Conference Session

Research Methods I: Developing Research Tools and Methods

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicole P. Pitterson, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Juan David Ortega, Universidad EAFIT, Medellin, Colombia - Purdue University, West Lafayette; Ruth A. Streveler, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Robin Adams, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

to put our two researchquestions into context. First we will discuss the photo elicitation method. Then we will discussmodels for what the career journey of engineering education researchers might look like throughthe lens of Parker Palmer’s movement approach to change 7.Photo elicitation in qualitative researchResearch conducted on the use of photo elicitation as a data collection method speaks to thebenefit of using this approach to uncover hidden stories and or memories participants might notbe aware of 6. Since “photographs are artifacts of what people see and experience” 8(p1), photoelicitation use in reflective studies can provide rich information about deep underlyingperceptions or personal recollection of specific events. Hatten

Conference Session

Project-Based Learning

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul M. Yanik, Western Carolina University; Chip W. Ferguson, Western Carolina University; Sudhir Kaul, Western Carolina University; Yanjun Yan, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

valuable in professional life (96%), improved their leadershipskills (92%), and had gained appreciation for the value of project planning (100%) and technicaldocumentation (96%). It is anticipated that lessons learned from the project sequence willprovide the framework for cross-disciplinary freshman and sophomore assignments in hostinstitution’s PBL curriculum in the future.Keywords: Project management, Rube Goldberg machines, Project Based Learning1. IntroductionAccreditation of engineering programs has long provided a means of quality control of graduatesin the United States.1 In recent years, this practice has come to reflect an emphasis on theoutcomes of student learning rather than on restrictive earlier notions centered on what is

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 2: The Study of Identity in Engineering Education

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Meagan R. Kendall, University of Texas, El Paso; Luis Miguel Procter, University of Texas, El Paso; Anita Patrick, University of Texas, Austin

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. One of the degree plans is housed in a traditional engineering department whereidentity formation is implicit (i.e., our control group), and one is a non-traditional engineeringdegree plan where identity development is explicit. Therefore, before describing the researchmethods used to assess engineering identity development of students in both departments, whatfollows is a summary of how the departments implicitly and explicitly attempt to developengineering identity, particularly in the non-traditional department.Engineering identity development in the non-traditional department is scaffolded across a rangeof activities, from project-based learning and reflection to the deliberate study of other identities,such as entrepreneur and leader. By

Conference Session

Curricular Innovations

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Hillary Hart, University of Texas-Austin; Christy Moore, University of Texas-Austin

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

as opposed to 7th); this result may reflect the increased exposure of undergraduatesto topics of professional responsibility.Many students do not appear to have internalized the importance of research ethics. Along withan article by Whitbeck on “Responsible Authorship,”12 as of March 2006, the Online EthicsCenter for Engineering and Science presents several essays, including one by Eugene Tarnow 13on authorship status, as well as scenarios and resources, such as the Federal Policy on ResearchMisconduct.14,15 But in a survey of students in a graduate class at the UT Austin’s Department ofCivil Engineering, not one had ever heard of the site or of the Federal Policy. Much less arestudents aware of material on research-paper plagiarism

Conference Session

K-12 Activities

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Leilah Lyons, University of Michigan; Zbigniew Pasek, University of Windsor

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

Museum, a children’s science center. Informal learningenvironments, like museums, align well with outreach efforts because they share manygoals: to intrigue, educate, and inspire visitors. Science museums in particular havebecome more conscious of their role as an auxiliary to the education that occurs intraditional classrooms, striving to encourage interest in science10 and to present sciencepolicy issues9 that might not get addressed in the classroom.This exhibit is divided into three parts, reflecting three interrelated fields required tobring a product to market: design, manufacturing, and marketing/business.6,8 Each of thethree parts of the exhibit was designed to emphasize the processes, tools, and careers ofits field, through an

Conference Session

Engineering Education Research in K-12

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Karen A. High, Oklahoma State University; Melanie C. Page, Oklahoma State University; Julie Thomas, Oklahoma State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods, K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

implement reflects themany ways engineer take designs from ideas to reality. Many engineers do build designs using abroad array of techniques. Perhaps one of the biggest differences between engineeringdisciplines is the specialized methods and technologies they use to implement designs. Howeversome engineers implement ideas through manipulation of information, such as designingcomputer software or producing plans. Here the real value is the information in the blueprint orcode, not the medium (paper or magnetic disk) that contains the information. Another option forimplementing a design is to contract another company to build it. In this case the engineer workswith the company to ensure the work is done properly.The fourth step of the engineering

Conference Session

Student Learning, Problem Solving, & Critical Thinking 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Megan Kenny Feister, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Carla B. Zoltowski, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Patrice Marie Buzzanell, Purdue University, West Lafayette; William C. Oakes, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Qin Zhu, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

intogreater detail about, and reflect on, the concepts probed in the individual and team climateinstrument. Participants offered insights into aspects of ethical decision making that were notdirectly present in the instruments, as well as offering a richer description of the often complexteam interactions as the participants experienced them. The interview data offered insight intoboth ethical issues encountered by the individuals and teams, as well as more generalinformation about the team process and how individuals perceived these experiences. As aresult, we found evidence of the categories probed by both the individual and team climateinstrument, as well as new but important aspects of these processes. This paper discusses thefindings about team

Conference Session

Faculty Perspectives of Active Learning, Inequity, and Curricular Change

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeremy Grifski, Ohio State University; Emily Dringenberg, Ohio State University; Dira Melissa Delpech, Ohio State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

currently completing a PhD in Engineering Education under Dr. Dringenberg. His research interests include exploring ideological beliefs as a reflection of tech culture. In his free time, he enjoys watching hockey, writing about programming languages, and playing video games.Dr. Emily Dringenberg, Ohio State University Dr. Dringenberg is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Education at Ohio State Uni- versity. She holds a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering (Kansas State ’08), a M.S. in Industrial Engineering (Purdue ’14) and a Ph.D. in Engineering Education (Purdue ’15). Her team, Beliefs in Engineering Re- search Group (BERG), utilizes qualitative methods to explore beliefs in engineering. Her research

Conference Session

Student Experiences with Undergraduate Research

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Joseph H. Holles, University of Wyoming

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

research plan, (4) research ethics, (5) graduate school familiarityand applying for graduate school, (6) presenting your research plan, and (7) professional skills. To complement the lectures, assignments for the course are shown in Table 2. The skillsand concepts to be reinforced by each assignment are also shown in Table 2. Assignments fallinto the same seven areas as listed above for course topics/lectures.Table 2: Course Assignments Topic Skills/Concepts Reinforced 1 Finding a Mentor Faculty/Student Interaction Research Interests Self-Reflection Identifying Potential Mentors Web research Meeting Mentors Oral and Written Communication 2

Conference Session

Tools to Enhance Student Learning of Undergraduate Engineering Content

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jeffrey Lloyd Hieb, University of Louisville; Marci S. Decaro, University of Louisville; Raymond Chastain

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

with it) does not elicitthese same benefits.We only analyzed results from students’ first attempt on the Lesson 1 Quiz. After taking thisquiz, students were able to practice the problems and then retake the quiz. Students wererequired to earn 70% to move on to the next lesson. Therefore, scores on all but the first quizwere relatively high, leading to a restricted range in the data. We reasoned that the first quizattempt reflected knowledge gained after the activity and instruction, which were the target ofour intervention. However, students were aware that they would be able to retake the quiz,potentially impacting their motivation on this assessment. In our future research using thesematerials, we may make the first quiz worth more points

Conference Session

Student Engagement, Socioemotional Needs, and Social Support During Pandemic

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sarah E. Zappe, Pennsylvania State University; Stephanie Cutler, Pennsylvania State University; Sam Spiegel, Colorado School of Mines; Deb Jordan, Colorado School of Mines; Ariana C. Vasquez, Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

tackleadvanced manufacturing problems through data science. The Engineering Learning frameworkuses cognitive principles in the development of online courses (Spiegel, Sanders, & Sherer, 2018a;Spiegel, Sanders, & Sherer 2018b). As the framework states, “Engineering Learning is anintentional design process that positions students to cognitively engage with content and data usingprofessional tools, while interacting and collaborating with peers to develop their contentexpertise, skills, and professional practices. The end goal is to create the richest opportunities forstudents to become innovative STEM leaders.” Principles included in the framework includealignment with student learning outcomes, engagement with active learning, reflecting on

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 4: Professional Development in Undergraduate Programs

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Matthew Frenkel, New York University; Jack Bringardner, New York University; Sheila Borges Rajguru, New York University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

 engage  with them in professional skill workshops.    The S2S program aims to prepare both graduate and undergraduate students with the  professional skills they will need after graduation regardless of if they are going into industry or  academia.  A multitude of skills are covered in the program that address the knowledge, skills,  and abilities necessary for the T­shaped engineer, including but not limited to:  information  literacy,  leadership, teamwork, diversity, time and project management, reflection  scientific/written/oral communication, writing, career services, entrepreneurial mindset, and  public speaking.  To

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 15: Perspectives on Engineering Careers and Workplaces

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jacqueline Rohde, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

importance of understanding the career preparation process, researchersshould endeavor to develop knowledge that reflects the lived experiences of individuals makingdecisions about their future careers.In engineering education, two gaps in the literature currently limit the extent to which careerresearch reflects individuals’ lived experiences. First, existing studies in engineering educationresearch often make assumptions of what “counts” as an engineering career. Typically, onlypositions in industry or academia in engineering sectors are counted towards retention. Second,studies often treat career decision-making as a logical, cognitive process, ignoring the pervasiveinfluences of personal identities and belonging. The proposed study has

Conference Session

New Models for Teaching and Learning

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Llewellyn Mann, University of Queensland; Gloria Dall'Alba, University of Queensland; David Radcliffe, University of Queensland

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

… If we want to discover whatsomeone knows-in-action, we must put ourselves in a position to observe her in action. If we wantto teach our ‘doing’, then we need to observe ourselves in the doing, reflect on what we observe,describe it, and reflect on our description.Knowledge, skills, attitudes and values are all vital parts of a professional education such asengineering, and combine in an integrated sense to form engineering skills. These engineeringskills are not specific traditional skills, but broader engineering skills such as problem solving ordesign. Skill development in traditional professional education is seen as the progressive,stepwise accumulation of knowledge, skills, attitudes and values. However “practitioners

Conference Session

Assessment

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick Terenzini, The Pennsylvania State University; Lisa Lattuca, Pennsylvania State University; Matthew Ohland, Purdue Engineering Education; Russell Long, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

according to the instrument/test-development standards generallyrecommended. The absence of a widely used and broadly applicable set of measures ofengineering learning outcomes has forced administrators and faculty members to wrestle with thechallenges and compromises inherent in educational assessment. Because the institutional costsof accreditation and assessment can be substantial, institutions often turned to locally developedmeasures that make minimal demands on financial and staff resources. These efforts typicallytake the form of survey questionnaires in which students are asked to report how much progressthey believe they have made in one content or skill area or another. These reports usually consistof one or more items intended to reflect

Conference Session

New Learning Paradigms II

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cynthia Finelli, University of Michigan; Marie Kendall-Brown, University of Michigan

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

.The CRLT Players engage an audience by presenting a problem in theatrical form, then invitingthe audience to discuss and offer solutions to the problem. This approach has been shown topromote powerful transformations in awareness and behavior: teaching assistants in science andengineering who viewed an interactive theater sketch about the chilly climate for womenstudents in the sciences reported greater awareness about the experiences of women and minoritystudents, reflected on how their own actions affected students, and ultimately altered theirbehavior as a consequence3.For this research, we hypothesized that having engineering students observe effective andineffective interactions of a diverse team in the context of an interactive theater

Conference Session

Instrument Development

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nicholas A. Curtis, James Madison University; Robin Anderson, James Madison University; Olga Pierrakos, James Madison University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

assess identity (Stets &Burke, 2000). Identity role theory. Identity role theory (Stets & Burke, 2000; Stryker & Burke, 2000)is rooted in a sociological framework that defines group identity by the observable characteristicscommon across those occupying a group-specific role. Identifying with a role consists ofincorporating the meanings and beliefs associated with that role into one’s self-concept. Thetheory posits that individual behaviors reflect those role-specified meanings and beliefs. In thisvein, identity role theory is concerned with predicting role-related behaviors. While the sameperson can occupy different roles (i.e. be a member of different groups), those roles that mostinfluence behaviors are considered to have a

Conference Session

ERM Technical Session 6: Technology-enhanced Instruction and Assessment

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

David J. Broderick, Central Connecticut State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. These steps aresummarized here: 1. Demonstrated examples during lecture 2. Online homework with intermediate step feedback 3. Traditionally presented textbook problems during recitation 4. Assessment during midterm/final examsIt was stressed during lecture that circuit analysis, and in this case mesh analysis, is a methodicalprocess that can be applied to any circuit. The steps of the method were demonstrated to eachsection using eight problems prior to the assignment of the online homework. For each lectureproblem the methodical approach reflected in the online homework was demonstrated on awhiteboard. This was the first step listed above. If students needed additional support in thisform, video lectures were also provided using

Conference Session

Engineering Cultures and Identity

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Dina Verdin, Purdue University, West Lafayette ; Allison Godwin, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Brenda Capobianco, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

ASEE Diversity Committee, Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

science teachers’ integration of the engineering design process to improve science learning. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 Systematic Review of the Funds of Knowledge Framework in STEM EducationIntroductionFor over two decades, there have been significant and consistent calls to increase the quantity anddiversity of engineering graduates to not only support the workforce demand but also to improveengineering solutions to better reflect the demographics of the U.S. population.1–4 However, thecall to increase the diversity of engineering often has been centered on simply increasing thepercentages of underrepresented groups in engineering. Once these

Conference Session

Building Communities for Engineering Education Research

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sally Fincher, University of Kent at Canterbury; Josh Tenenberg, University of Washington-Tacoma

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

term bootstrapping is short for “pulling oneself up by the bootstraps” and has a specificmeaning within computing. “In computers, this term refers to … processes whereby a complexsystem emerges by starting simply and, bit by bit, developing more complex capabilities on topof the simpler ones.” 9In naming our project, we used the metaphor in three distinct senses, reflecting our goals toimpact three distinct, though interacting, levels: • bootstrapping the novice CSEd researcher by providing entry points into the theory and methods of carrying out CSEd research; • bootstrapping a community of practice of CSEd research practitioners with similar skills, practices, and language for engaging in shared research endeavours; and

Conference Session

ERM Potpourri I

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sarah Henrickson, Harvard University; Rumi Chunara, Massachusetts Institute of Technology; Iahn Cajigas, HST Division, Harvard and MIT; Heather Gunter, HST Division, Harvard and MIT; Joseph Bonventre, HST Division, Harvard and MIT

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

responses to relevant exam questions following completion of the module wascompared with those who completed the first versions of the module in 2003 and 2004 as well as thosecollected following baseline instruction of this material in 2002. Assessment of the student responses wasperformed using a 56-point rubric and also organized into a 14-point rubric sorted by LearningObjectives. The learning objectives chosen represent fundamental aspects of capillary filtration (oncoticpressure, flow/pressure/resistance relations and glomerular filtration rate determinants). In addition, theexam questions were designed to reflect these objectives. The rubric is designed around demonstration ofessential understanding of the material and assigns credit for

Conference Session

Retention and Persistence in Engineering

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Geoff Potvin, Clemson University; Zahra Hazari, Florida International University; Leidy Klotz, Clemson University; Allison Godwin, Clemson University; Robynne M. Lock, Department of Engineering and Science Education, Clemson University; Jennifer Dawn Cribbs, Western Kentucky University; Nicole Barclay, Clemson University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

college studies in an engineering Page 23.438.2major with expectations or beliefs about their choice that is not reflected in the realities of thepractice of fully-trained members of these communities4. While a few studies have consideredthe culture of engineering5, the differences between freshman engineering and science students6,and the learning styles and types of students in certain engineering disciplines7-10, this remains anunderstudied area. One limitation of prior work has been the use of samples of limitedgeneralizability, with analyses often sampling students from a single or geographically limitedset of institutions.Theoretical

Conference Session

Conceptual Learning

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aidsa Santiago Roman, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez; Ruth Streveler, Purdue Universtiy; Paul Steif, Carnegie Mellon University; Louis DiBello, University of Illinois at Chicago

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. For the purpose of this study, we are going to referto facet as cognitive attributes (CA). Figure 1 – Minstrell’s framework - Facets of Students’ Thinking: The ProcessMethodsInstrument CATS is a concept inventory designed as a diagnostic instrument for statics-related concepts.The questions of the instrument have the intention of detecting errors reflecting on incorrectconcepts, instead of errors in mathematical analysis4. Results for unidimensional reliability (KR-20 alphas) have fluctuated between 0.70 and 0.90, which is highly desirable for CI’s. Theinstrument consists of 27 questions that test nine different concepts (refer to Appendix 1). Eachof the questions in CATS reflects on a specific concept but also for each question

Conference Session

Methodological & Theoretical Contributions to Engineering Education 3

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alice L Pawley, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Canek Moises Luna Phillips, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

represent aspects of the social the right names? reality observed? Theoretical validation: Do the The research process needs to be Interpretations need to reflect the concepts and relationships of the able to capture the full extent of the coherence and complexity of the theory appropriately correspond social reality studied. social reality under investigation. to the social reality under investigation? Procedural validation: Which Strategies need to be implemented Processes need to be implemented features of the research design in the research design to mitigate to mitigate risks of mis

Conference Session

Learning Outside the Classroom

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adam R. Carberry, Arizona State University; Christopher W. Swan, Tufts University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

. Communicate effectively with others. 0.799 3. Operate in the unknown (i.e. open-ended design problems). 0.793 4. Function within a team 0.781 5. Engage in critical, reliable, and valid self-assessment (i.e. reflection). 0.727 6. Persevere to complete an engineering design task. 0.767 7. Maintain a strong work ethic throughout an engineering design project. 0.743 8. Design a system, component, or process to meet desired needs

Conference Session

Classroom Engagement

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brianno Coller, Northern Illinois University; David Shernoff, Northern Illinois University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

mathematical models and computer simulations of the systems. Theydeveloped and implemented controllers for the systems. We required them to reflect and toexhibit other metacognitive traits.Recently, we began replacing many of the physical laboratory experiments and textbookexercises with a new type of learning experience. Students experimented on, and developedcontrollers for virtual dynamic systems within a virtual game-like simulated environment. Theywere learning dynamic systems and control by playing a video game. Page 15.157.2Our motivation for this unorthodox approach came from our experience of using a video game inteaching a different

Conference Session

Special Session: Impacts of Service in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

AC 2010-2028: SPECIAL SESSION: DEVELOPING INTERCULTURALENGINEERS THROUGH SERVICEKurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University Page 15.1083.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2010 Developing Intercultural Engineers Through ServiceAbstractThis paper reports on recent efforts to understand the cultural awareness among engineeringstudents. A standard assessment program has been instituted across the various programs atMichigan Technological University with pre-, during-, and post-project phases. The mixed-methods assessment plan consists of surveys, reflection statements, journaling, a wellnessindicator, the Intercultural Development Inventory, and project

Conference Session

Approaches to Curriculum and Policy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jinlu Shen, Zhejiang University; Tuoyu Li, Zhejiang University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

engineeringeducation reform, and give suggestions for the construction of the second round ofnew engineering research and practice projects.2 BackgroundAt the end of 20th century, international engineering education reform was surging.Return to Engineering Practice, STEM Education, Engineering IntegrativeEducation, Engineering With a Big E, An Integrative & Holistic EngineeringEducation, CDIO, Holistic Engineering, Systematic Engineering, EngineeringEducation as a Complex System, Engineering Education Ecosystem, and otherconcepts have been proposed successively, all of which reflect the internationaldevelopment trend of innovative engineering education.[5] With the gradualtechnological breakthroughs in cutting-edge technologies such as

Conference Session

Professional Skills and the Workplace

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ashley Ater Kranov, Center for Teaching, Learning & Technology; Robert Olsen, Washington State University; Carl Hauser, Washington State University; Laura Girardeau, Washington State University

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

stilldisagreement of more than one point, continued discussion and rating ensued until consensus hadbeen reached. At times, this discussion resulted in further refinement of the rubric’s criteria.These revisions reflect a continuous process to ensure reliability and increase content validityinformed by the rubric’s use in practice. Faculty and assessment specialist teams then rated teamperformance on the scenario corresponding with their program using the same process, andresults were used to inform program improvements in a collaborative effort.Assessment specialists analyzed ratings for each program, averaging the scores of all reliableraters for each dimension and reported results confidentially to each department in graphical andwritten form. An

Conference Session

Student Attitudes and Perceptions

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Debbie Chachra, Franklin W. Olin College of Engineering; Deborah Kilgore, University of Washington

Tagged Divisions

Educational Research and Methods

factor in their lives. It seemsclear that the college experience has done nothing to close the confidence gap, and perhapscontributed to its persistence. We now turn to students’ own reflections on their engineeringeducation for an explanation.Results from student interviews:In their senior year, 15 of the APS students participated in an in-depth, semi-structuredqualitative interview. Some questions in the interview were designed to elicit students’reflections on their experiences as engineering undergraduates. Others were designed to elicitstudents’ conceptions of engineering and themselves as engineers now embarking on theirprofessional careers. In this section, we complement the findings from the PIE survey with a richpicture of students