Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Diane L Peters P.E., Kettering University; Ronald E Kumon, Kettering University; Gabrielle Feeny

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

, a midwestern STEM-focusedinstitution, received an internal grant to develop a class in research for undergraduates. Thisclass, which is designed to be offered online either for cohorts or for individual students as anindependent study, contains information and resources on a diverse range of issues such asmotivation for research, research ethics, planning a research project, conducting literaturesearches, experimental procedures, keeping lab documentation for various types of projects, dataanalysis, technical writing, intellectual property, and issues relevant to scoping out one’s ownresearch project.This paper will give the background for the course development, evaluation of the requiredcontent and decisions on structure and format, and

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session I: WIP: Experiential Learning Potpourri

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Howell, University of South Florida; Chris S. Ferekides, University of South Florida; Wilfrido A. Moreno P.E., University of South Florida; Tom Weller, Oregon State University; Arash Takshi, University of South Florida

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

critical competencies identified by theNational Association of Colleges and Employers (NACE), engage with engineering industryrepresentatives, researchers, and faculty, and understand engineering ethics from apractical/professional perspective.The theory of action-state orientation is utilized. Research demonstrates that action-orientedcollege students attain higher grade point averages and engage in more extracurricular activitiesthan state-oriented students. In the PFE course series, students create and maintain a personalizedundergraduate career roadmap using experiential learning activities. Students set goals, and trackand assess their individual progress to achieving those goals. They use Risk Managementprocesses to resolve ethical case

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Candyce Hill, Michigan State University; Katy Luchini-Colbry, Michigan State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

andconducting research from locations in time zones around the globe. The learning goals for thiscourse were developed such that students who participated in the course would: • Learn about research mentoring styles and build skills for communicating about goals and expectations with research mentors • Examine and apply time management skills for balancing academic, research and personal goals during college • Gain an understanding of the structure of research literature and develop skills for identifying and organizing appropriate references within their field of research • Explore methods for documenting and disseminating research results in engineering • Learn about ethical practices for research, and be able to articulate key

Conference Session

Internship, Co-Op, and Professional Development Programs

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Frank E. Falcone, Villanova University; Andrea L. Welker, Villanova University; Gayle F. Doyle, Villanova University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

Professional Practices in Engineering and Engineering in the Humanistic Context which are courses focused on exploring a wide range of leadership, management & ethical issues confronting engineers and engineering students on a day-to-day basis. Prof. Falcone is a registered professional engineer, a diplomat in the American Academy of Water Resources Engineers, a retired Captain of the U.S. Navy, a former William C. Foster fellow at the U.S. Department of State and a consultant for the U.S. Department of State in the field of International Arms Control. In 2017, he was awarded the EDUCATOR OF THE YEAR Award from the American Society of Civil Engineers, Philadelphia Section.Dr. Andrea L. Welker, Villanova University Dr

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1 - Skill and Competency Development through the Co-op Experience

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Haaniyah Ali, York University; Jeffrey Harris, York University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

but little confidence in it. This is because their courses casta large net in context and were unable to fully specialize in much. Students barely mentionedpersonal or social ethics, neither in school nor in the workforce. Organization was a skill thatwas not linked to a particular context but students agreed it to be a skill they had utilizedfrequently. All of the students described their work environment as independent-focused. Onestudent mentioned “guidance from [their] supervisor” throughout the placement, while theother student focused on their learning from doing. It seems from the conversations that manyof the students had more formal relationships with their supervisor, mirroring managers morethan mentors. This did adapt and

Conference Session

Integrating Experiential Learning into the Curriculum

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark J. Povinelli, Syracuse University; Jonnell A. Robinson, Syracuse University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

importance of traditionallearning pedagogies combined with experiential learning has been shown to increase overallcognitive competency [7] - [9]. To maintain relevancy and competitiveness in engineeringeducation, hands-on learning experiences with a global perspective needs to be integrated intothe curriculum [10], [11]. We believe critical skills such as empathizing, weighing ethicalconsiderations and effective communication are needed by graduates to navigate the 21st centuryglobal societal needs [12] - [17]. These learning opportunities could allow them to learn andpractice empathetical and ethical decision making with people from diverse backgrounds.Central to this capability is to provide the students with experiential learning opportunities

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Radana Dvorak, City University of Seattle ; John L. Whiteman, University of Portland

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

Bachelors of Science in computer science from Portland State University and a Bachelors of Arts in Asian studies from the University of Maryland University College. John holds multiple security certifications, including Certified Information Systems Security Profession (CISSP), Certified Cloud Security Profes- sional (CCSP), Certified Ethical Hacker (CEH), and CompTIA Security+. John is a U.S. Navy veteran who honorably served as a surface sonar technician and shipboard/classroom instructor. He is a member of the OWASP leadership team for the Portland, Oregon chapter and hosts a popular security podcast for them. John has over 20 years of experience in high tech with 10 years focused on security, working at startups

Conference Session

Integrating Experiential Learning into the Curriculum

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Martha M. Snyder, Nova Southeastern University; Manuel Salinas, Nova Southeastern University; Molly J. Scanlon, Nova Southeastern University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

Paper ID #21789Using Experiential Learning in Course Curriculum: The Case of a Core En-gineering Graphics CourseDr. Martha M. Snyder, Nova Southeastern University Martha (Marti) Snyder, Ph.D., PMP, SPHR teaches undergraduate and graduate courses in learning design and technology, design thinking, project management, and computing privacy and ethics. She also chairs doctoral student dissertations. Marti researches effective designs for teaching and learning in face-to- face, blended, online, mobile, and virtual learning environments; and issues relating to technology use among older adults. Her work crosses multiple

Conference Session

Integrating Experiential Learning into the Curriculum

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Félix Langevin Harnois, École de Technologie Supérieure; Jerome Harrison, École de Technologie Supérieure; Prasun Lala, École de Technologie Supérieure; Ghizlane El Boussaidi, École de Technologie Supérieure; Christian Desrosiers, École de Technologie Supérieure; Catherine Laporte, École de Technologie Supérieure

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

, tracking and shape analysis using statistical methods. As an adjunct researcher at Sainte-Justine Hospital Research Cen- tre, she is currently developing applications of ultrasound image analysis for non-invasive follow-up of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis and the analysis of tongue motion for the study of speech production. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Promoting good scientific communication habits by leveraging the community of practice within a single research groupNotesNote the first three authors contributed equally to this manuscript. Also note that this studyreceived ethics approval from the ethics board of our institution to gather data from

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Patricia Caratozzolo P.E., Tecnológico de Monterrey; Anna Friesel, Technical University of Denmark; Peter Jan Randewijk, Technical University of Denmark; David Navarro-Duran, Tecnológico de Monterrey

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

which you do not agree, without letting the disagreement taking interfere with one's reasoning. Understanding Consider the integration of gender, nationality, beliefs of diversity and experience. Ethics Be able to face ethical dilemmas in the professional field.Collaboration Setup and TimelineWith the theoretical framework of Education 4.0 in mind, collaboration between bothinstitutions was initiated in March 2019 to establish a common ideas and interests framework.The ASEE 2019 conference presented the ideal opportunity to meet in-person for drafting ofmore detailed definitions for suitable projects with

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2 - Development, Assessment, and Impact of Experiential Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Rachael E. Cate, Oregon State University; Donald Heer, Oregon State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

, and itcan be the process of questioning and keeping an open mind to evolving circumstances that ismostly highly valued sometimes.” Because Rachael’s training is in the humanities and socialsciences, it is perhaps unsurprising that her response focuses more on holistic abilities such ascritical thinking and ethical responsibility. She notes values that inform her work are “Criticalawareness of situations that enable learners to make ethical decisions about their own practicesand also to take a holistic perspective.”Rachael’s background as a qualitative educational researcher and interpretive cultural studiesanalyst causes her to focus her response on the impossibility of “true objectivity” in research,even when that research includes

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Carol S. Stwalley, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Robert Merton Stwalley III P.E., Purdue University at West Lafayette; Grace Lynn Baldwin; Virginia Lynn Booth-Womack, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Sarah Larose

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

improvement in learning through the taking of personal responsibility forthe outcome; a knowing of how to learn complex material; an enhanced capability for problemsolving; a deeper analytical thinking; and an increased commitment to their discipline. Studentswith professional practice backgrounds also exhibit improved employability traits compared totheir colleagues, including: elevated work ethic, enhanced social development, improved projectplanning skills, and advanced interviewing skills [34]. Finally, it has been suggested thatprofessional practice students develop a stronger ethical sense, a deeper awareness of who theyare, and an improved understanding of their own self, over their peers without relevantprofessional work experience [35

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session I: WIP: Experiential Learning Potpourri

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faye R. Jones, Florida State University; Marcia A. Mardis, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; Ebrahim Randeree, Florida State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

higher rates for these skilled technicians, they will continue to seek employees withknowledge that extends beyond the theoretical concepts learned in the classroom, graduates whocan apply concepts, teach them to others, and who possess the qualities and work-ethic of leaders[4]. As a result, students who are able to demonstrate that they have acquired the skills andqualities of leaders are at an advantage over those who have just learned basic skills [5].Educators are increasingly expected to ready students for college and career; these skillstranscend content knowledge but also provides students with employability skills that will enablethem to quickly adjust to their new roles and be prepared to adapt and further their careers [6].Gaining

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session I: WIP: Experiential Learning Potpourri

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Katherine McConnell, University of Colorado, Boulder/Denver; Julie Elizabeth Steinbrenner, University of Colorado, Boulder; Daniel Knight, University of Colorado, Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

, which can lead students tochoose activities based on last-minute availability rather than long-term value. Efforts areongoing to more fully integrate the ​Design Your Career a​ ctivities into the student culture, withcurrent projects including physical displays and the development of online resources to supportstudents in strategically planning their own progression through the program.Additional next steps for the SEE Initiative during Spring 2019 include the addition of industrytours and Explore ME Dinners, as well as beginning to develop industry-based problems for usein core courses. There are also plans to continue refining the ethics and workplace transitioncomponents of the initiative, with ideas for future offerings including an

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 4 - Innovating Engineering Education through Industry and Community Partnerships, Maker Spaces, Competitions, Research Initiatives, and Experiential Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeremy Straub, North Dakota State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

TypesThis section provides an overview of several types of cybersecurity competitions. First, red teamevents are discussed; then, blue team events are presented. Next, red versus blue style andcapture the flag competitions are each reviewed. Finally, knowledge competitions and tabletopexercises are summarized.Red Team / Penetration Testing Events – Red team and penetration testing events place studentsin the role of penetration testers or ethical hackers. These types of competitions typically involveidentifying security vulnerabilities in information technology systems to exploit and exploitingthem to gain access to computing resources. Typically, a documentation component is alsoincluded where teams report on the security vulnerabilities that

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kristen Koopman, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Robert S. Emmett, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; Nicole P. Sanderlin, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

, Feb. 2020.[17] C. B. Newman, “Corporate Internships, Undergraduate Research, and Finances: Successful African American Engineers’ Consideration of Immediate Workforce Entry or Graduate School.,” J. STEM Educ. Innov. Res., vol. 21, no. 1, pp. 11–17, Apr. 2020.[18] C. Murphy and P. Gardoni, “Understanding Engineers’ Responsibilities: A Prerequisite to Designing Engineering Education: Commentary on ‘Educating Engineers for the Public Good Through International Internships: Evidence from a Case Study at Universitat Politècnica de València,’” Sci. Eng. Ethics, vol. 25, no. 6, pp. 1817–1820, Dec. 2019.[19] M. Polmear, D. R. Simmons, and N. A. Clegorne, “Undergraduate Civil Engineering Students’ Perspectives on Skills for Future

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dennis Rogalsky P.E., Minnesota State University, Mankato; Ronald Ulseth P.E., Iron Range Engineering

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

knowledge transfer [13].Professional learning happens across multiple domains. Professional responsibility is modeledand practiced throughout as timeliness, respect, appropriate dress, appropriate language are allmade explicit with continuous feedback coming from faculty and staff. Teamwork skills areprovided in seminars and practiced in design teams. Multiple workshops per week address topicssuch as: inclusion, ethical action, leadership, reflection, management, happiness, life-workbalance, overcoming adversity, and communication. Each week during the EDP students writethree one-page learning journal entries, most of which are reflective prompts from some aspectof professional learning. These student reflections related to professional

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3 - Co-op Recruitment and Factors Affecting Success

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Dennis Rogalsky, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Bart M. Johnson, Itasca Community College; Ronald R. Ulseth, Iron Range Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

; apply engineering principles to multiple open-ended problems; and use reflection andmetacognition as ways to promote technical knowledge transfer [12].Professional learning happens across multiple domains. Professional responsibility is modeledand practiced throughout as timeliness, respect, appropriate dress, appropriate language are allmade explicit with continuous feedback coming from faculty and staff. Teamwork skills areprovided in seminars and practiced in design teams. Multiple workshops per week address topicssuch as: inclusion, ethical action, leadership, reflection, management, happiness, life-workbalance, overcoming adversity, and communication. Each week during the EDP students writethree one-page learning journal entries, most of

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 4

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

John H. Callewaert, University of Michigan; Joanna Mirecki Millunchick, University of Michigan; Cassandra Sue Ellen Jamison, University of Michigan; Kevin Cai Jiang, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

(communication, creativity, empathy, entrepreneurial mindset,ethics, global/cultural awareness, grit/persistence/resilience, leadership, lifelong learning, riskmanagement, systems thinking, and teamwork). Although most students at this institutionparticipate in experiential learning, the framework aims to provide students with richer, moremeaningful experiences through intentional engagement and reflection. Through several informalconversations, both students and employers have expressed the need for students to reflect andbe able to better communicate the value of their experiences in relation to their technical skillsand career aspirations. This point is reinforced by recent industry reports which emphasize thedifficult time employers have in finding

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 1 - Skill and Competency Development through the Co-op Experience

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Nassif E. Rayess, University of Detroit Mercy; David Pistrui, University of Detroit Mercy; Ron Bonnstetter, Target Training International; Eric T. Gehrig, Target Training International

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

skills -21% Conflict level (0-4): 1S5 Male Appreciating others Company: Government, defense +13% Conflict described: Personal ethical Conflict management conflict about the nature of the work +25% Conflict resolved: No Goal orientation -12% Conflict level (0-4): 1 Interpersonal skills +47%S6 Female, Appreciating others Company: Small IT firm URM -22% Conflict described: Personal internal Conflict management conflict about work -2% Conflict resolved: Yes Goal

Conference Session

Postcard Session: Experiential Learning as a High-Impact Student Experience

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Schultz, Brigham Young University; Aaron R. Hawkins, Brigham Young University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

graduate school. (f) Applying for fellowships. (g) Engineering ethics. (h) Is graduate school right for you? (i) Networking in school and your career. Each IMMERSE student gives a technical presentation during the summer group meeting (see Figure 15), which provides a supportive atmosphere consisting mostly of their peers. These presentations help students improve communications skills and put their specific research into a “big picture” context. After the presentation, audience members give suggestions on what they liked about the presentation and what could be improved. Figure 15. Student presentation during an IMMERSE group meeting.2. Individual Research Meetings: Student research projects are divided

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeremy Straub, North Dakota State University

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

virtual conference (one participant also participated in a second online conference that was directly relevant to his research topic). • Online video games and puzzles, identified by participants. • Online virtual tours using Google Maps and other websites, identified by participants. • Playing the Black Hills Information Security’s Backdoors and Breaches game using a document camera through Microsoft Teams. • Remote presentation from a researcher at NASA JPLAdditionally, times were arranged for cohort members to briefly present their research topics andprogress to others in the cohort and to discuss what they had learned about researchmethodologies and techniques. A newly developed program on research ethics and

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Lelanie Smith, University of Pretoria; Nadia Millis Trent P.E., University of Waikato

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

than relevant to industrial design experiences [26]-[30]. Traditionalcurricula have limited potential for real-world project-based learning opportunities in comparison tointegrated curricula and co-curricular activities. Furthermore, some research [5], [31]-[34] suggestsaligning pedagogy to authentic industry related/driven projects enhances employability [35].Fisher [36] commented that co-curricular activities present an opportunity for students to developprofessional skills that include teamwork, ethics, communication, life-long learning and the socialimpact of engineering. Research on the higher level impact on student involvement in specificco-curricular programmes show favourable development of professional and technical skills [37]-[40

Conference Session

CEED Technical Session II: Developing Research and Design Skills Through Experiential Learning

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Vicki V. May P.E., Dartmouth College; Charles R. Sullivan, Dartmouth College; Honor J. Passow P.E., Dartmouth College; Benoit Cushman-Roisin, Dartmouth College

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

6 7 Construction skills (building, tinkering) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Cultural awareness/understanding 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Ethics 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Please rate the level to which you agree/disagree with the following statements on a scale from 1 to 7 with 1 indicating strongly disagree to 7 indicating strongly agree: 1=Strongly Disagree 7=Strongly Agree It is important to me to learn how to make the world more 1 2 3

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 4 - Innovating Engineering Education through Industry and Community Partnerships, Maker Spaces, Competitions, Research Initiatives, and Experiential Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeremy Straub, North Dakota State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

of stipend provided,comparing research topics at the different institutions and by the dates that they receive theiroffers on.All REU sites provide students with hands-on research opportunities with faculty mentorship [1].Most sites offer a variety of research training programs and technical seminars (e.g., [2]) andtraining in technical writing (e.g., [5]). Sites are also required to offer training in research ethics[1]. Many sites also provide training about how to select and apply to graduate school (e.g., [5]),for students who choose to pursue further education. However, even with all of these programs(some of which may be offered outside of normal work hours), the bulk of student time at REUsites is spent on research activities.2.2

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 3 - Co-op Recruitment and Factors Affecting Success

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Katherine McConnell, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

what the dress code is for each event, if it's okay to ask alumni for their contact information, if it's okay to bring resumes, etc.Theme 4: Standing OutA final theme from the interviews and focus groups was that for students who succeeded atovercoming each of the three challenges already described, there was still a hurdle associatedwith standing out in a pile of very similar applications. Students expressed concerns about theirability to clearly explain why they would be a uniquely strong candidate when the other 200+students in their graduating class all had similar experience. They also expressed concerns aboutthe limitations of a resume and cover letter when it came to demonstrating qualities liketeamwork skills, work ethic, and

Conference Session

Cooperative and Experiential Education Division Technical Session 2 - Development, Assessment, and Impact of Experiential Education

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Beata Johnson, Purdue University at West Lafayette; Joyce B. Main, Purdue University at West Lafayette (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

, orSES. In the third and final pass, we focused on reading for details related to themes identified inthe initial analysis, including discussion of the conceptual framework and patterns in types of out-of-class involvement.Findings and DiscussionProfessional Development Outcomes Associated with Student Organization Involvement.Researchers have defined and examined student outcomes impacted by out-of-class experiencesin a variety of ways. In the realm of professional development, these outcomes range fromintellectual and competency development to value constructs (e.g., ethics, professionalresponsibility, sustainability affect) and constructs of self-efficacy and professional identity(including sense of belonging, work self-efficacy, and

Conference Session

Integrating Experiential Learning into the Curriculum

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Fu Zhongli, National University of Defense Technology; Zihan Lin, National University of Defense Technology; Tianqi Zhang, National University of Defense and Technology; Zhao Zhao, National University of Defense Technology; Tong Wu, National University of Defense Technology; Huang Zhang, National University of Defense Technology; Zhang Jianing, Changsha SunVote Limited, China; Changfang Zhang, National University of Defense Technology; Yan Xu, Changsha SunVote Limited

Tagged Divisions

Cooperative and Experiential Education

Huang is a Lecturer in the National University of Defense Technology. His main research interests include global engineering education, ethics of education, and philosophy of Science and technology. He received his BS degree in public manage and PhD degree in philosophy of science and technology both from National University of Defense Technology (China). He is a visiting scholar of National University of Singapore and the Member of the International Association for Continuing Engineering EducationI- ACEE.Mrs. Zhang Jianing, Changsha SunVote Limited, China Jianing Zhang is an Engineer of Changsha SunVote Limited,China. She received her B.S.(1995), M.S.(1998), in Circuit and System from Tianjin University, China. She