Conference Session

How Are We Preparing Our Students for the 21st Century Workforce?

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ronald H. Brown, Marquette University; Thomas F. Quinn, Marquette University; George Corliss, Marquette University; Jay R. Goldberg, Marquette University; Mark Nagurka, Marquette University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2012-3962: THE GASDAY PROJECTDr. Ronald H. Brown, Marquette University Dr. Ronald H. Brown is Associate Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Marquette Uni- versity and the founding Director of Marquette University’s GasDay Project. Dr. Brown’s research is in system modeling, identification, prediction, optimization, and control. The applications of his research has been focused on natural gas distribution and transmission since 1993, when the GasDay Project was founded as a means to connect students with the many industrial partners who support the lab’s work. Over the course of the project he has worked with more than 150 undergraduate students from four col- leges at Marquette directly

Conference Session

Educating Students for the 21st Century: History, Reflection, and Outcomes

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Swaminathan Balachandran, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

technical reviewer for the International Journal of Production Research. He has more than 270 presentations and publications to his credit. He received Ph. D. degree in Industrial Engineering and Operations Research from Virginia Tech in 1984. He received in the past the Exemplary Teaching Award and Exemplary Professional Development Award from the College of Engineering, UW Platteville. He has supervised more than 250 service learning projects and in fall 2009 he received the Award of Excellence in Service Learning from UW Platteville. Page 22.1337.1 c American Society for Engineering

Conference Session

CEED Paper Session 2: Leveraging Internships and Experiential Learning in Higher Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Weican Xiao, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

power device fabrication. He is also specialized in using microwave power for diamond thin film fabrication and convert tar to light hydrocarbon species while working as a postdoc in Norfolk State University. Dr. Xiao is a member of American Society for Engineering Education (ASEE) and a member of ASEE Engineering Technology Division. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Power System Hands-on Skill Enhancement through Senior Design Project Weican Xiao, School of Technology, Michigan Technological University AbstractWith the growing demand of electrical energy, skilled engineers in power engineering are alsodesired. Current

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard F. Vaz, Worcester Polytechnic Institute; Paula Quinn, Quinn Evaluation Consulting

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

Paper ID #11821Benefits of a Project-Based Curriculum: Engineering Employers’ Perspec-tivesDr. Richard F. Vaz, Worcester Polytechnic Institute Richard F. Vaz is Dean of Interdisciplinary and Global Studies at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI), with oversight of WPI’s interdisciplinary research requirement, the Interactive Qualifying Project, as well as the WPI Global Projects Program, a worldwide network of 40 Project Centers where more than 800 students and faculty per year address problems for local agencies and organizations. Rick’s teaching and research interests include service and experiential learning

Conference Session

Outcomes of Cooperative Education Assignments

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Walsh, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2009-1499: DEVELOPING SUCCESSFUL INDUSTRIAL INTERACTIONS INSUPPORT OF PROJECT-BASED LEARNING: AN ORGANIC MODELDaniel Walsh, California Polytechnic State University Page 14.459.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Developing Successful Industrial Interactions in Support of Project Based Learning, an Organic ModelAbstractAs engineering education at the undergraduate level continues to evolve, the support structurerequired for educational approaches such as Project-Based Learning (PBL) is expanding toinclude not only the Department, College, and University levels, but also significantcommitments from industrial partners. While the

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session: High-Impact Makerspaces, Transitioning from Co-op to School and Service Research

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Leaf, Eastern Washington University; Arin Seth Preston, Eastern Washington University; Donald C. Richter P.E., Eastern Washington University; Robert E. Gerlick, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

Paper ID #17654An Undergraduate Service Learning Research Project using a HumanoidRobot to Enhance Treatment for Children with Autism Spectrum DisorderMs. Jennifer Leaf, Eastern Washington University Jennifer Leaf is a student in the Mechanical Engineering department at Eastern Washington University. She previously received a Bachelor of Science in Computer Science from Pacific Lutheran University and a Master of Science in Computing and Software Systems from the University of Washington, and worked as a software engineer and program manager in private industry. She intends to pursue graduate studies in robotics.Mr. Arin

Conference Session

Preparing and Retaining Engineering Students

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Rabb, United States Military Academy; Margaret Nowicki, United States Military Academy; Elizabeth Bristow, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

recently beenopened to students that have yet to declare their major. One intent of the original program was toenhance the students’ learning and problem solving experience in a real world environment andperhaps give them a start on their capstone project. The summer internship program allows themto conduct research and solve engineering problems with scientists and engineers in some of thenation’s finest facilities. The Academic Individual Advanced Development (AIAD) program ispurely voluntary, but nearly all of the civil and mechanical engineering majors forfeit some oftheir free time to participate in the program every summer. These internships are usually fourweeks in duration due to other institutional requirements that can only be

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Christopher P. Pung, Grand Valley State University; Paul D. Plotkowski, Grand Valley State University; Chris Plouff, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

applied and leveraged to enhance the capstone experience thatentails industry sponsored design and build style projects. The ability to comfortably interactwith professionals in an industrial environment, manage projects entailing interactions withother portions of the business outside of engineering such as purchasing, skilled trades,marketing, sales and others allows a wide variety of challenging projects to be considered for thecapstone design course. Frequently capstone projects are proposed by companies that currentlyhave one or more co-op students. If appropriate, the co-op student acts as the point of contactbetween the student team and the industry sponsor. This minimizes the amount ofmiscommunication and also allows faster turn-around

Conference Session

Post Graduate Experiential Programs and Insights

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David W Schmueser, Altair Engineering Inc.; Charbel Philippe Saleh, Altair Engineering Inc.; Prakash C. Shrivastava, Oakland University; Lori Lin Crose, Oakland University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2011-1388: OAKLAND UNIVERSITY/ALTAIR ENGINEERING TECH-NICAL BUSINESS INTELLIGENCE CORPORATE INTERNSHIP PRO-GRAMDavid W Schmueser, Altair Engineering Inc. Dr. David Schmueser is the Business Development Manager of University Programs in the United States for Altair Engineering, with primary responsibility for identifying and implementing Altair’s advanced engineering software and grid computing technologies for curriculum and research applications. With more than 30 years of experience in engineering research, project technical management, and en- gineering instruction, Schmueser’s strategic role at Altair focuses on the development and execution of Altair’s university marketing and sales plan, fellowship program

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Pradeep Kashinath Waychal, NMIMS University; Katsuyuki Ohsawa, Tottori University ; Masashi Miura, Tottori University ; Ayano Ohsaki, Tottori University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

innovation management. Recently his paper won the Best Teaching Strategies Paper award at the most respected international conference in the area of engineering education - Annual conference of American Society of Engineering Education (ASEE).Prof. Katsuyuki Ohsawa, Tottori University Prof Katsuyuki Ohsawa graduated from Master Course of Aeronautical Engineering in Nagoya Univer- sity in 1975. He joined Toyota Central R&D Labs. Lnc. and worked there 31 years. He worked on many projects such as mixture preparation in gasoline engine, high pressure diesel combustion, deposit formation mechanism, direct injection gasoline engine and exhaust emmision control. Prof Ohsawa received Ph D Nagoya University in 1992 and started

Conference Session

How Are We Preparing Our Students for the 21st Century Workforce?

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R. Mikesell P.E., Ohio Northern University; David R. Sawyers Jr., Ohio Northern University; Jed E. Marquart, Ohio Northern University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

, residential institution in the Midwest. At the same time, these competitions havecome to play an important role in achieving the educational objectives of the department. Thispaper will review several such competitions, evaluate the degree to which they contribute to theeducational experience of the students, and discuss some of the advantages and limitations ofthese activities.While traditional lectures, tutorials, and structured assignments are still essential to providing thefoundation for an understanding of engineering science and the skills required to solve math- andphysics-based problems, many of the abilities required by accrediting bodies and potentialemployers are difficult to achieve using these methods. Senior capstone projects and

Conference Session

Faculty Set the Preliminary Standards for Co-ops

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emilia Bratschitsch, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences; Annette Casey, Joanneum University of Applied Sciences

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

described by a three-pillar model. Figure 1: Three-pillar modelPraxis-oriented learning includes project and problem based learning, as well as a focus on theapplication of theories and methods learned in core engineering subjects (i.e. mathematics,mechanics, electrics). The main challenges are the coordination of the lectures with regard tocontent and timing, and lecturers’ motivation. Furthermore, project and problem basedlearning demands much more time in terms of supervision than standard lectures. Involvingstudents in industrial projects is not without risks and we have to ensure that such projects arecompleted to the satisfaction of our partners in industry.All departmental staff who teaches engineering

Conference Session

Faculty Set the Preliminary Standards for Co-ops

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daryl Caswell, University of Calgary; Sarah Lockwood, University of Calgary; Jane Leung, University of Calgary

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2010-1556: BRINGING SOCIAL AND CULTURAL AWARENESS INTO THEFIRST YEAR DESIGN EXPERIENCEDaryl Caswell, University of CalgarySarah Lockwood, University of CalgaryJane Leung, University of Calgary Page 15.244.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Bringing Social and Cultural Awareness into the First Year Design Experience Caswell, Lockwood and LeungAbstractAt the Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, 730 first year students arerequired to take two half courses in Design and Communications. These courses (ENGG251 and ENGG 253) are project-based, with students participating in 5 real-world

Conference Session

Comparing Different Aspects of the Cooperative Education Experience

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig J. Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

important to not only look at what is going on in the classroom but to investigate theadded influence of any contact the students have with industrial employers. Another area ofimportance that links the classroom, internships, co-ops, experiential learning experiences, andindustry is the growing contact that comes with project based courses that deal directly withindustry to accomplish their ends. Many schools are promoting the work that can be done bystudents integrating their work in the classroom with industrial influence. There are also thenumbers of students who participate in extracurricular activities that produce many contact hourswith engineering alumni through those projects. While the major focus for accreditation is theclassroom, there

Conference Session

CEED - Technical Session 1

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chris Plouff, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

different formsof involvement by the employer constituents, including course projects, senior capstoneexperiences/projects, and advisory boards. These directly address ABET‟s criteria that studentsare prepared for engineering practice through a curriculum incorporating appropriate engineeringstandards and multiple realistic constraints[2].IntroductionDemonstration that graduates of an engineering program have met the student learning outcomesa-k is required to be compliant with ABET expectations for accreditation. There are many waysthat the learning outcomes can be demonstrated, and most commonly is accomplished throughassessment of some course-related activity including homework assignments, exams,laboratories, and projects. Some of the learning

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chip W Ferguson, Western Carolina University; Paul M Yanik, Western Carolina University; Guanghsu A. Chang, Western Carolina University; Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

TransformationThe National Science Foundation’s funded ($625,179) SPIRIT: Scholarship Program Initiativevia Recruitment, Innovation, and Transformation at Western Carolina University creates a newapproach to the recruitment, retention, education, and placement of academically talented andfinancially needy engineering and engineering technology students. Twenty-Seven new andcontinuing students were recruited into horizontally and vertically integrated cohorts that will benurtured and developed in a Project Based Learning (PBL) community characterized byextensive faculty mentoring, fundamental and applied undergraduate research, hands-on designprojects, and industry engagement. Our horizontal integration method creates sub-cohorts withsame-year students from

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Greg Rulifson P.E., University of Colorado, Boulder; Nathan E Canney PE, Seattle University; Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

interests in engineering education include service-learning, sustainable engineering, social responsibility, ethics, and diversity. Page 26.1368.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015 Service-Motivated Students’ Transitions to PracticeAbstractWith a growing emphasis on developing holistic engineers, many engineering educators areturning to service-based pedagogies to help students gain broader perspectives of their roles asengineers in society. The explosive growth of Engineers Without Borders (EWB) and the rise ofprograms such as Purdue’s Engineering Projects in

Conference Session

Issues of Cooperative Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University; Maura Borrego, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Jenny Lo, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

female students participating in co-op experiences?Herein, we employed a survey instrument, National Engineering Students’ Learning OutcomesSurvey (NESLOS), derived from ABET criteria and extensive literature review, to assessstudents’ learning outcomes as a result of participating in a co-op experience. Survey itememphasis was placed on assessing knowledge and skills pertaining to but not limited to: (1)problem-solving, (2) writing and communication skills, (3) understanding and applyingknowledge, (4) teamwork, (5) confidence gains, (6) organization and management skills, and (7)interest and engagement of project. In this paper, we present key findings of what studentslearned and valued, insight into variations across female and male students

Conference Session

Curriculum Reform with Cooperative Education

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Walsh, California Polytechnic State University; Jon Whited, St. Jude Medical; Robert Crockett, California Polytechnic State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

Whited, St. Jude Medical Jon Whited graduated from San Diego State University with a BS in Engineering Management. He is currently Manager, University Relations and Recruiting for St. Jude Medical, Cardiac Rhythm Management Division. He has worked as a Software Test Manager and Systems Test Manager for General Electric Space Systems and as Manager of Software Product Assurance for TRW’s military space programs. Mr. Whited has developed engineering recruiting programs with universities through Co-Op programs, Sr. Projects, offering students the opportunity to take St. Jude Medical e-learning classes in clinical applications for engineers, and providing jobs on campus as University Associates

Conference Session

Outcomes of Cooperative Education Assignments

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bryan Dansberry, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

value of outcomesproduced by their programs to the benefit of their organizations.In 2008, the Undergraduate Student Research Project, NASA’s largest agency-wide internshipprogram, revised its student and mentor evaluations, gathering new data on outcomes whosevalue had not previously been captured. This paper presents a preliminary discussion of the datacollected through these new survey instruments. It includes data connecting the learningproduced to many of the ABET a-k demonstrated abilities criteria as well as data on the changesin professional self-image, confidence, and commitment to career path. In addition, implicationsof the metrics which can be calculated from the raw data are discussed in regards to the valueplaced on that learning

Conference Session

Preparing and Retaining Engineering Students

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prue Howard, Central Queensland University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

preparation and reflection requirements for the workplacement. The changes included a move to Project Based Learning (PBL) with a partiallyinverted curriculum, and the introduction of a dual award, the Bachelor of Engineering(Coop)/Diploma of Professional Practice.PBL and an inverted curriculum was introduced in 1998, with the aim being to ensure thatstudents were sufficiently prepared to work as junior engineers in industry at the end of theirsecond year of study. The PBL curriculum was intended to teach students in context, withcontent being integrated instead of delivered in discipline silos, as well as developing a numberof the professional practice skills required, such as teamwork, communication, critical thinkingand problem solving.The Diploma

Conference Session

Cooperative & Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hans J. Thomas P.E., U.S. Military Academy; Michael Nowatkowski, U.S. Military Academy; Brodie K. Hoyer, U.S. Military Academy; Michael J. Benson, U.S. Military Academy; Bruce Floersheim, U.S. Military Academy; Luksa Luznik, United States Naval Academy; Wesley Anderson, U.S. Air Force Academy; Steven J. Condly, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

prior year are contacted to reaffirm theircommitment for the next year. Two page proposals are created as both a justification of theexpenditures and a guide for students to decide which projects to pursue. While some projectsare earmarked for specific students as they tie into ongoing research either before or after theexternship, others are assigned based on student interest and faculty selection. Students entertheir preferences and faculty place students in an externship based on GPA, prerequisites, andfield of study, with GPA often being the primary factor. The exception would be the morepractical externships that do not challenge students in the field of engineering but provide apractical sense of possible future jobs. Often these are in

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session: High-Impact Makerspaces, Transitioning from Co-op to School and Service Research

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alexandra Longo, American Society for Engineering Education; Brian Yoder, American Society for Engineering Education; Rocio C. Chavela Guerra, American Society for Engineering Education; Rossen Tsanov, American Society for Engineering Education

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

Paper ID #18594University Makerspaces: Characteristics and Impact on Student Success inEngineering and Engineering Technology EducationMiss Alexandra Longo, American Society for Engineering Education Alexandra (Alex) Longo currently serves as Program Manager of Education and Career Development at ASEE, where she leads the Online Learning initiative, manages externally funded programs and projects, and assists with stakeholder workshop development and implementation. Alex works closely with the ASEE Diversity Committee and the NSF-funded project NSF-funded project Promoting LGBTQ Equality in STEM. Prior to working at ASEE

Conference Session

Issues of Cooperative Education I

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

ROBERT GRAY, Penn State Erie

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

his work. Page 13.1135.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2008 Systems Design Using Real-World Experiences with IndustryAbstractThe author has co-developed and taught the following courses related to systems design at theauthor's School of Engineering: Senior Design Project (3 semester hr) Manufacturing Related Topics in Probability, Statistics and Reliability (3 semester hr) Senior Design Seminar (1 semester hr)These systems design courses taught in a traditional classroom setting meet ABET criteria.However, by adding the non-traditional elective Applied Systems

Conference Session

The "Education" in Experiential Education

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Heather Lynn Ogletree, San Jacinto College; Anthony Zippay, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2012-4752: EMPLOYING STRATEGIC COMMUNICATIONS TO AC-COMPLISH OUTREACH GOALS FOR EXPERIENTIAL PROGRAMSMs. Heather Lynn Ogletree, San Jacinto College Heather L. Ogletree is a Program Coordinator at Johnson Space Center (JSC) in Houston. As a coordi- nator, Ogletree is responsible for the recruitment, selection, and placement of interns at JSC and serves as a liaison to interns during and after their experience. Prior to this, Ogletree was the National Project Coordinator for the Undergraduate Student Research Program (USRP), NASA’s largest agency-wide un- dergraduate STEM internship program. While with USRP, she generated a series of 87 online articles, which gave a qualitative look into the USRP internship

Conference Session

The Influence of Cooperative Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jim Wojciechowski, Grand Valley State University; Charles Standridge, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

use of Excel; engineering terminology, mechanisms anddevices; and the engineering design process. This knowledge was applied duringthe co-op experience to customer relationship topics such as meetingrequirements, using design standards, satisfying machine footprint constraints,and writing documentation that was understandable to all constituents. Generalcurricular knowledge was also applied to technical issues such as calculating thethrust force of a pneumatic cylinder given its bore size, stroke length, andsupplied air pressure. The professional development gained each co-op semesterbetter prepared the student for the ensuing curricular education experience invarious ways including assurance that no curricular assignment, project, or task

Conference Session

Faculty Set the Preliminary Standards for Co-ops

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. Mark Schreck, University of Louisville; Angela Cline, University of Louisville

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

informationis stressed - data about the company, the project, and the impact on the business is required. Inaddition, as with the performance appraisal, a focus on ABET learning outcomes using aquestion/answer format has been added. This approach captures and summarizes the relevancyof the co-op learning experience with respect to ABET learning outcomes, for the student and thefaculty reviewer. A sample of a co-op report in the new format is included in the Appendix.Exit Interview: Feedback to the student and reflection by the student on the co-op experience is Page 15.515.7a critical element of the learning process. An in-depth exit interview with the

Conference Session

Workplace Concerns, Realities, and Intangibles

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Gunn, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

, Economic Analysis, Recommendation for Action Tools: EES.Powerpoint ME 391 – Mechanical Engineering Analysis ME 412 – Heat Transfer Reading, thinking, and teamwork Design Project Documentation: Tools: Matlab Formal Report (1 @ 10 pp. + App., Individual) Memo Reports ( X @ 2 - 5 pages App., Individual) Tools: MS Word

Conference Session

Stops and Starts in the Development of Cooperative Education Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bryan E. Dansberry, NASA Johnson Space Center

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

AC 2012-4594: EXAMINING OUTCOMES DATA FROM AN UNDERGRAD-UATE INTERNSHIP PROGRAMMr. Bryan E. Dansberry, NASA Johnson Space Center Bryan Dansberry has been involved in experiential education for nearly 30 years as a co-op student, mentor, professor, and now internship Project Manager. As a member of ASEE, he has served actively in the leadership of the Cooperative and Experiential Education Division. Page 25.596.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Examining Outcomes Data from an Undergraduate Internship ProgramAbstractIn 2008 NASA’s Undergraduate Student Research Program

Conference Session

Preparing and Retaining Engineering Students

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

La Tondra Murray, Duke University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative & Experiential Education

ExperiencesCompetence: Knowledge - Cultivation of technical - Learning about new and/orabout the technical expertise emerging technologies whiledomain - Logical thinking managing routine job requirements - Critical thinking - Understanding the business - Analytical capability implications of technical decisions - Problem solving - Learning new processes, tools, and - Project management methodologies to support the organization’s goals