Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Collins, J.P. Morgan Chase; Gerard Lennon, Lehigh University; John Ochs, Lehigh University; Richard Weisman, Lehigh University; Vincent Munley, Lehigh University; Joseph Sterrett, Lehigh University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

the current paper.1 I. ILE Over view and Cour se PhilosophyIn 1997 the Lehigh Earth Observatory (LEO) began conducting a land use analysis for aparcel of Lehigh University property that the university was planning to sell. Theeconomic and environmental surveys were conducted by a group of 13 Lehigh Universitystudents with a wide array of majors and under the direction of Drs. Carl Moses (Earth &Environmental Sciences) and Vincent Munley (Economics). Faculty supervisors fromeach of the departments were invited to work with the instructors. The group wassuccessful in completing a wetland analysis, geotechnical analysis, and a cost/benefitanalysis for the area through field experimentation and zoning restriction

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Claude Villiers, Florida Gulf Coast University; Yusuf Mehta, Rowan University; Robert O'Neill, Florida Gulf Coast University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

WSOE administrators treat this three credithours course to four contact hours. The course outline along with topics covered is presented inTable 1. These topics are typical to Civil Engineering Materials course in different institutions.In fact, the syllabus is very similar to the one at Rowan University. Details about each modulesincluding aggregate, cement, PCC, liquid asphalt, HMA, and wood were presented by Mehta2.As presented in the table, in addition to the lecture lab format, four separate labs were conductedoutside the classroom environment. As in the conventional approach, these lab exercises were Page 13.470.3carried out in a typical

Conference Session

Use of Technology to Provide Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jakob Bruhl, United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky; Elizabeth Bristow, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

performance on the exam. Thegroup for whom statistics were gathered for this study included 124 students in seven sectionstaught by three instructors. All survey and exam results were extremely positive: the studentsuse and like the resource, and its use improved their grades.Video AI Improves Student PerformanceAt first glance, the grade results for the WPR2– for which students had Video AI resourcesavailable – appeared to indicate that performance was improved from the first mid-term exam(WPR1). Statistical analysis proves that this was true. The average was higher, the standarddeviation was less, and the distribution was more skewed – that is, more students scored in the Arange than previously. (See Figure 1 for the comparative distribution of

Conference Session

Accreditation and Assessment Concerns in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean-Pierre Bardet, University of Southern California; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Fred Meyer, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

globalization12, 13. NAE13 quotes the NationalScience Board “The organizational structures for educating, maintaining skills, andemploying science and engineering talent in the workforce are diverse and theirinterrelationships complex and dynamic. As a result, production and employment ofscientists and engineers are not well understood as a system14.” NAE states that “althoughprogress is being made in engineering education, much remains to be done in developingresearch base underlying best practices in engineering education18 and faculty practicegenerally2.” NAE presents a suite of recommendations summarized in Table 1.Table 1. Excerpts from NAE Recommendations13.‚ The B.S. degree should be considered as a pre-engineering or “engineer in training” degree

Conference Session

Use of Summer Research Programs in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vinod Lohani, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Tamim Younos, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

excerpts of self reflections of REU fellows.1. IntroductionOne of the recommendations made in the 2005 report of the National Academy ofEngineering Educating the Engineer of 2020 is[1]: Engineering schools introduce interdisciplinary learning in the undergraduate environment, rather than having it as an exclusive feature of the graduate program.The objective of this article is to introduce successful (and unsuccessful) proposalpreparation for funding an interdisciplinary undergraduate research site that has goal to Page 13.701.2meet the recommendations made such as in the NAE publication listed above. Ourresearch site deals with

Conference Session

Issues in the Professional Practice of Faculty Members in Civil Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrea Welker, Villanova University; Frank Falcone, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

critical need for holistic engineering education which includes andstresses a broad range of leadership and management skills in addition to a concentratedtraditional technical curriculum. Emerging young engineers will, in many instances, be requiredto lead teams of diverse professionals and manage budgets and schedules for domestic and/orinternational projects only a few years beyond completing their formal undergraduate education.The new program criteria developed by the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)1, andused by ABET during the accreditation process, recognizes this change and is more closelyaligned with the Body of Knowledge2. One major change is that the new criteria now include astatement requiring that students “can explain

Conference Session

Use of Technology to Provide Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jean-Pierre Bardet, University of Southern California; Dennis McLeod, University of Southern California; Gisele Ragusa, University of Southern California; Nazila Mokarram, University of Southern California

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

this project is a tool that specifies evolving ontologies, and supports informationdiscovery and queries, i.e., Protégé20, 11. Protégé is open-source software which can be extendedwith plug-ins. Protégé has visualization tools for web-ontology applications (e.g., TGViz andOWLViz), and exports data into various formats, e.g., XML, RDF, and OWL. Protégé alsosupports the design of forms and templates to input data and query subsets of data. Table 1 listsof few examples of ontologies developed using Protégé. Figure 2 displays the objects andrelationships of the Science Ontology10, which models scientific and educational events, e.g.,scientific conferences, research projects, and software development projects. As shown in Figure

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Steven Burian, University of Utah; William Johnson, University of Utah; Fred Montague, University of Utah; Arrin Holt, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates; Jim Nielson, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates; Rachel David, Cooper Roberts Simonsen Associates

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

thebenefits from the student learning perspective.Course DescriptionThe Interdisciplinary Practicum in Sustainability (the original name for the course subsequentlyshortened to Sustainability Practicum) was created to address the following key goals (1)integrating multiple disciplines into a single course and teaching from a multidisciplinaryperspective, (2) immersing students in real problems and projects and facilitating theirdevelopment of creative interdisciplinary solutions meeting constraints and the approval ofdesign professionals and stakeholders. Although intended initially to focus on sustainablebuilding, the course has broadened to cover building and processes within the built environmentattracting a wider array of cohorts (students

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Dong, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

exercise called the point, theline, the plane, and the mass. (Figure 1) Students are first required to develop a system tostabilize a shape and then quantify it second. The goal is two fold, one to understand the conceptof stability or how things stand up and secondly to explain how these basic shapes areextrapolated to real world items, such as a beam or column for the line, a floor for the plane, anda building for the block. The students are also exposed to tension members such as string,compression/tension members such as sticks, how systems are formed using these types ofelements, and the concept of buckling for members under compression.Figure1: Point, Line and Plane SeriesJuniorsBy their third year, students are immersed in framing schemes

Conference Session

Challenges of CE Education in a Global World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Hanson, California Polytechnic State University; Senro Kuraoka, Nippon Koei Co., Ltd.

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

student’s predominantlearning style and the predominant teaching style. Various systems have been developed todescribe learning styles. Learning styles are categorized using six common systems: Meyers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI)1, The Kolb Learning Cycle2, the Felder and Silverman’s Index ofLearning Styles3, the Herrmann Brain Dominance Instrument4, the Dunn and Dunn LearningStyles Model5, and Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences6 [Table 1]. Table 1. Summary of Learning Style Systems MBTI Based on 4 preference dichotomies including: energy source (introversion vs. extraversion), perceiving mental process (sensing vs. intuition), judging mental process

Conference Session

Challenges of CE Education in a Global World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carsten Ahrens, F.H. OOW

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

management in civil and construction engineering. They have excellentlanguage abilities in at least two foreign languages and they also have a very deep insight inthe culture, socio-economic conditions and in the working conditions in a foreign country,and in a foreign company. By this they are mobile - personally and related to their educationand knowledge – and able to work also in other countries and, thus, worldwide.Time Schedule of the ECEM-program Due to the changes of the Bologna Process the new curriculum needs seven semestersor 3 ½ years of study (see Table 1). The study program consists of three semesters of more orless basic studies in civil and construction engineering at the home university - and of at leasttwo foreign languages

Conference Session

Use of Summer Research Programs in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Ramseyer, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

members to solve a personality clash. While worrisome, these corrections do not seem to have long term impact on the students or the work. • On occasion teams have trouble starting their research. In general this is due to: 1) lacking a sense of urgency to complete the work during the summer or 2) not wanting to start any research until they fully understand the expected outcome. In this case the students were not used to a problem with multiple possible solutions. Several meetings with the principle investigator are generally required to help these students understand that a "failed" test was acceptable so that they could move forward. • Students want ownership of their work. By allowing the students

Conference Session

Issues in the Professional Practice of Faculty Members in Civil Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Estes, California Polytechnic State University; Ronald Welch, The University of Texas-Tyler; Stephen Ressler, United States Military Academy; Norman Dennis, University of Arkansas; Debra Larson, Northern Arizona University; Carol Considine, Old Dominion University; Tonya Nilsson, San Jose State; Jim O'Brien, American Society of Civil Engineers; Thomas Lenox, American Society of Civil Engineers

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

participants using the T4E format as a model.In 1999, a group of nine educators formally evaluated ETW as part of a Program DesignWorkshop3. As a result, the curriculum of the ETW was refined and formalized and the programwas successfully transported to the University of Arkansas in the summer of 2000. By 2002,there were ExCEEd Teaching Workshops offered at West Point, the University of Arkansas andNorthern Arizona University. Those three institutions have provided the home of the ETW eversince as shown in Table 1, although ASCE is always considering new locations.In the summer of 2004, the United Engineering Foundation funded these workshops and theother professional societies (ASME, IEEE, AIChE) sent participants to what became the ExcEEd(Excellence

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gerald Himes, United States Military Academy; Jakob Bruhl, United States Military Academy; Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

design process to Mechanics of Materials in generate alternatives order to introduce design early CE450 • Construction project management • Creative problem solving Figure 1 The Civil Engineering Three-Course Sequence for Non-Engineering MajorsAs shown in Figure 1, CE300 students are introduced to statics and mechanics of materials. Bythe end of the course, they are able to analyze and design axial members (such as trusses andcables), beams, and torsional members3. CE350 provides instruction on

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part One

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Reynaldo Pablo, Jr., Indiana University Purdue University, Fort Wayne

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

measure of the variability is thecoefficient of variation (COV) which is the ratio between the standard deviation and the meanvalue, σR /µR.The margin of safety for a bridge component can be defined as Z=R–S (1)where R is the resistance or the load carrying capacity of the structural component, and S is theload effect or the load demand to the component. They are modeled as random variables herebecause their uncertainty is evident. In general, the uncertainty associated with the resistance isdue to material production and preparation process, construction quality control, etc. Theuncertainty associated with load effect is related to truck weight, truck type, traffic

Conference Session

The New Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge (BOK2)

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Ressler, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

October 1998. This initial version ofthe policy stated that the Society “supports the concept of the master’s degree as the FirstProfessional Degree for the practice of civil engineering at the professional level.”1 Chargedwith implementing Policy Statement 465, the ASCE Committee on Academic Prerequisites forProfessional Practice (CAP3) began by analyzing the three fundamental characteristics of aprofession—an ethic of service, a professional organization, and a specialized body ofknowledge.2 The committee’s analysis of the civil engineering profession suggested that onlythe first two of these three characteristics had been adequately defined. Thus began a broad-based effort to define the Civil Engineering Body of Knowledge.In January 2004 this

Conference Session

Challenges of CE Education in a Global World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Ressler, United States Military Academy; C. Conley; Richard Gash, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

NMAA is geared to producing a national army free of regional and ethnic biases. Even the living quarters take ethnic and regional balance into account. In one random dormitory room I visited, the 12 cadets came from all over the country. In fact, these young men have been so well drilled that random questions about unrelated issues are apt to include a reference to the fact that "we are one Army for all of Afghanistan."6The four-year NMAA curriculum, as jointly developed by the Afghan academy leadership andtheir U.S. mentors, is illustrated in Figure 1 below. The eight academic semesters are indicatedin the first column, and the courses offered in each semester are listed across each correspondingrow. The

Conference Session

Challenges of CE Education in a Global World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Ressler, United States Military Academy; Richard Gash, United States Military Academy; C. Conley; Scott Hamilton, United States Military Academy; Farid Momand, Kabul University; Qaium Fekrat, Kabul University; Aziz Gulistani, Kabul University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

therewere no military officers in the Afghan National Army with adequate background to teachcollege-level engineering.Working in collaboration with the Dean of Engineering Faculty at Kabul University, Conley,Ressler, Fekrat, and Momand developed the 16-course civil engineering curriculum shown inFigure 1 below. In this graphic, the first column shows the eight academic semestersconstituting the four-year NMAA curriculum. The courses offered in each semester are listedacross each corresponding row. The dark horizontal bands preceding each pair of semestersrepresent military training periods. These periods would correspond to summers at a U.S.institution; however, at the NMAA they actually occur in the February-March timeframe, asAfghan educational

Conference Session

Issues in the Professional Practice of Faculty Members in Civil Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Allen Estes, California Polytechnic State University; Brent Nuttall, California Polytechnic State University; Cole McDaniel, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

professionalengineer1,2. The BOK is presented in the form of 15 outcomes that prescribe the necessarybreadth and depth of knowledge required for a practicing civil engineer.A section of the BOK addresses who should teach this body of knowledge. It concludes thatcivil engineering faculty must be scholars, effective teachers, practitioners, and role models.While true, there are a number of complex issues that arise such as whether it is possible for oneperson to possess all of these attributes and whether such a model best serves the projected trendsin civil engineering education.Estes and Welch3 attempted to identify the most appropriate faculty of the future with respect toeach of the required outcomes in the BOK. Their approach is illustrated in Table 1 which

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thorsten Wagener, Pennsylvania State University; Sarah Zappe, Pennsylvania State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

use are changingin many regions, causing significant problems for water resources studies. Such changes meanthat historical data are not representative for the region anymore, while most engineeringapproaches are based on the assumption that they do.As the demands on current and future hydrologists have changed, the concern arises thathydrology training has lagged behind necessary preparation for both research and application 1, 2,3 . There is evidence of hydrology as a science becoming more interdisciplinary and complex,evolving in its focus due to new scientific findings, computational and technical advances, andnew linkages to other disciplines4, 5, 6. The importance of hydrology education in this context issupported by results of a

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephanie Ivey; Anna Lambert, University of Memphis; Paul Palazolo, University of Memphis; David J. Russomanno, University of Memphis

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

” characteristicsof value found in the Canstruction® project including the preparatory requirements, participantsinvolved, and the competition’s overall contribution to engineering education. We then discussthe “dormant” opportunities for civil engineering students and educators to use links betweenprograms such as the Canstruction® project and existing curricular content such as promotingmulti-level mentorship and “real-time” problem solving activities.Additional advantages of such links include opportunities for expanding instructional methodsand addressing critical crossover areas of the revised Criteria for Accrediting EngineeringPrograms (ABET )1. Throughout our discussion, we also share our experiences with relatedpedagogical theories and instructional

Conference Session

Issues in the Professional Practice of Faculty Members in Civil Engineering

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Andrew Rose, University of Pittsburgh -Johnstown; Norman Voigt, Penn State, New Kensington

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

, orretirements. In other cases, short term increases in student population may be addressedusing adjunct faculty. Some institutions consistently utilize adjunct faculty for courseswhere full time faculty lack expertise. In all cases, the use of adjunct faculty providesbenefits and challenges to the institution, students and adjunct faculty member. Inaddition to bringing their technical expertise into the engineering classroom, adjunctfaculty also bring their understanding and insights on professional engineering practiceinto the curriculum. This inclusion of professional practice issues into engineering andengineering technology programs helps programs better meet ABET criteria.1-2 In civilengineering, ASCE’s effort to modernize engineering education

Conference Session

Use of Technology to Provide Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Sutterer, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology; shannon sexton, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

engineering SOIL MECHANICS course. The instructor and students used pen-based tablets with collaborative note taking software in class to manage lectures, discussions,example problems, classroom learning assessments, practice problems, and spreadsheet-basedproblem-solving tools. Assessment of learning is being conducted on four levels: (1)assessments of the students’ attitudes about using the technology and their learning; (2)independent, institute-level assessment at the beginning, middle, and end of the course; (3)evaluation of student performance on the final exam compared to prior course offerings; and (4)instructor reflection.The study found that students usually expressed a high acceptance of the learning process,believe both in class and out

Conference Session

Challenges of CE Education in a Global World

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fred Meyer, United States Military Academy; C. Conley; Joseph Hanus, United States Military Academy; James Ledlie Klosky

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

set they need to be successful as civil engineering leadersin Iraq and Afghanistan is much the same as civil engineers working in other developing nationshaving limited or inferior infrastructure.The Current CE ProgramThe current CE program at the USMA emphasizes fundamental civil engineering skills with afocus on structural engineering. Figure 1 depicts the last five of eight semesters for a typicalprogram of study with a focus on structures. 4th Semester 5th Semester 6th Semester 7th Semester 8th Semester CE 300 (L) CE 364 (L) CE 403 CE 404 (L) ME 306 (L) Mechanics and Mechanics of Structural Analysis Design of Steel Dynamics

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part One

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Bronzini, George Mason University; Michael Casey, George Mason University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

prior to the formal project presentations. This was intendedto allow a more in-depth evaluation of the technical content of the designs, and a presentation-day evaluation of the team presentation skills. The changes required a revised set of jurorevaluation forms, with both repeat of prior content and with sections that were not part of theprevious instrument. This paper reports on the assessment results for this revised senior designexperience. Two aspects are emphasized: (1) the relative degree of success of the simulatedclient-consultant relationships; and (2) comparative data for this offering vs. assessment resultsfor the prior three years. Participant views on the new jury evaluation process are also discussed.Senior Design Course

Conference Session

Accreditation and Assessment Concerns in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Thuy Nguyen, University of Texas at Austin; Kathy Schmidt, University of Texas at Austin; William O'Brien, University of Texas at Austin

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

thelearning module prototype, the most important findings from the data collected, as well as adiscussion on the learning modules designed as a validation tool for our framework.IntroductionAdvanced cyberinfrastructure – particularly in information integration and sensor networks – isincreasingly being developed to support the civil infrastructure of roads, bridges, buildings, etc.In particular, there is a call for the intelligent job site (IJS), which can be considered a domainspecific instance of broader visions for ubiquitous computing.1 The intelligent job site seeks torevolutionize construction practice in terms of safety performance and productivity throughdistributed computing and deployment of a variety of sensors. A wide range of research

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Three

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wei Zheng, Jackson State University; HuiRu Shih, Jackson State University; Karen Lozano, University of Texas-Pan American; Karl Kiefer, Invocon, Inc., Houston, Taxes; Xinqing Ma, Inframat Corp, Farmington, Connecticut.

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

objectives for integrating nanotechnology for civil engineering into the existing curriculumare: (1) to introduce the application and cutting-edge research developments of nanotechnologyin civil engineering for undergraduate students; (2) to update traditional mainstream civil Page 13.543.3engineering curricula; and (3) to develop new teaching strategies and diverse learningopportunities to strengthen civil engineering curriculum and enhance engineering educationaloutcomes. Among mainstream civil engineering curricula, the course Construction Materials andLab deals with the properties of construction materials, as well as standardized

Conference Session

Civil Engineering Teaching Part Two

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephan Durham, University of Colorado at Denver; Micah Hale, University of Arkansas; Seamus Freyne, Manhattan College

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

structure of wood. The authors havereceived positive comments regarding the use of these teaching aids and experiments in class.Students often mention how these teaching resources reinforce the concepts discussed in class aswell as creating more interest in course topics.Learning Styles for Engineering StudentsPeople learn in different ways. Learning styles are methods that people use to understandmaterial.1 Learning styles include these types: Visual Learners–prefer pictures, charts, and demonstrations Aural Learners–prefer the use of sound and music Verbal Learners–prefer oral communication and writing Physical Learners–prefer physical movement and active learning Logical

Conference Session

Use of Summer Research Programs in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dennis Truax, Mississippi State University; Emma Seiler, Mississippi State University; Donna Reese, Mississippi State University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

. However, using teams helped keep students fromhaving to rely solely on their personal skills. For this reason, teams were designed to keep theskill levels of each team comparable. By using group activities rather than individual projectactivities, we felt that each student would be able to participate at some level and become moreengaged in the project learning process regardless of their level of academic preparation.A generalized format for the daily schedule of activities was as follows. Start and ending timeswere selected so that participants did not have to compete with other students or campus traffic attime when either can be intimidating to younger people: Table 1. Generalized MSTI Daily Itinerary Time of

Conference Session

Accreditation and Assessment Concerns in Civil Engineering Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nirmala Gnanapragasam, Seattle University; Katie Kuder, Seattle University; Dragovich Jefferey, Seattle University

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering

part of the comprehensive examination is administered in the beginningof fall quarter and simulates the morning portion of the FE examination. Itconsists of 60 questions. The second part of the comprehensive examination isadministered within the first two weeks of the winter quarter. It simulates theafternoon portion of the subject specific FE examination and consists of 30multiple choice questions. Table 1 summarizes the topics covered in the fall andwinter quarter comprehensive examinations and the number of questions in eachcategory.Students are notified of the test dates, list of topics and number of questions ineach topic well in advance giving them plenty of time to prepare for theexaminations. The fall quarter examination is announced