Conference Session

Design Experiences in Energy Systems

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jorge Alvarado, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

12.446.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 Design and Construction of a Lab-Scale Ground Source Heat PumpAbstractUndergraduate engineering and engineering technology students are in need of rigorous andmulti-faceted hands-on activities to enhance their self-confidence and technical skills. Very fewcourses give students the opportunity to approach practical design and production problems in aholistic manner. Senior design courses or capstone projects frequently give students theopportunity to design complex or multi-component systems in a timely effective manner.However, most capstone design projects are only concerned with the design itself and not withproduction, construction, or

Conference Session

Sustainability and Hands-On Activities

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Paul F. Penko P.E., Baldwin Wallace University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. Grygiel, Junior Callie Ann Jakuszeit, Senior Joseph Briski, Senior Paul F. Penko, Faculty Advisor Baldwin Wallace University AbstractPurpose of this project is to develop a practical, working fuel cell that utilizes naturally occurringbacteria that decomposes organic material producing hydrogen ions that combine with oxygen inair to produce electrical power. A laboratory model was built and tested for purposes ofunderstanding how a device could be designed for practical use in a sewage-treatment plant,cesspool or manure pond and how it would have to be scaled to

Conference Session

New Concepts for Alternative Energy Courses and Concepts

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kendrick T. Aung, Lamar University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

for Engineering Education, 2012 Integration of System Thinking, Engineering Reasoning and Decision Making Skills in Design of Thermal Systems CourseAbstract Design of thermal system is in essence a Capstone design class for thermal andenergy systems. One of the major difficulties encountered by instructors in theseCapstone design courses is that many senior students do not have adequate preparation inapplying design skills such as critical thinking, engineering reasoning, and decisionmaking to successfully complete their design project. In this paper, the process ofintegrating system thinking, engineering reasoning and decision making skills intoDesign of Thermal Systems course is

Conference Session

Alternative Energy Laboratory Experiences

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Narayanan M. Komerath, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

the mass market potential of the latter offers the way toadvance the former, while the technical excellence of the former offers the way to make thelatter successful in the mass market. This is the combination of opportunity and challengemotivating the project behind this paper. The thoughtful reader is reminded that innovationsin engineering education sometimes have to go beyond classroom teaching, and that archivalpublications should reference, rather than repeat, material already presented in prior papers.Hence, for such items as detailed course outlines, student comments, etc., references toprevious papers are given to published work. The pedagogical aspects are in relatingknowledge and learning across disciplines and skills. They require

Conference Session

Diverse Issues in Renewable Energy

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Lihong (Heidi) Jiao, Grand Valley State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

, 2016 Development of a Photovoltaic Emergency Power SystemAbstractThis paper describes the efforts in closing the “skills gap” that exists between the currentworkforce and the needs in the photovoltaic (PV) industry by educating engineering studentsthrough the development of a project for the course titled ‘Photovoltaic Systems’. The aim of thecourse project is to provide students with the hands-on skills and practical knowledge that willenable them to succeed in the field of solar PV.“Development of a Photovoltaic Emergency Power System for a Hospital in Malawi” wasselected as one of the course projects in the fall of 2012, as requested by an American doctorworking in Malawi. The goal of the project was to specify, design

Conference Session

Topics in Energy Management

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esther T. Ososanya, University of the District of Columbia; Sasan Haghani, University of the District of Columbia; Wagdy H Mahmoud, University of the District of Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

monitor daily electricity consumption has becomeincreasingly important with the ever growing demands for energy. Monitoring and quantifyingpower consumption enables engineers to notice problems with systems while in operation, andalso better plan future systems from the data gathered. As a result, power quality (PQ)measurement concepts are evolving from instantaneous metering to continuous monitoring andrecent developments in measurement technology make PQ monitoring systems more powerful.This equates to the construction and utilization of more flexible, compact and intelligent PQsystems.The goal of this project was to design, construct and test a monitoring system that is cost-effective, reliable and easily deployable in any environment. The

Conference Session

ECCD Applications in Energy and Thermodynamics

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick A. Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Aviv Chetrit, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Luke Aleckson

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Society (ANS), and a student branch advisor for the American Society of Heating, Refrigerating and Air-Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE).Aviv Chetrit, Minnesota State University, Mankato Senior Mechanical Engineering student at Minnesota State University, Mankato.Mr. Luke Aleckson Page 26.446.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2015Design and Construction of a Renewable and HVAC Technologies Testbed “Shack” AbstractIn 2012 the university received an ASHRAE Senior Project Grant to design and build a testbedstructure (i.e. “Shack”) for studying

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 5

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Siamak Farhad, University of Akron; Daniel E. Kandray Sr., University of Akron; Maryam Younessi Sinaki, Cleveland State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

as a visitor researcher at the National Research Council (NRC) Canada dur- ing his Ph.D. He is currently actively working on several University-wide collaborations, funded project from State of Ohio, NASA, and National Science Foundation. He has more than 60 peer-reviewed jour- nal and conference papers. His current research focuses are primarily on energy conversion & storage systems, energy saving in industry, energy materials, and measurements.Mr. Daniel E. Kandray Sr., University of Akron Professor Kandray is an Associate Professor of the Advanced Manufacturing Engineering Technology and Automated Manufacturing Engineering Technology programs at the University of Akron. He is an accomplished, multifaceted

Conference Session

Using Real-World Examples

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael G Mauk P.E., Drexel University; Richard Chiou, Drexel University; Ieva Narkeviciute, Stanford University; Gabriel K. Head, University of Pennsylvania

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

University and is currently a 5th- year Ph.D. student in the laboratory of Prof. Thomas Jaramillo. Her thesis work focuses on developing tantalum nitride semiconductors as photoanodes for photoelectrochemical water splitting—the process of using solar energy to directly split water into hydrogen and oxygen.Gabriel K. Head, University of Pennsylvania c American Society for Engineering Education, 2017 Sustainable Energy Projects for Undergraduates: Biofuels from Solar-Powered Algae CulturesAbstractRenewable, Green, and Sustainable energy utilizing photovoltaics and wind power are well-established in educational laboratories and as topics for student projects. Biofuels are

Conference Session

Energy Conservation and Conversions for Green Buildings

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brandon S. Field, University of Southern Indiana; Kerry S. Hall, University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

multidisciplinary project is described in this paper that has produced a recommendation for theinstallation of a green roof on a campus building. A green roof is when plants are grown on topof a roof, which reduces the solar load on the air conditioning system and improves thesustainability of the design. The program within which this was done offers the Bachelors ofScience in Engineering (BSE) degree, with five emphasis areas available to the students:mechanical, civil, electrical, industrial, and mechatronics. The emphasis area selected by astudent determines certain electives but each student is free to take as many as four engineeringelectives in different disciplines, allowing multidisciplinary topics and even some electivecourses at many levels

Conference Session

Sustainable Education and the Environment

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elaine Scott, Seattle Pacific University; John Lindberg, Seattle Pacific University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

developing countries to participate in this program to bring critical skills back to theirnative countries. Finally, as our own resources become limited in this country, the need forengineers to address issues related to sustainability will grow, and students from this programwill be well equipped to address this challenge here in the U.S. This program joins a growingnumber of program addressing sustainability and appropriate technology issues (e.g., theEngineering for Developing Communities program at Univ. of Colorado, Boulder.2)This paper is focused on development of the program’s learning outcomes, the resultingcurriculum development, the use of project-based courses, and program assessment.Program Learning OutcomesThe program learning outcomes

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick A. Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Bruce Allen Peterson, Minnesota State Energy Center of Excellence

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

level, he administers implementation of 9 research projects in renewable energy as well as serving as Executive Director of the Minnesota State Energy Center of Ex- cellence. Bruce is a leader of collaborative efforts in the Minnesota system. He has been an initiator of many efforts of statewide influence. As a charter member of the Minnesota Energy Consortium, he has served on the leadership steering committee since the inception of the group. His leadership led to establishing the Energy Technical Specialist program, a multi-college program leading to industry positions in energy production in solar, wind, bio-fuels, fossil and nuclear fields. Current focus areas of the Minnesota Energy Center include education

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session 5: Energy and Wind and Design

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Maher Shehadi, Purdue Polytechnic Institute

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

mechanical and electrical and systems. He has conducted several projects to reduce carbon dioxide and other building emission impacts by evaluating and improving the energy practices through the integration of sustainable systems with existing systems. His current research focuses on engaging and educating students in sustainable and green buildings’ design and energy conservation. He is currently investigating various ways to reduce energy consumption in office buildings. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2020  Air Conditioning Unit Performance Analysis Equipped with a Shaded CondenserAbstractCondensers are used in chillers and in air-conditioning

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Best Papers

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patrick A. Tebbe, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Nazli Aslican Yilmaz Wodzinski, Minnesota State University, Mankato; Namyong Lee, Minnesota State University, Mankato

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

studyingplacement and flow fields involve the use of complicated and costly computational fluiddynamics (CFD) software. Second, wind resource maps typically represent values at 30 m orhigher. Small scale VAWT installations are typically at a lower elevation where the influence ofground effects can dominate.2. Project DescriptionThe creation and validation of an accessible VAWT flow field model and the generation of awind resource map tailored for small-scale VAWTs has the potential to improve VAWT Figure 1: VAWT concept by Windtech, Roseville MN (left) and VAWT model sold by Minnesota Wind Technology, St. Paul MN (right). Photos are from company websites.Figure 2: Caltech Field Laboratory for Optimized Wind Energy demonstrating an array of VAWTS (http

Conference Session

Design Experiences in Energy Systems

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Peter Mark Jansson, Rowan University; Ryan Elwell, Rowan University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

College of Engineering) engaged a professor andstudents in the work to encourage expansion of the technical labor pool in this important area.The purpose of the project was to provide a final report on the feasibility of PVs for eachbuilding in the study, including analysis of electric usage history, current electric usage trends,long-term cost/benefit analysis, overall structural integrity of the roofs to support the addedloads, layout and design of the PV system itself as well as a wiring diagram for interconnectionwith the utility. The result was an engineering analysis which prepared the City of Ocean Cityand OC School Board to make key investment decisions and proceed with the implementation ofthe photovoltaic systems. The impact on project

Conference Session

New Concepts for Alternative Energy Courses and Concepts

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brandon S. Field, University of Southern Indiana; Zane W. Mitchell Jr., University of Southern Indiana

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

AC 2012-4794: INCREASING STUDENT INVOLVEMENT IN A SUSTAIN-ABILITY COURSEDr. Brandon S. Field, University of Southern Indiana Brandon Field teaches in the thermal fluids area of mechanical engineering at the University of Southern Indiana, Evansville.Dr. Zane W. Mitchell Jr., University of Southern Indiana Page 25.767.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Increasing Student Involvement in a Sustainability CourseAbstractStudent projects that have been included as part of an engineering course for the past two yearsare described in this paper. It is a new course, which is

Conference Session

ECCD International Outreach

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mustafa G. Guvench, University of Southern Maine; Philip W Swanson, University of Southern Maine; Kevin Michael Wacker, University of Southern Maine

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

bent, positioned and held in a frame to reflect the lightat the focal point where the multi-junction cell is fixed. The system follows the celestial path ofthe sun within 1.6 degree.This project was completed as a senior capstone design project utilizing all of the educationgained thus far in the engineering curriculum along with a large amount of self-directed learning.Every stage in the design and development of the project was an educational test that had to beovercome. Discussion on the short comings, challenges, and the use of the education received toresolve these issues are presented.1. IntroductionAccess to power namely, heat, and electricity is ubiquitous in developed nations. Much of thedeveloping world however, still lacks access to

Conference Session

Curricular Developments in Energy Education

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Craig Somerton, Michigan State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

agency that provides energy and environmentalinformation and services, a mechanical engineering capstone design team has taken on thechallenge of designing and implementing a heating system for the worms. In keeping with thetheme of the worm composting, it was decided that this heating system must utilize renewableand sustainable energy sources. This paper will share the design process and the details of thefinal design implementation. The project was unique in that it involved considerable interactionamong the mechanical engineering students, the staff of the non-profit community agency, andthe staff and students of Woodcreek Elementary School. The paper will share the lessonslearned through such interactions and will provide some guidance to

Conference Session

ECCD - Technical Session 2 - Solar Energy

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Kenneth A. Walz, Madison Area Technical College; Joel B. Shoemaker, Madison Area Technical College; Steven Michael Ansorge, Madison Area Technical College; Adam Gusse, Sunvest Solar, Inc; Nicholas J. Hylla, Midwest Renewable Energy Association

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

managed and designed over 750 solar electric, solar hot water, and wind projects in Wisconsin and the upper Midwest since entering the renewable energy industry in 2008. His skills help commercial, residential, utility, and consulting customers from project conception to a fully functional renewable energy system. Project design, utility coordination, permitting, material management, manpower scheduling, and close out training on systems from 100 kW to MW’s are his main responsibilities. Previous solar development experience with MG&E, Alliant Energy, WPPI Energy, and WE Energies owned systems have provided Adam with a solid reputa- tion from many of the utility engineers throughout the Midwest.Nicholas J Hylla

Conference Session

Energy Learning through Simulation and Analysis

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ilya Grinberg, Buffalo State College; Herbert L. Hess P.E., University of Idaho in Moscow; Frank Pietryga, University of Pittsburgh-Johnstown

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

Page 11.900.4poorly employing subscripted variables. In every successful case, run times were less than 3seconds. The whole exercise was somewhat shorter in duration for efficient code writers, about2-4 hours, than for the 65% who wrote inefficient code, 6-25 hours.Electrical engineering technology (EET) students at Buffalo State were also assigned similar taskbut this was the first time such an assignment was given to them. Ten students were involved inthis project. Their mathematics background varied with three students just being transferred fromcommunity college and taking technical calculus concurrently with Power Systems 1 course.Several students did not take programming course yet. Five students were taking MATLAB®and MathCAD

Conference Session

Trends in Energy Conversion and Conservation

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Radian Belu, Wayne State University; Alexandru Belu, Wayne State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

. Distributed generation is considered to be thenew and more suitable approach to providing solutions for socio-economic energy problemsthat have taken on considerable importance as we move into the new millennium. Theenhanced efficiency, environmental friendliness, flexibility and scalability of the emergingtechnologies involved in distributed generation have put these systems at the forefront toprovide power generation for the future8-10. Overall, the potential efficiency of anyconfigurations of hybrid power systems has been estimated to be about 80% by a generalizedmodel13.1.2 Course DescriptionThe courses consist of lectures, fundamental design exercises, a mid-term exam in the eighthweek, and a design project due during the final exam week (the

Conference Session

ECCD Applications

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Esther T. Ososanya, University of the District of Columbia; Sasan Haghani, University of the District of Columbia; Wagdy H Mahmoud, University of the District of Columbia; Samuel Lakeou, University of the District of Columbia; Samuel Daouda Diarra, University of the District of Columbia

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

courses and labs, including Electric Circuits, Digital Systems courses, VLSI, VHDL, Solar Energy (PV) and Solar Thermal systems, Mechatronics, and Electrical Engineering Senior Project design courses.Dr. Sasan Haghani, University of the District of Columbia Sasan Haghani, Ph.D., is an Assistant Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of the District of Columbia. His research interests include the application of wireless sensor networks in biomedical and environmental domains and performance analysis of communication systems over fading channels.Dr. Wagdy H Mahmoud, University of the District of ColumbiaDr. Samuel Lakeou, University of the District of Columbia Ph.D. Electrical Engineering

Conference Session

Teaching Courses in Renewable Energy Systems

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Weissbach, Pennsylvania State University-Erie; Isaac Aunkst, General Dynamics Corporation

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

recently been hired to work on power electronic system design for General Dynamics Electric Boat Division. Page 12.64.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A Microcontroller-Based Solar Panel Tracking SystemAbstractRenewable energy is rapidly gaining importance as an energy resource as fossil fuel pricesfluctuate. At the educational level, it is therefore critical for engineering and technology studentsto have an understanding and appreciation of the technologies associated with renewable energy.One of the most popular renewable energy sources is solar energy. This paper describes acapstone design project where

Conference Session

Topics in Biomass and Gasification Processes

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Madhumi Mitra Ph.D, University of Maryland Eastern Shore; Abhijit Nagchaudhuri, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore; Corinne Johnson Rutzke, Corinne Rutzke

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

photobioreactor for culturing algae with the eventual objective of extraction of oilfrom the algal species and converting the oil into biodiesel, and made environmentally-friendlysoaps from the glycerin produced from the biodiesel. Tools and kits were given to theparticipants to assist them in instruction in the classrooms and laboratories and for furtheradvancing their STEAM curricula with a focus on bioenergy and bioproducts. The evaluationsurveys conducted reveal that the educators gained substantial knowledge in the fields ofbioenergy and bioproducts and expressed their interest in implementing the content as well aslaboratories in their curricula. In the context of this project, discussions are already underway to promote such

Conference Session

Energy Laboratory Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Henry Foust, Nicholls State University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

article. Steps in this process include backgroundon understanding our energy needs, projected future needs, oil reserve estimates,and alternative energies; understanding the economics of energy; identifying vi-able alternatives; developing an argument for that viability; testing this argumentthrough lab work; presenting the argument, method, and results; and preparation Page 11.436.2of a research paper. The format of this research experience is a paid 12-week, 40-hour per a weekinternship. The breakdown of this internship is the following: 4 weeks of lectures, 1 2 weeks of developing a method to argue this thesis

Conference Session

Diverse Issues in Renewable Energy

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith E. Holbert P.E., Arizona State University; Taipeng Zhang, Arizona State University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

centralPhoenix and whose population is 94% Hispanic. Applications to the program are solicited in thespring and approximately ten high school students are accepted into the four-week commuterprogram each year. The selected students must be completing their sophomore or junior year inthe spring with a minimum target GPA of ~2.5/4.0 such that they could reasonably be expectedto be admitted into a university engineering program. To encourage his or her participation, eachhigh school student is given a $1,500 stipend.FREEDM Program ASU Activities At ASU, the Young Scholars program contains four major parts: class time, tours, activities,and science fair styled projects, as depicted in Figure 1. Table 2 provides an example scheduleof the first week. All

Conference Session

Design Based Energy Education

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer M Peuker, University of Alaska, Anchorage; Steffen Peuker, University of Alaska Anchorage

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Incorporating Active Learning into a Thermal System Design LectureAbstractMany mechanical engineering departments offer a thermal system design (or similar) course forsenior students. Some courses have a laboratory component, but many are a lecture only format.This paper demonstrates how active learning—through virtual labs, a semester long project, andin-class assignments—was incorporated into the lecture portion of a thermal system design courseto enhance learning and provide the students a laboratory experience without a physical laboratory.These active learning ideas can also supplement the learning during lecture for those courses

Conference Session

ECCD Technical Session 4: Energy and Analysis

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Hayrettin B. Karayaka, Western Carolina University; Chip W. Ferguson, Western Carolina University; Amber C. Thompson, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

- Related Workforce Development ProgramI. AbstractThe main objective of this nuclear-related workforce development (NWD) program is to use thescholarships provided by the federal funding agency ($5,000 per semester) in conjunction withWestern Carolina University’s engineering project-based learning sequence to recruit and retainstudents who will sustain our existing program for serving nuclear-related industry andacademia. Our secondary objective is to increase the quality, quantity, and diversity of studentsseeking these engineering degrees. The program seeks to recruit engineering studentsspecializing in electric power, mechanical, and electrical disciplines, jointly called EPME. Aprogram requirement is that these students pursue an

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session on Conservation and Optimization

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maher Shehadi, Purdue University

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

and systems. He has conducted several projects to reduce CO2 fingerprint of buildings by evaluating and improving the energy practices through the integration of sustainable systems with existing systems. Pro- fessor Shehadi also has an interest in air pollution reduction and in providing healthier environment by analyzing the various pollutants that are present in outdoor and indoor air. His current research focuses on sustainable and green buildings and energy conservation. He is currently investigating various ways to reduce energy consumption in office buildings. c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018 Occupancy Detection Chair Sensor – An Energy Conservation

Conference Session

Energy Conversion and Conservation Division Technical Session 3: Education Track

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Herbert L. Hess, University of Idaho

Tagged Divisions

Energy Conversion and Conservation

twenty years.The program of instruction includes a laboratory program that uses appropriate laboratoryequipment, kits, and a hands-on project to design, build, fabricate, populate, test, and iterate aDC/DC converter. Assessment summarizes nearly twenty years of successful instruction.IntroductionAlmost all electrical power in industrialized societies now is processed through at least onepower electronic stage. As such, electrical engineers (EE) often encounter power electroniccircuitry and systems when performing their routine duties. A knowledge of how these systemswork gives an EE an advantage in understanding and working with power of a nature that isprovided to every electrical system. As part of an innovative sequence of courses at