neighborhood transportation plans, livable communities, and pedestrian and school safety programs. Kevin is the current Chair of the ITE Transportation Education Council, Chair of the TRB School Trans- portation Subcommittee, member of the TRB Safety Management Committee, and Past President for the Washington State Section of ITE. He is

Conference Session

Educational & Professional Issues of Strategic Importance to the Civil Engineering Profession - and ASCE

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea L Welker, Villanova University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

profession ascompared to men was similar. Of those that never entered the profession, 80% were working inanother field and 20% had never planned to enter the profession and pursued a non-engineeringgraduate degree. The women surveyed cited the lack of flexibility, the culture, and themanagement of engineering firms as the reasons why they decided not to enter the profession. Ofthe women that left engineering, most were working in another field. About 20% that leftindicated that it was because they did not “like the workplace climate, their boss, or the culture.”About 11% cited “working conditions, too much travel, lack of advancement, or low salary” asreasons why they left1. The reasons cited for leaving the profession by the women interviewed

Conference Session

Fostering Business and Professional Skills in the Engineering Classroom

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Veera Gnaneswar Gude P.E., Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

, EESTo enhance student learning of the subject matter, several writing exercises were included.Informal writing involved a critical review of different stormwater pollution management issuesand current best management practices and a comparison of the alternatives. Free writing wasgiven in class to promote free thinking and thinking through writing. Exploratory writingexercise involved a topical discussion of stormwater treatment process. A formal writingexercise was given in the form of a stormwater pollution prevention plan (SWPPP) assignmentwhich included a peer–review session prior to final grading. A reflective writing exercise wasincluded to summarize learning experiences through classroom and writing activities throughoutthe semester to

Conference Session

Effective Learning Innovations in Civil Engineering Courses

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Blake Tullis, Utah State University; Steven Barfuss, Utah Stat University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

AC 2007-2259: SOME KEY ELEMENTS TO A SUCCESSFUL DESIGN-BASEDCOURSEBlake Tullis, Utah State UniversitySteven Barfuss, Utah Stat University Page 12.1289.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Some Key Elements to a Successful Design-Based CourseAbstractDesign-based courses often afford instructors more latitude in teaching styles andcurriculum (inductive teaching/learning), relative to the more traditional courses(deductive teaching/learning). With some effort and planning, design-based classes canbe developed into a successful alternative learning environment. Three key principles,which have been found to enhance learning, are discussed. These principles

Conference Session

Who Should Teach the BOK

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Maccariella, Urban Engineers, Inc. / Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

need to develop leadership and management skills toeffectively communicate with clients and colleagues, and technical skills to produce constructioncost estimates, design plans, and project specifications. Often, graduate engineers do not possessthese skills.The author believes that adjunct instructors can supplement faculty members by providingpractical experience and an industry perspective to address these apparent shortcomings.Need for AdjunctsThere are many reasons for employing adjunct faculty. As pointed out by Gosink and Streveler4variability of student enrollment, start-up of new programs, the need for specific expertise, andthe replacement of sabbatical or on-leave faculty are factors which necessitate temporaryarrangements to ensure

Conference Session

CE Poster Session in Exhibit Hall

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clara Fang; David Pines, University of Hartford

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Albanycommercial area, there are challenges in developing effective traffic control plans for relievingcongestions on Albany Avenue. Therefore, the primary goal of the project is to study the existingtraffic conditions and generate new signal timings to improve traffic flow and safety in the areaas well as evaluate the impacts of the proposed improvements. An additional goal of this study isto select an appropriate analysis framework, including comparing the simulation programs thatcan potentially be used in such a study. As shown in Figure 3, a significant portion of AlbanyAvenue including nine signalized and unsignalized intersections is selected as study area for theanalysis.4. Learning Experience through Simulation and Project The project is

Conference Session

Global Perspective and Experiential Learning in Civil Engineering

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Mueller PE P.E., Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; Sue Niezgoda P.E., Gonzaga University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

activities have primarily been applied to a stream restoration course as part of a baselinemonitoring program for the planned restoration of Lost Creek. The course is structured aroundconducting weekly field labs along Lost Creek. In this environmental river mechanics / streamrestoration course, students are introduced through field labs to the concepts of fluvialgeomorphology, aquatic ecosystems, and sediment transport for application in restoring impairedstreams. During the quarter, the students make frequent visits to Lost Creek for the purpose ofcollection baseline monitoring data that is used to classify channel morphology and process,analyze stream habitat characteristics, estimate sediment transport, and analyze stream stability.The data

Conference Session

ABET: Reflections on Accreditation

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karl F. Meyer, U.S. Military Academy; Allen C. Estes, California Polytechnic State University; Paul Francis Mlakar, U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

the results of your assessment and tell the PEV where tolook for further information as required.6. Efficiently Collect and Present Examples of Student Work. During an ABET visit,perhaps the most daunting task a PEV must perform is examining documentation. Werecommend communicating with the PEV in advance of the visit and explaining the plan forpresentation of student work and course materials. If the PEV has specific needs, identify themearly and be prepared. With only about three hours available at most to review documentation,the PEV will need to focus on specific areas to answer questions raised during review of the selfstudy. We recommend the following as an efficient way to present documentation:  One notebook for each CE student

Conference Session

Learning by Doing

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Morgan, Texas A&M University; Luciana Barroso, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

level.Summary of Degree Plan Common CourseworkBoth MS and ME degree plans have the following common requirements: 1. Engineering Mechanics – 9 semester credit hours ≠ CVEN 633 Advanced Mechanics of Materials ≠ CVEN 657 Dynamic Loads and Structural Behavior ≠ A course in Finite Element Analysis (specific course varies for each degree) 2. Structural Element Behavior and Design – 6 semester credit hours Students must take at least two of the following courses: ≠ CVEN 671 Behavior and Design of Prestressed Concrete Structures ≠ CVEN 659 Behavior and Design of Steel Structures ≠ CVEN 621 Advanced Reinforced Concrete Design ≠ CVEN 670 Behavior and Design of Composite StructuresThe MS degree further requires one math course and two

Conference Session

Capitalizing on COVID: Using This Disruptor to Change the Educational Model

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Paige West, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Frederick Paige, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Natasha B. Watts, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Walter C. Lee, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

interactions – insightsthat help plan teaching activities and identify at-risk students [6]. Learning analytics also offer amore personalized learning experience for students than the current online environments wherecontent interactions and student struggles go unnoticed [8]. As evidenced by the COVID-19pandemic, online learning is a necessity for higher education. Our study highlights the utility oflearning analytics and how instructors can leverage them to develop successful online learningenvironments. This paper explains some of the capabilities of learning analytics from an online course inthe Canvas LMS. The paper will focus on student activity in an online construction managementcourse and their interactions with the lecture pages and

Conference Session

How to Effectively Teach Using Teams

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shashi Nambisan, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

local, statewide, regional and national issues in transportation and information systems management related to policy analysis, management, planning, infrastructure development, safety and operations. Page 12.673.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Enhancing the Capstone Design Experience in Civil EngineeringAbstractThis paper documents efforts in and outcomes from a two-semester sequence senior designexperience to address some of the programmatic needs and accreditation criteria established byABET. The capstone design course sequence described herein was enhanced based on anevaluation by the

Conference Session

Professional Issues in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, University of Texas, Tyler

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

-study. The plan wassimple: introduce the students to the professional topics and engineering constraints asearly as possible with additional opportunities to wrestle with the concepts prior toapplying them again in the senior design experience. The belief is that if students workwith these professional topics and engineering constraints throughout the curriculum,then they are better suited to consider most if not all engineering constraints within adesign process that also demonstrates accomplishment of professional outcomes. This Page 14.764.5appears to be a simple plan, but when added on top of the existing course content that

Conference Session

Physical Models and Other Interactive Tools

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald Welch, U.S. Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

of the model, thetheoretical background, pictures and/or video of the set-up and use of the demonstration, a partslist (or order location), cost, and building plans, as well as that something extra about othercourses where the physical model can be used or how to insert greater insight or drama into theclassroom using the model or demonstration. Course assessment data will be provided todemonstrate the impact of physical models on student learning.The basic concepts in mechanics courses must be driven home if students are to comprehendtheir follow-on courses. For most students, particularly visual and sensory learners, classroomdemonstrations are essential to understanding these “abstract” concepts. Students crave concreteexperiences when

Conference Session

Course Structuring for Effective Student Engagement

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ryan L. Solonsky P.E., Pennsylvania State University, University Park

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

outside professionals  3D printers to physically grasp design solutions  Interactive smart touch technology to manipulate and interact with media If consideration and careful planning is given to a steel course’s structuring, it is possible tomix these two groups of technology together for engineering education practices. The first area to startwith is what topics in structural steel educations lends itself to nicely technology. Here, behavior anddesign can be simulated on software programs alongside hand calculations. Additionally, designs canbe documented and coordinated with other disciplines (within a building) to look at the larger contextof structures. Potential theorized

Conference Session

Developing Infrastructure Professionals

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carol Haden, Magnolia Consulting, LLC; Philip J. Parker P.E., University of Wisconsin - Platteville; Michael K Thompson, University of Wisconsin - Platteville; Michael R. Penn, University of Wisconsin - Platteville; Steven D Hart, Virginia Military Institute; Matthew W Roberts, Southern Utah University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

using the CIT-E materials and/or participated in the design of a model course. For the past twosummers, 31 members have met for face-to-face workshops to provide strategies for effectiveinstruction and to develop shared course materials.During the academic year, the CIT-E CoP functions virtually through online meetings and email.The core project team meets monthly to bi-monthly for planning purposes. Working groups wereformed prior to the first summer workshop and include the following: 1) a peer review panel tovet new materials, 2) an assessment team for cross institutional assessment, 3) modulemaintainers to update existing materials, 3) a first time instructor support group, and 4) adissemination working group. Large group meetings via

Conference Session

Key Educational & Professional Issues of Strategic Importance to the Civil Engineering Profession - and ASCE - Part 2

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Decker B Hains P.E., Western Michigan University; Kenneth J. Fridley, University of Alabama; Leslie Nolen, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

should alsoguide the preparation of future editions of the CEBOK and assist in advancing the profession. As Adlai E.Stevenson once said, “We can chart our future clearly and wisely only when we know the path whichhas led to the present.”This paper provides a comprehensive overview and summary of lessons learned from the process ofdeveloping the CEBOK3. The CEBOK3TC built on the best practices and lessons of the past and theauthors capture lessons learned from leading the committee. The paper begins with a discussion on thecommittee selection process, committee structure (including corresponding members), the committeecharge, and the initial plan to complete the charges. The discussion on the comprehensive literaturereview and constituent survey

Conference Session

Learning by Doing

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas Melin, United States Military Academy; Richard Hallon, United States Military Academy; Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

students. Page 15.416.4 Term 09-2 Course Feedback CE460, Construction Management, Spring 2009 C&ME Questions C1. Instructor served as a prof essional role model. C2. Instructor demonstrated depth of knowledge. C3. Instructor demonstrated enthusiasm. C4. Instructor had a plan f or every lesson. C5. Instructor helped me understand importance.... C6. Instructor used learning objectives

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Transportation and Geotechnical Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Yusuf A. Mehta, Rowan University; Leslie Ann McCarthy P.E., Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

Design – AASHTO-Empirical 12 9, 10 and 11 Design AI Mechanistic-Empirical 13 9, 10 and 11 MEPDG software 14 Graduate Presentations Table 2 Undergraduate Course Outline at Villanova University Topic Design Theories Tools & Software Supporting ReadingIntro to Course and Land Land use, topography, roadway GoogleEarth; Census Chapter 4 pp. 183-189,Use Planning classifications ACS 198-206Travel Demand Planning Trip generation; planning Websites; Census ACS Chapter 4 pp. 206-214

Conference Session

Innovations in Teaching Transportation and Geotechnical Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rhonda K. Young, University of Wyoming; Kristen L. Sanford P.E., Lafayette College; Shashi S. Nambisan P.E., Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. Page 25.349.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Core Concepts and Learning Outcomes in an Introductory Transportation Engineering Course: An Evaluation of Pilot ImplementationsAbstractOver the last two and a half years, about 20 transportation engineering educators from 13different colleges and universities across the United States have been working collaboratively onan initiative to develop and implement a set of core concepts and learning outcomes for a typicalintroductory transportation engineering course. This group has developed knowledge tables forthe core concepts associated with traffic operations, transportation planning, geometric design

Conference Session

Enhancing Instructional Effectiveness in Civil Engineering: Case Studies

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Camilla M. Saviz, University of the Pacific; Abel A. Fernandez, University of the Pacific; Elizabeth A. Basha, University of the Pacific; Andria Patricia Ellis, University of the Pacific, School of Engineering and Computer Science ; Kristina Hammarstrom; Feliciano Leon; Jerry Bruce Hildebrand; Spencer Ton

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

engineering education.Abel A. Fernandez, University of the Pacific Abel Fernandez is Professor and Director of the Engineering Management Program at the University of the Pacific, Stockton, California. He holds the Ph.D. degree in Industrial Engineering from the University of Central Florida, M.E. and B.S. degrees in Electric Power Engineering from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI) and an M.B.A. also from RPI. Dr. Fernandez has over 13 years of system engineering and project management experience with TRW, Inc. and the Harris Corporation. His final position at Harris was Director of Product Marketing, a ex- ecutive level position in which he was responsible for all applications engineering and strategic planning

Conference Session

Innovations in Civil Engineering Education I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brock Barry, United States Military Academy; Jeffrey Braun, United States Military Academy; Mark DeRocchi, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

 What is the potential for the project to be interesting and/or fun?Among the identified literature there was little common overlap. In fact, it could be argued thatthe summarized list of criteria contains several considerations that are contradictory. At leastone resource 4 identified during our study did recognize the potential contradiction andemphasized the delicate balance between a well-defined scope, including required deliverables,and allowing students some latitude to choose research methods and potential plans of action. Inthe text “Motivating Project Based Learning”, Blumenfeld, et al. 4 state that students often do nothave sufficient knowledge and insight to fully develop a scope and advance a list of requirementsfor the project