Conference Session

Virtual and Distance Experiments

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Prakash Kripakaran, North Carolina State University; Abhinav Gupta, North Carolina State University; Vernon Matzen, North Carolina State University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

educationenvironments via the internet and are now attempting to extend this success to laboratory coursesby allowing students to remotely control and observe various experiments. A key task that arisesin this process of modifying the experiments in traditional laboratories for internet-enabledcontrol and observation is the development of a secure computational framework that uses webtechnologies and computer networking concepts to communicate information between thecomputers of the laboratory and the remote user. This framework that enables internet access tothe experiment must address two main issues : (1) protection for the computers that directlyoperate the experiment from malignant users on the internet, and (2) portability of the frameworkto other

Conference Session

Virtual and Distance Experiments

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhanping You, Michigan Technological University; Qingli Dai, Michigan Technological University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

certainamount of asphalt after mechanical compaction. Figure 1 shows the aggregate for typicalasphalt mixture, different sizes of coarse aggregate in mixture after image processing, andasphalt mixture construction.a. Aggregate stockpile b. different aggregate size c. asphalt concrete construction Figure 1. Asphalt Mixture and ConstructionThe development of micromechanical models started about a hundred years ago,beginning by Voigt (1889), Einstein (1911), and Reuss (1929). During this time, anumber of research studies addressed micromechanical models with both non-interactingand interacting particles. In models with non-interacting particles, geometries were eitherspecified or not specified. Some simple micromechanical models

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John Bean, Paul Smith's College; James Carroll, Clarkson University; John P. Dempsey, Clarkson University; Andrew H. Strong, Clarkson University; William R. Wilcox, Clarkson University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

load devices, e.g., thermoelectric cells, smallmotors, etc. (figure 1) The laboratory experiments were broken into four parts: solarpanels, electrolyzers, fuel cells, and then a complete system including loads. Each of thefirst three laboratory experiments was designed to measure the operating characteristicsof one of the fundamental components in the system. Once the behavior of eachcomponent was understood, the overall system was examined for a given load. Figure 1. Alternative Energy System Experimental Setup Page 11.158.3For example, during the electrolyzer experiment, students used LabVIEW® to recordvoltage and current waveforms

Conference Session

Design of Laboratory Experiments

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nebojsa Jaksic, Colorado State University-Pueblo

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

current was achieved and calculations predicted atomic-resolution capabilitiesof the designed instruments. While the scans of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite showedsurface characteristics the microscopes could not distinguish individual atoms.1. IntroductionNanotechnology is one of the most vibrant research areas today. Some of the research isin the commercialization stage, like carbon nanotube applications in computer monitorsor energy storage devices. In academia, at the graduate level, there was a substantialnumber of course offerings dealing with various nanotechnology topics. There werefewer successful attempts in presenting this material to the undergraduate studentpopulation, mostly in sciences, while only a handful of isolated reports

Conference Session

Innovative and Computer-Assisted Lab Studies

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David Bloomquist, University of Florida; Michael McVay, University of Florida; Scott Wasman, University of Florida; Clinton Slatton, University of Florida

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

that regardless of the valve(s) position, the water levels are equal for no-flowconditions.Instrument DescriptionThe Hydrodynamic Wheatstone Bridge (HWB) shown in Figure 1, was designed for use as ahands-on lab instrument. It utilizes a 1000 mL graduated cylinder filled with water and placedadjacent to the bridge to create the applied pressure (voltage) to the pipe network (circuit).Swagelok valves represent the four strain gages in the legs of the circuit. The valves areconnected by ¼" OD tubing and 45º brass fittings. Manometer tubes, (Fig. 2) are located in-between the valves, allowing the students to measure the water column height or head (voltage)and the changes caused by opening or closing one or more valves. The valves can be adjusted

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Linda Schmidt, University of Maryland-College Park; Janet Schmidt, University of Maryland-College Park; Paige Smith, University of Maryland-College Park

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Conference Session

On Pedagogy of Lab Courses and Their Design

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen Crown, University of Texas-Pan American; Arturo Fuentes, University of Texas-Pan American; Bob Freeman, University of Texas-Pan American

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

own learning. CBT provides public forums to promote a senseof community. All four of these dimensions of an effective learning environment should bepresent in effective student learning environments. Obtaining a balance of each dimension is thekey to the design of a better learning environment.A faculty development resource called the “CBT” teaching toolbox has been created to assist inthe development of asynchronous interactive computer and web based training(http://crown.panam.edu/toolbox). The teaching toolbox shown in Figure 1 is a website devotedto the dissemination of content and methods developed under a NSF CCLI grant. The toolboxwas developed primarily as a resource for faculty who desire to use interactive computer basedinstruction

Conference Session

NSF Grantees Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mehmet Ozturk, North Carolina State University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Page 11.140.2and observe its response in both time and frequency domains. Therefore, the virtual laboratorycan be effectively used to reinforce theoretical concepts introduced in an introductory class onsignals, circuits and systems. We believe that even though the virtual lab was never intended asa replacement for a hardware laboratory, it can be used as an independent tool provided thestudents had some experience with the measurement tools in a previous course. Page 11.140.3 Figure 1: Virtual laboratory home page.One can find a large variety of applets on the internet intended to teach such concepts. The maindifference

Conference Session

Innovative and Computer-Assisted Lab Studies

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wayne Johnson, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Alesia Ferguson, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences; Patrick Hager, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Aristide Sanou, Armstrong Atlantic State University; Daniel Shenoda, Armstrong Atlantic State University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

have been made to determine STRC’s of pesticides and other chemicals from varioussurfaces to the human skin by developing and employing techniques to perform the contact. Some ofthe techniques used in previous studies include PUF (polyurethane foam) and CDFA (CaliforniaDepartment of Food and Agriculture) rollers 1, 2, the Drag Sled 3, wipe sampling 4, 5 and the foliar washtechnique 6. Other residue transfer experiments have used adult human subjects to perform the dermalcontact with surfaces. For example, human subjects wear cotton dosimeter clothing and act out scriptedactivities (Jazzercise) contacting treated carpets and floors 2, 7. Other times human hand presses, withthe skin or with cotton gloves have been used to measure chemical

Conference Session

Unique Laboratory Experiments and Programs Poster Session

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul Villeneuve, University of Maine

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

fabricating an actuallab station and identifying areas for efficiency. Page 12.410.7 Appendix A, Piping and Instrumentation DiagramPage 12.410.8Page 12.410.9 Appendix B, Bill of MaterialComponent Type Equipment Used Qty Reqd.Vessel 4" Schedule 40 PVC Pipe 6 feetVessel Support- 2" Galvanized Pipe 3 feet- 2" Support Flange 1- 6" Pipe Clamps 3 2" Galvanized Split Rings

Conference Session

Computer-Assisted Lab Studies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julio Garcia, San Jose State University; Patricia Backer, San Jose State University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

in attitudinal measures. Students who used both the computersimulations and hardwired experiments reported that that they learned the material better.Students completed a pre-test and posttest of the Concept Inventory test. In addition, studentstook the General Attitudes Toward Computers test, Computer Thoughts Survey and theComputer Anxiety Rating test.IntroductionThe overarching goal of this curriculum improvement project was to use the work of otherresearchers to improve the delivery of electronics lecture and laboratory content in the Electronic& Computer Technology (ECT) area of the BS in Industrial Technology at San Jose StateUniversity, San Jose California, USA. The five objectives for this project were: 1. Revise the lecture

Conference Session

Computer-Assisted Lab Studies

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lee Toderick, East Carolina University; Jingyuan Deng, East Carolina University; Philip Lunsford, East Carolina University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

ancillary equipment. Specific hardware requirements include aFaraday Cage manufactured by LBA, Greenville, NC, two Axis Copper to Fiber Converters, AT-MC13, a remote portal computer, andPhysical Connectivity of Lab Devices relies on different OSI Layer 1 mediums. Shown in Figure1, equipment is arranged in a Pod, enclosed inside a Faraday Cage, and accessible to studentsthrough a fiber hole. Figure 1. Topology for the various lab components.Students control four computers and a Wireless Access Point (WAP). Computers are labeledWKSta1, WKSta2, Attacker, and WAP Controller. WAP Controller is used to directly connect tothe WAP for configuration. Four computers are the maximum number required by any labmodule. Each computer is

Conference Session

Innovations in Mechanical Engineering Experiments and Labs

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Don Dekker, University of South Florida

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

(Applicationand Use), Accelerometer (Vibration Measurements), and (8) Thermocouple(Construction and Use).Students are given a handout that lists the experiments in the order they areperformed, as well as a statement of essence of each lab. The entire handout of allthe lab instructions and data sheets is 70 pages long. A detailed write-up of eachexperiment is available from the author.Lab 1: Statistical Analysis: The students measure two dimensions of the nut orbolt with a digital calipers and measure the resistance of the resistors with amultimeter. They then have to determine how many tests should be run to have acertain accuracy and confidence level.Lab 2: Electric Motor Performance: Each student team measures voltage,current, force, length of moment

Conference Session

Design of Lab Experiments II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

R. William Graff, LeTourneau University; Jessica Niemi, LeTourneau University; Paul Leiffer, LeTourneau University; Meagan Vaughan, LeTourneau University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

current have often seemed foreign to students since they aremeasurable but not directly visible. Many students dread taking a circuits course because theyhave no “feeling” for voltage, current, resistance, capacitance, or inductance. It might be akin tonever having used a prybar, rolled an object on wheels, or used a screwdriver or pulley. Somestudents have never even siphoned water from one container to another.(The primary author (RWG) admits to having a hard time during his sophomore and junior yearstrying to understand these basic concepts,1 they were simply mathematical equations. He had,when younger, thought that there was something magical about working with mathematics. Ittook a very long time for him to regard electrical problems as

Conference Session

Design of Lab Experiments I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Atin Sinha, Albany State University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

experiments have become a prominent part of the new course structure withoutsacrificing any of the materials covered in the original course. The three hour laboratory sessionis held once a week. Students work in groups of 2 to 3 and complete about 7 to 8 experiments intotal: 1 in RoboLab, 2 in Wind Tunnel, 2 in CNC machine, 2 to 3 in SolidWorks. At thecompletion of each experiment they have to submit an individual lab report in order to get thecredit for conducting that experiment. Because of the wide variation of the nature of eachexperiment, the reports are to some extent dependent on the equipment and the specificexperiment. In general, the lab report is expected to contain title and objective of the experiment,brief description of the procedural

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning through Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bridget M. Smyser, Northeastern University; Gregory J Kowalski, Northeastern University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

a complex series of skills on the part of the students includingskills in mathematical modeling, idea generation, experimental design, and written and oralpresentation. The capstone design process requires the students to generate design concepts andspecifications in response to real-world, open ended problems that may be ambiguous andinvolve a number of systems and a large degree of uncertainty.1 Given the difficulty in teachingthese design thinking skills, Dym et. al. discussed a number of methods for approaching designeducation with the idea of providing continuous improvement in the pedagogy. One of theirsuggestions was to attempt to bring design thinking into all parts of the engineering curriculum,starting with cornerstone design

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning through Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Clark Hochgraf, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); Richard Cliver, Rochester Institute of Technology (CAST); David S Martins, Rochester Institute of Technology

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

. Page 23.639.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013  1 of 15 Getting More Learning From Labs – Six Principles to Build Understandingand SkillAbstractThis paper describes an approach to increasing student learning in engineering labs based onrecent education research [1-4] and industry needs [5]. A set of six guiding principles fordesigning lab exercises are presented. The principles are illustrated in the context of anundergraduate laboratory course in Digital Signal Processing where the pedagogy has evolvedover four years. Changes to the labs were driven by the desire to motivate students’ engagement,improve

Conference Session

Outstanding Contributions to Student Learning through Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Georgia L Harris, NIST

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

instructors. This publication provides quick, easy tounderstand guidance on each of the five phases of the ADDIE model. 1. Analysis – the audience is identified during the analysis phase. The essential outcomes of the training are identified in this phase, sometimes in conjunction with the participant, but more importantly the employer. During a metrology trainer session held in Mexico in 2012, several metrology instructors expressed frustration with the diversity of student knowledge level and level of experience of students attending their courses. A quick review of their metrology course descriptions resulted in identifying an audience that was much broader than they ideally wanted in each course. 2. Design

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences in Electronics and Circuits

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jodi Reeves, National University; Bhaskar Sinha, National University; Mohammad N Amin, National University; Arthur Strum Davis

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

theinstructor set up on a breadboard in the classroom. This section will describe how we usedlaboratory equipment first for on-line lab demonstrations and then for remote laboratoryexperiments where the students could run the equipment and collect real physical measurementsof voltage across different circuit components such as resistors and capacitors from their owncomputer or mobile device.B. Laboratory DesignELVIS stands for Educational Laboratory Virtual Instrumentation Suite and the equipment isshown in Figure 1. According to the National Instruments website7 “ELVIS has 12 of the mostcommonly used laboratory instruments including an oscilloscope (scope), digital multimeter(DMM), function generator, variable power supply, dynamic signal analyzer

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences in Mechanical, Materials and Thermal Systems

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew J. Traum, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Vincent C Prantil, Milwaukee School of Engineering; William C Farrow, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Hope Leigh Weiss, Milwaukee School of Engineering

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Page 23.798.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Interconnecting the Mechanical Engineering Curriculum Through An Integrated Multicourse Model Rocketry ProjectAbstractConventional undergraduate mechanical engineering curricula are split into topical tracks where,from the students’ perspective, each track has limited interconnectivity or overlap with theothers. To provide students a more coherent and cohesive view, we created and are delivering amulticourse curriculum-integrated engineering project that permeates and unifies five requiredclasses within our undergraduate curriculum: 1) Freshman Design, 2) Dynamics, 3) NumericalMethods, 4) Fluid Mechanics, and 5) Thermodynamics

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences in Mechanical, Materials and Thermal Systems

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David R Veazie P.E., Southern Polytechnic State University

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

, and the students were encouraged toreflect, both in writing and orally.The overall academic learning outcomes for the student successfully completing this EngineeringMaterials Laboratory course are summarized by the following:1. Achieve a basic grasp of atomic structure and bonding incorporating crystal structure and crystal defects, including documentation and symbols.2. Demonstrate technical competence controlling material dislocation and strengthening, including utilizing phase diagrams incorporating alloys.3. Apply fundamental rules, laws and criteria for implementing phase transformation/heat treatment for material selection for design and manufacturing.4. Demonstrate the ability to explain and apply fundamental mechanical

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jianyu Dong, California State University, Los Angeles; Pearl Chen, California State University, Los Angeles

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NSF Grantees Poster Session

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

engineeringstudents [5]. However, up to date research on this aspect is still not adequate to generate acomprehensive understanding of PBL in engineering context. In 2013, California StateUniversity Los Angeles received a RIGEE grant from NSF to conduct an interdisciplinaryresearch to study the impact of collaborative project-based learning (CPBL) on the self-efficacyof traditionally underrepresented minority groups in electrical engineering courses. The projectgoals include: 1) Improve the understanding of the factors that affect the self-efficacy of minoritystudent groups in Engineering; 2) Develop better ways to measure the impact of collaborativelearning in the developmental stages of the student learning process in addition to the learningoutcomes; 3

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kenneth Reid, Ohio Northern University; David Reeping, Ohio Northern University

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NSF Grantees Poster Session

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

establishing a common frameworkseems to be a necessary step toward informing curricular reform and program development.Development of the SchemeThree separate methodologies were used to develop the classification scheme: analysis of syllabi,analysis of results of workshop discussion, and a culminating Delphi study. Using a multiplemethod approach allowed for different, iterative versions of the scheme to be created. As moreinformation regarding course outcomes became available, gaps began to emerge. Due to thenature of the data collection, these inconsistencies were resolved and, as a result, completed amore accurate picture of first year engineering courses.Method 1: Analysis of syllabiIn an effort to identify common concepts and student learning

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew W. Ohland, Purdue University and Central Queensland University; Catherine E. Brawner, Research Triangle Educational Consultants; Xingyu Chen, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Marisa K. Orr, Louisiana Tech University

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NSF Grantees Poster Session

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Kikendall Orr, Louisiana Tech University Page 24.32.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2014 A Comparative Study of Engineering Matriculation Practices NSF IEECI Grant 1025171Project goalsThe original major goals of this project are to: 1) describe the matriculation patterns anddisciplinary choices of engineering students using MIDFIELD and 2) explore the underlyingreasons for patterns found with MIDFIELD through interviews with sophomore engineeringstudents at selected MIDFIELD partners. A third goal has since been added to develop ataxonomy of engineering

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zahed Siddique, University of Oklahoma; Firas Akasheh, Tuskegee University; Gül E. Okudan Kremer, Pennsylvania State University, University Park

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NSF Grantees Poster Session

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

usingTeatoL. Using TeatoL students create videos and instructions, based on their experience andprocess for solving open-ended problems, with the mindset of teaching the process and sharingthe learning experience with others. An overall flow of activities in TeatoL is shown in Figure 1.Students are teachers uploading their approach to solving the problems to the system. The postsare viewed using their computers or mobile devices. The students then critically evaluate andcritique posted approaches, submitted by other students, to improve their open-ended problemsolving technique. The students have the opportunity to use comments from others to criticallyevaluate and modify and improve their approaches. These steps can be recursive focusing on

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sohum A. Sohoni, Arizona State University, Polytechnic campus; Kerri S. Kearney, Oklahoma State University; Rebecca L. Damron, Oklahoma State University

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NSF Grantees Poster Session

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

Page 24.87.2professionals) to understand how computers work. We are also working on creating literature,website materials, and tutorials to facilitate PLP’s adoption by other instructors. This work willhelp in the third line of exploration- research on impact of PLP on student learning.1 IntroductionThe Progressive Learning Platform (PLP)[1-3] is a novel, open, adaptable, multi-course ComputerEngineering curriculum and technology platform developed with the help of funding from NSF’sresearch initiation grant in engineering education (RIGEE) program. It is designed to improvestudent learning by closing gaps between courses in a Computer Engineering curriculum, andshowing students the connections among the concepts and skills they learn in

Conference Session

Laboratory Experiences with Mechanical, Materials and Fluid Systems

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Bijan Sepahpour, The College of New Jersey

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

thorough understanding and appreciationof scientific and engineering theories. Every possible effort should be made not to deprive thefuture engineers or educators from this vital component of their education 1. It is thereforenecessary to continue development of effective and efficient pedagogical methods andtechniques for the engineering laboratory experience 2.High quality and dependable Laboratory apparatus is generally expensive due to low productionlevels, specialized features and significantly higher Design Costs built into the final cost. Forexample, the range of cost for a typical educational fatigue testing apparatus is from $10,500 to$35,500. These units are generally adaptations or variations of the R. R. Moore Industrial

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kimberly Warren, University of North Carolina, Charlotte; Chuang Wang, University of North Carolina, Charlotte

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NSF Grantees Poster Session

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

served as an independent program evaluator for four other federally funded research grants: (1) Developing Standards-Based Mathemat- ics Teachers; (2) Behavior and Reading Improvement Center; (3) Translating Inquiry-Based Learning into Environmental Biotechnology Courses at Four Institutions; and (4) Assessment Practices to Sup- port Mathematics Learning and Understanding for Students. Dr. Wang also received six state/regional grants: (1) Expert Witness for Center for Civil Rights Leandro Intervention; (2) High School Challenge: Achievement Gap between At-Risk and Not-At-Risk Students; (3) Elementary School Students’ Self- Efficacy Beliefs and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in Learning English as a Second Language

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ning Gong, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Temple University ; Brian P. Butz, Temple University; Li Bai, Temple University; Saroj Biswas, Temple University

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NSF Grantees Poster Session

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

, Generator/Motor, Animation, Web Application1. Introduction A laboratory practicum is considered a key component of engineering education; however ahands-on approach is often ignored for courses involving electrical machines because of safetyissues, expense, and lack of qualified teaching assistants. Traditionally, machines used in powerlaboratories run at standard line voltage which makes safety an issue requiring that theselaboratories be closely supervised. The IEEE Power Engineering Education Committee (PEEC)Task Force on Education Resources [1] recently surveyed universities in the United States todetermine the state of power education. Within the 118 schools that participated in the survey,202 laboratory courses (or less than 2 per program

Conference Session

NSF Grantees’ Poster Session

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Chiang Shih, Florida A&M University/Florida State University; William S. Oates, Florida State University

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NSF Grantees Poster Session

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Division Experimentation & Lab-Oriented Studies

socialactivities. The summer programs were culminated in a whole-day research symposium withindividual and group presentations plus poster sessions.One unique aspect of the program is the integration of the group design experience into thesummer program. Students were assigned in groups to work in design projects relevant to theirassigned research tasks. Group collaboration sessions were reserved for all REU students toshare their experiences and work on group projects. Two open-ended design projects wereimplemented: (1) Use of smart materials to develop multi-modal movement and agility in 2012,and (2) The development of a quad-rotor aircraft with indoor maneuverability in 2013. In thepaper, we will discuss lessons learned in the coordination of the group