Conference Session

Empowering Change: Cultivating Inclusive and Sustainable Futures in STEM Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kaylla Cantilina, Tufts University; Chelsea Joy Andrews, Tufts University; Fatima Rahman, Tufts Center for Engineering Education and Outreach

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

technicalengineering course can be perceived as an additional load or “tack on'' by both instructors andstudents. Furthermore, in addition to these structural barriers, sociotechnical content does not bydefault include a justice perspective. As such, an intentional focus on justice is necessary whendesigning pedagogical changes toward more holistic engineering education.In response to these challenges and needs, we were funded by the NSF to conduct a research andpedagogical project in which we are integrating justice components throughout a first-yearcomputing for engineers course. Instead of revising an ethics course or tacking on sociotechnicalcontent to a traditional course, we chose to embed justice into our redesign of the “technical”class as much as

Conference Session

Engineering Inclusivity: Challenging Disparities and Cultivating Resilience in Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Alejandro Mejia, The University of Texas at San Antonio; M. Sidury Christiansen, The University of Texas at San Antonio

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #43645Unpacking Whiteness and Racialization in Engineering: A Multimodal DiscourseAnalysis of Social Media PostsDr. Joel Alejandro Mejia, The University of Texas at San Antonio Dr. Joel Alejandro (Alex) Mejia is an Associate Professor with joint appointment in the Department of Biomedical Engineering and Chemical Engineering and the Department of Bicultural-Bilingual Studies at The University of Texas at San Antonio. His research has contributed to the integration of critical theoretical frameworks in engineering education to investigate deficit ideologies and their impact on minoritized communities, particularly

Conference Session

Interrogating Race, Caste, and Power (Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division ECSJ Technical Session 4)

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Secules, Florida International University; Atota Bedane Halkiyo, Florida International University; Maimuna Begum Kali, Florida International University; Nivedita Kumar, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

in Architectural Acoustics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a PhD in Education (Curriculum and Instruction) from the University of Maryland. Prior to his academic career, Stephen was an acoustical consultant for 5 years. His education research has focused on culture and equity in engineering education, particularly undergraduate contexts, pedagogy, and student support. Through his work he aims to use critical qualitative, video-based, participatory, and ethnographic methods to look at everyday educational settings in engineering and shift them towards equity and inclusion. He also leads the Equity Research Group where he mentors graduate and undergraduate students in pursuing critical and action-oriented

Conference Session

Belonging Across Engineering Environments (Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division ECSJ Technical Session 1)

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shaundra Bryant Daily, Duke University; Jessica Sperling; Yerika A Jimenez, Duke University; Amy Arnold; Kelly Perri, Duke University; Victoria Lee, Duke University; Erin Haseley, Duke University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #45945Reclaiming Space: Fostering Inclusivity for Women in Engineering FieldsShaundra Bryant Daily, Duke University Shaundra B. Daily is the Cue Family Professor of the Practice in Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University. Prior to joining Duke, she was an associate professor with tenure at the University of Florida in the Department of Computer & Information Science & Engineering. She also served as an associate professor and interim co-chair in the School of Computing at Clemson University. Her research focuses on the design, implementation, and evaluation of technologies, programs, and

Conference Session

Bridging Cultures, Advancing Justice: Fostering Inclusion and Sustainability in Engineering Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hyun Kyoung Ro, University of North Texas; Shirley Anderson, University of North Texas

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

education [1].HSI scholars have emphasized the sense of communal or family orientation among Latinxstudents in engineering and computing, attributing it to their validated experiences and academicsuccess [2], [3]. However, research and policy reports suggest that STEM programs often fail toincorporate aspects of Latinx culture, such as representations of Latinx faculty, societal issuesrelevant to Latinx communities, Spanish language, Latinx music, or art [2], [4], [5], [6]. Inparticular, Núñez et al. [2] indicated that canfianza (interpersonal and community connections),respeto (moral integrity), and familismo (family connections in Hispanic culture) in computingare crucial for Latinx computing students' success in Computing Alliance of Hispanic

Conference Session

Identity, Experiences, and Perceptions (Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division ECSJ Technical Session 2)

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lucy Arellano Jr., University of California, Santa Barbara; Margarita Rodriguez, University of California, Santa Barbara

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Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #47768Bridging Pathways: Empowering Latinx STEM Students Through Belonging,Support, and EquityDr. Lucy Arellano Jr., University of California, Santa Barbara Lucy Arellano is an associate professor of higher education at The Gevirtz School of Education at University of California, Santa Barbara. She has almost twenty years of experience in the field of higher education. Her research focuses on persistence, retention, and degree completion for emerging majority students. Concepts of diversity, campus climates, engagement, and student co-curricular involvement ground her work. Furthermore, she examines campus

Conference Session

Engineering Futures: Navigating the Pathways of Education, Inclusion, and Professional Growth

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rajita Singh, University of Oklahoma; Javeed Kittur, University of Oklahoma

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #42024Inclusive Teaching Practices in Engineering: A Systematic Review of Articlesfrom 2018 to 2023Rajita Singh, University of Oklahoma Rajita Singh is a junior at the University of Oklahoma, where they are pursuing an English major with a minor in Psychology. Passionate about the improvement of education in all fields, they are involved in multiple projects centered on researching pedagogy. Their most recent involvement has been in engineering pedagogy, where they bring their writing skills and synthesis abilities.Dr. Javeed Kittur, University of Oklahoma Dr. Kittur is an Assistant Professor in the Gallogly

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 11

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Margaret E.B. Webb, Virginia Tech ; Marie C. Paretti, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

-making and agency in migration,and the ways in which their positive identity development rested on having access and thereforecontrol over paid, and both career- and professional identity-building work opportunities.According to authors in this review, the instability displaced students experience as they developtheir professional identities was even more threatening when students are enrolled inengineering. This was primarily due to the culture of engineering and its focus on efficiency andrigor in the curriculum [31], evidenced by an “efficient and cost-effective transfer of a certainamount of content in a lockstep process” [77] (p. 258). Engineering plans of study are designedfor students in inherently stable situations, and for students like

Conference Session

Institutional inclusion: Advancing equity and belongingness in engineering education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Fouch, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Zoey Camarillo, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo; Ben Lutz, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

regarding representation and faculty's acknowledgment of their role in fosteringstudent belonging, are integral components of creating an inclusive learning environment. Thismutual recognition highlights the importance of inclusivity and the impact it has on students' senseof belonging.Listening to Student VoicesUnderscored in the other themes, the last theme, Listening to Student Voices, explores beliefssurrounding the importance of making sure students feel comfortable speaking up and alsoincorporating feedback to foster an inclusive atmosphere. One student described the importanceof feeling listened to as related to feeling included. When I think of inclusive teaching, I think of making sure everyone in the classroom kind of

Conference Session

Breaking barriers, building futures: Narratives of equity and inclusion in STEM education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sage Maul, Purdue University; Kirsten A. Davis, Purdue University; Senay Purzer, Purdue University; Ruth Wertz, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

none ofthe students would be familiar with a medication because they were not pharmacists. The studentfelt this meant the instructor did not think anyone taking that medication would be in college.Ehlinger & Ropers’ [33] findings show ways for instructors to make disabled students feel morewelcome in their courses and improve learning. Instructors can make a space for many differenttypes of students as part of making their classrooms more accessible to disabled students.Instructors should avoid conveying that they expect only certain kinds of people to be in theircourses.Universal Design (UD) is frequently recommended as an approach to integrate accommodationsinherently into courses [38], [40], [42]. UD is “[t]he design of products and

Conference Session

Engineering Education in Colonial and Local Contexts (Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division ECSJ Technical Session 8)

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashish Agrawal, Rochester Institute of Technology (CET); Sarah Aileen Brownell, Rochester Institute of Technology (COE)

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

areexplained away by a false sense of meritocracy, an idea that people get what they personallymerit, rather than seeing injustice as a consequence of technological design, bias or largersystemic issues [2]. Faculty who been trained immersed in this culture, tend to normalize themainstream values and lack training and comfort in integrating social justice issues in theircourses [4]. And students who have interest in social justice often feel they must leave it at thedoor of their engineering classes [2]. As a result, students are often unaware of how engineering intersects with social justice[3]. And even when they are aware, it becomes less important to students over the course of theircareers [2]. Prior scholarship has highlighted a narrow

Conference Session

Interrogating Race, Caste, and Power (Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division ECSJ Technical Session 4)

Collection

2025 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nivedita Kumar, Florida International University; Stephen Secules, Florida International University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

issue affecting women’s participation in STEM fields.Dr. Stephen Secules, Florida International University Dr. Stephen Secules is an Assistant Professor in the School of Universal Computing, Construction, and Engineering Education at Florida International University. Secules holds a joint appointment in the STEM Transformation Institute and a secondary appointment in the Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering. He has bachelor degrees in engineering from Dartmouth College, a master’s in Architectural Acoustics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, and a PhD in Education (Curriculum and Instruction) from the University of Maryland. Prior to his academic career, Stephen was an acoustical consultant for 5

Conference Session

Engineering Futures: Navigating the Pathways of Education, Inclusion, and Professional Growth

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Katherine Gilmartin, Stanford University; Sara Jordan-Bloch, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

undergraduate engineering degrees, newlyentering the workforce. These data were collected as part of an ongoing research project at ourlab focused on women’s leadership development. This project is separate from Study 1, buthighly synergistic with our Study 1 interview data and have the added benefit (for thisconference paper) of being collected, by design, among early-career engineers. After describingour Study 2 sample and methods in this section, we integrate quotations and themes from Study2 into our results below–with a focus on if and how the voices and experiences of women inStudy 2 aligned with, called into question, and/or expanded our Study 1 dataset. Study 2findings are reported in Section 4.4, following Study 1 findings.Participants from

Conference Session

Institutional inclusion: Advancing equity and belongingness in engineering education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kassandra Fernandez, University of Florida; Krista Dulany Chisholm, University of Florida; Nancy Ruzycki, University of Florida

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

autonomy, empowerment, and affinity, whichprovide an add-value to one or both parties in the mentoring relationship.Mentorship in higher education most often adheres to traditional mentoring frameworks, whichare primarily concerned with mentor-driven mentee development and can be grouped into twofactions [22]: development through assimilation into institutional culture (this may occur byincreasing mentee involvement [23], [24], [25], facilitating mentee integration [26], [27], [28], andproviding the mentee with support and challenge [29], [30]) and development through emulatingthe mentor (which occurs by the mentor serving as a role model [31], [32], [33]). Traditionalmentoring frameworks assume that student mentees can only ever be impacted in

Conference Session

Charting Inclusivity: Advancing Diversity, Equity, and Technology in Engineering and Computing Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clay Walker, University of Michigan

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

born to families made up of engineers and otherprofessional in closely aligned fields (e.g., scientists), no one grows up using the language andliteracy practices of engineering, exactly. These abilities are taught and learned and make up thebasis for writing pedagogy in engineering education often called writing in the disciplines orwriting across the curriculum. The underlying the academic literacy practices in engineeringidentities resides an array of linguistic practices – what Gee would call ways of saying-being-doing-feeling. Considering the cultural basis for these ways of making meaning is important inthe age of AI as students collaborate with and negotiate language with large language models.However, before considering how language

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 7

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kiana Alexa Ramos; Julia Gardow; Emanuel Joseph Louime; Eunice Yujin Kang; Avneet Hira, Boston College

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #38611Promoting Belonging and Breaking Down Gatekeeping in Youth-CenteredEngineering SpacesKiana Alexa RamosJulia GardowEmanuel Joseph LouimeEunice Yujin KangDr. Avneet Hira, Boston College Dr. Avneet Hira is an Assistant Professor in the Human-Centered Engineering Program and the Depart- ment of Teaching, Curriculum and Society (by courtesy) at Boston College. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Promoting belonging and breaking down gatekeeping in youth-centered engineering spacesAbstract In recent years there has been a movement to increase accessibility

Conference Session

Breaking barriers, building futures: Narratives of equity and inclusion in STEM education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bailey Bond-Trittipo, Florida International University; Stephen Secules, Florida International University; Jocelyn Garcia; Maria Oralia Tinoco Alegre, Florida International University; Malak Elaouinate, Florida International University; Andrew Green, Florida International University; Andres TREMANTE

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #41618A Liberatory Co-Curricular Program for Engineering Students: InvestigatingImpacts and Limitations Through Alumni PerspectivesBailey Bond-Trittipo, Florida International University Bailey Bond-Trittipo is an engineering and computing education Ph.D. candidate within the School of Universal Computing, Construction, and Engineering Education (SUCCEED) at Florida International University. Her research interests center on employing critical theoretical frameworks and qualitative methodologies to study liberatory pedagogies in engineering education and undergraduate engineering students’ participation in

Conference Session

Engineering Equity: Challenging Paradigms and Cultivating Inclusion in Technical Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nrupaja Bhide, Purdue University; Yash Ajay Garje, Purdue University; Siddhant Sanjay Joshi, Purdue University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

importantly, educators rely heavily on metaphors to facilitate teaching andlearning processes [35]. Martinez et al. [35] collected reflections from 50 experienced teachersand noticed that most draw on the idea of teaching and learning as a transmission of knowledge.A few consider it a constructivist endeavor or a social process. They add that integrating studiesof metaphors in instructional psychology and curriculum design can drive home the point thatmetaphors are like the blueprints of thinking about teaching and learning, and the blueprints weuse to shape the classrooms we build [35]. Studies exploring how metaphors are used forunderstanding and communicating abstract ideas are prevalent across disciplines. The nextsection will summarize the

Conference Session

Engineering Equity: Challenging Paradigms and Cultivating Inclusion in Technical Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kiana Alexa Ramos; Isabella Stuopis, Boston College; Emanuel Joseph Louime; Peyton Elise Carter; Caitlyn Hancock; Avneet Hira, Boston College

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Hira, Boston College Dr. Avneet Hira is an Assistant Professor in the Human-Centered Engineering Program and the Department of Teaching, Curriculum and Society (by courtesy) at Boston College. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024 Work In Progress: Promoting Belonging in Engineering through the Creation of Youth-centered Technology-Rich SpacesIntroduction In 2024, we are not offering a novel idea when we contend that the promise ofmakerspaces to achieve inclusion across contexts has not been met [1], [2]. While suchtechnology-rich spaces still have the potential to support youth from minoritized groups to createartifacts aligned with their interests and values [3], [4

Conference Session

Equity in Engineering: Uncovering Challenges and Championing Change in STEM Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Candice Wicker Bolding (CJ), Clemson University; Robert M O'Hara, Clemson University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

understanding the needs of students with disabilities, with a particular focus oninclusive classroom environments that actively promote a sense of belonging. Institutions anddepartments should consider developing more robust support structures that go well beyond whatis typically considered an accessibility service. For example, creating opportunities for studentsto be mentored with peers or professionals who might share similar experiences. Perhaps one ofthe strongest interventions to support and promote sense of belonging would be curriculum andpedagogy adjustments that include more diverse perspectives, especially including those ofpeople with disabilities. For example, this could involve integrating case study examples thathighlight the

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 7

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karina Ivette Vielma, The University of Texas, San Antonio; Joel Alejandro Mejia, The University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #39291Analyzing the Needs of Engineering Teaching Assistants: Examining HiddenDeficit IdeasDr. Karina Ivette Vielma, The University of Texas, San Antonio Dr. Karina I. Vielma is a first-generation college student who dreamed big. As the eldest of five children, Dr. Vielma became very resourceful, attributing her skills to growing up in poverty. Her parents had high expectations for school and this prepareDr. Joel Alejandro Mejia, The University of Texas, San Antonio Dr. Joel Alejandro (Alex) Mejia is an Associate Professor with joint appointment in the Department of Biomedical and Chemical Engineering and the

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 4

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rebecca Zarch, SageFox Consulting Group; Sarah T. Dunton; Jayce R. Warner, University of Texas, Austin; Jeffrey Xavier; Joshua Childs, University of Texas, Austin; Alan Peterfreund, SAGE

Tagged Topics

Diversity

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Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #39681Common Metrics: Lessons from Building a Collaborative Process for theExamination of State-level K–12 Computer Science Education DataRebecca Zarch, SageFox Consulting Group Rebecca Zarch is an evaluator and a director of SageFox Consulting Group. She has spent nearly 20 years evaluating and researching projects in STEM education from K-12 through graduate programs.Sarah T. DuntonJayce R. Warner, University of Texas, AustinMr. Jeffrey XavierJoshua Childs, University of Texas, AustinDr. Alan Peterfreund, SAGE ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2023 Common Metrics: Lessons from

Conference Session

Transformative Learning in STEM: Accessibility, Social Impact, and Inclusivity in Higher Education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Motahareh Darvishpour Ahandani, Arizona State University, Polytechnic Campus; Jennifer M Bekki, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

international women of color. Darvishpour Ahandani is deeply committed to improving the well-being of underrepresented groups in STEM, a mission with which she personally identifies.Dr. Jennifer M Bekki, Arizona State University Jennifer M. Bekki is an Associate Professor in The Polytechnic School and the Associate Dean for Inclusive Excellence within The Fulton Schools of Engineering at Arizona State University. Her research aims to understand and address inequities arising from racism and sexism within STEM graduate education. ©American Society for Engineering Education, 2024Exploring the Landscape of Graduate Student Mental Health: Populations,Methods, and Terminologies - Who is Missing from the

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 12

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole Delgado, New Mexico State University; Hilda Cecilia Contreras Aguirre, New Mexico State University; Luis Rodolfo Garcia Carrillo

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

Paper ID #38107Latinx Undergraduate Students: Finding a Place of Belonging in EngineeringNicole Delgado, New Mexico State University I am a first-year Ph.D. student at New Mexico State University in the department of Curriculum and Instruction. I currently work on a sponsored project that supports Latinx undergraduate sophomore, junior, and senior-level students in developing research, technical, interpersonal, academic, and professional skills that are transferable in their decisions to enter into graduate studies or the professional world.Hilda Cecilia Contreras Aguirre, New Mexico State University Hilda Cecilia

Conference Session

Breaking barriers, building futures: Narratives of equity and inclusion in STEM education

Collection

2024 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elahe Vahidi, University of Cincinnati; Mark Okoth Onyango, University of Cincinnati; Kaitlyn Anne Thomas, University of Nevada, Reno; Kelly J Cross, Georgia Institute of Technology; Whitney Gaskins, University of Cincinnati

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

intensify SDT experiences that disproportionately influence BLI students.Specifically, future studies are needed to yield an integrative model of racialized trauma relatedto the engineering educational context. This model will expand current theories and practices forunderstanding racialized trauma and will serve as a basis to better understand experiences of BLIstudents, develop measures of stress and trauma in engineering, and develop and updateengineering education pedagogy to be less traumatizing and more healing.10 AcknowledgmentsThank you to the many hands who played a role in producing this conference paper. Thank youto the PRiDE Research Group in engineering education at the University of Nevada, Reno

Conference Session

Equity, Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY) Technical Session 1

Collection

2023 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Danielle Vegas Lewis, SUNY Fredonia

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Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Culture & Social Justice in Education Division (EQUITY), Equity

were in engineering disciplines. The data were collectedthrough interviews, which sought to capture participants’ motivations for serving as allies,examples of how they serve as such, and the ways in which their ally status affectedrelationships. Data analysis was conducted using both inductive and deductive coding. Findings demonstrate that participants in this study possessed a number of sharedcharacteristics, including an awareness of the additional barriers that women must navigate andrecognition of the importance of building relationships with undergraduate women, both ofwhich seem to be beneficial in allyship efforts. Further, while allies understood that their role asadvocates evolved and developed over time, many participants