Conference Session

Emerging EM Areas

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Peterson, Old Dominion University; Morgan Henrie, University of Alaska Anchorage; Shannon Bowling, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Management School, a MS Project Management from The George Washington University as well as a BSEE and BA Technology Management. Currenlty Morgan teachs Operation Management at the University of Alaska Anchorage.Shannon Bowling, Old Dominion University Shannon Bowling is an Assistant Professor in the Department of Engineering Management and Systems Engineering at the Old Dominion University. He received his Ph.D. in Industrial Engineering from Clemson University, SC in August 2003. He received his M.S. in Engineering Technology with an emphasis in Quality Management (2000) from East Tennessee State University, TN and his B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering Technology (1998) from Bluefield State

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge; Ahmad R. Sarfaraz, California State University, Northridge; Sina Talebian, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

as part of our continuous improvement efforts for the newly introducedundergraduate EM program.The results of this first step in continuous improvement will be presented in this paper and thelater steps will continue to be published as a series of papers in both local as well as futureannual ASEE conferences.IntroductionMore than two-thirds of all engineering professionals invest a significant portion of their careerin managing and administering a wide range of technical engineering and research projects andbudgets (CSUN 2012). As the engineering profession evolves, an increasing need has emergedfor entry-level engineering professionals who have both a broad engineering background and theknowledge and ability to interface between the

Conference Session

Pedagogical Advancements in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kathryn D. Abel, Stevens Institute of Technology; Anirban Ganguly, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

-authored more than 25 journal and conference papers, a workbook on the use of Excel in engineering economics, and two book chapters. He is one of the chapter authors for the Engineering Management Handbook. Page 25.1090.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2012 PROPOSING A FRAMEWORK FOR RESTRUCTURING AN INTRODUCTORY ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT COURSE FOR UNDERGRADUATESEngineering Management (EM) is concerned with the application of engineering principles to thedomain of business, project and process management. With the varied and expandingemployment opportunities

Conference Session

EMD Program Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Carmo D'Cruz, Florida Tech; Muzaffar Shaikh, Florida Tech; Wade Shaw, Florida Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

. These experiential activitiesinclude the monthly “Engineering Entrepreneur in the Spotlight” seminar series – wherepromising engineers-turned- entrepreneurs visit Florida Tech and share their experiences;the judging of the Brevard School Science Fair Projects for their commercialization value;collaborating with the city, government and private organizations in the community tocommercialize innovative student-developed technologies; etc. Students work in E-Teamson their entrepreneurial class projects and write NCIIA/SBIR grant proposals forfunding and also present at the regional/state-level Business Plan Competitions. They arealso members of the Florida Tech Students in Free Enterprise (SIFE) Club and theyparticipate in local and national SIFE

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Management

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Daughton, University of Missouri; Benjamin Dow, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AC 2007-121: ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT AND THE PROFESSIONALSCIENCE MASTERS (PSM) PROGRAMWilliam Daughton, University of Missouri Dr. William Daughton is professor and chair of the Engineering Management and Systems Engineering department at the University of Missouri-Rolla. He has significant industrial management experience in the semiconductor industry and over 15 years of teaching experience.Benjamin Dow, University of Missouri Dr. Benjamin Dow is a Lecturer in the Engineering Management and Sytems Engineering Department at the University of Missouri-Rolla. He has considerable expertise in project management and holds a PMP from the Project Management Institute. He also has indsutry

Conference Session

Improving course effectiveness

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Terri M. Lynch-Caris, Kettering University; Mark A. Palmer P.E., Kettering University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

found in various classrooms across thecampus: (1) seating and room layout, (2) boards and projection and (3) computers and videocapture. In addition to the survey data, comments were solicited and compiled for continuousimprovement.A total of 75 students, faculty and staff responded to the survey. Within the three categories ofinstructional technology, three survey questions were asked to determine: (1) which technologieswere used, (2) which technologies did individuals enjoy and (3) which technologies didindividuals feel would enhance learning?There were several conclusions resulting from the data analysis including differences betweenfaculty and student preferences. The most interesting result was the compelling relationshipbetween enjoyment

Conference Session

Assessment and Accreditation in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Maxwell Reid, Auckland University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

thedegree develops the students’ ability to formulate models. Graduates of this programme areable to analyse, predict and monitor engineering systems. The degree also utilises practicalengineering examples and projects so that the students can place their knowledge in context,and includes the study of commercial, managerial and professional topics.The BE graduate must have an in-depth engineering knowledge that allows a fundamentals-based first principles analytical approach to solve complex problems of a wide-ranging orconflicting technical problems and infrequently encountered issues that require abstract Page 25.553.2thinking, originality in

Conference Session

Course Tools and Practices

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eric M. Rice, Johns Hopkins University; William Smedick, Johns Hopkins University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

, including Chairperson of the Board of Directors for the National Association for Campus Activities, Member of the Board of Directors for the Counsel for the Advancement of Standards in Higher Education (CAS) and President of the Westminster (MD) Wolves Soccer Club. EdD Morgan State University MS Southern Illinois University at Carbondale BS Southern Connecticut State University c American Society for Engineering Education, 2018Tools for Creating and Managing Student TeamsEric Rice and William SmedickCenter for Leadership EducationJohns Hopkins UniversityAbstractCollaborative projects are a means of instruction in engineering, both to gain content specificknowledge within an engineering discipline and to

Conference Session

EM Program Trend and Development

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ron Foster, University of Arkansas; Ken Vickers, University of Arkansas

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Independently set hours at home and ad-hoc work groups campus to meet personal needs (and office hours).Compensation Rewards group performance, then Rewards individual accomplishments,system individual contribution not departmental successProblem solving Collaboration is necessary for success Collaborations are theme based and is strongly coordinated across groups voluntary coordination of individual research projects

Conference Session

Innovative IE Curricula

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Masud Salimian, Morgan State University; Yaseen Mahmud, Morgan State University; Avis L. Ransom, Morgan State University School of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

of Engineering, she develops projects, plans and implements strategies and develops and documents reports, newsletters and proposals. Page 23.1262.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2013 Training Industrial Engineering Students as Energy EngineersIntroductionBuildings consume approximately 40% 1 of all energy in the United States. Most buildingsoperate far less efficiently than their potential. In the U.S., industry alone accounts for about 31%of all energy used 8. There are many benefits to making commercial and industrialmanufacturing plants more efficient. One is to

Conference Session

New Trends in Engineering Management Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ertunga Ozelkan, University of North Carolina at Charlotte; Agnes Galambosi, University of North Carolina at Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

managed the development of a number of supply chain related courses. He also worked as a project manager and a consultant for Tefen Consulting in the area of productivity improvement for Hitech firms. Dr. Ozelkan holds a Ph.D. degree in Systems and Industrial Engineering from the University of Arizona. He teaches courses on supply chain management, lean systems, designed experimentation, decision analysis and systems optimization. His current research interests are modeling of supply chains and applications in different industries. Dr. Ozelkan is the recipient of IIE’s 2006 Lean Division Excellence in Teaching Award.Agnes Galambosi, University of North Carolina at Charlotte Agnes Galambosi

Conference Session

Pedagogical Advancements in Engineering Management

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Jimmy Gandhi, Stevens Institute of Technology; Brian Sauser, Stevens Institute of Technology; Brian E. White, Complexity Are Us - Systems Engineering Strategies; Alex Gorod, Visiting Fellow, University of Adelaide; Vernon Ireland, University of Adelaide

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

the the Systems Development and Maturity Laboratory (http://www.SysDML.com/), which seeks to advance the state of knowledge and practice in how we manage system lifecycles. He teaches courses in Project Manage- ment of Complex Systems, Designing and Managing the Development Enterprise, Advances in System of Systems Engineering, and Systems Thinking. In addition, he is a National Aeronautics and Space Ad- ministration Faculty Fellow, Editor-in-Chief of the Systems Research Forum, and Associate Editor of the IEEE Systems Journal.Dr. Brian Emery White, Complexity Are Us - Systems Engineering Strategies Brian E. White received Ph.D. and M.S. degrees in computer sciences from the University of Wisconsin, and S.M

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Minha R. Ha, York University; Aleksander Czekanski , CEEA-ACEG

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

onlycreating relevant, contextually fit solutions for clients, but also by providing resilient responsesto the changing constraints and opportunities external and internal to the organization.Unfortunately, the value-adding role of designers and indeed design project successes can behindered by inadequate management of organizational tensions that persist over time and arewidely experienced as paradoxical. Adopting the concept of ‘polarity management’ by BarryJohnson, this paper aims to unpack the nuances of two particular polarities: (1) Design Rigourvs. Cost Effectiveness, and (2) Collaboration vs. Efficiency.The data are drawn from a larger grounded theory study on sociotechnical knowledge integrationin engineering design. Semi-structured in-depth

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2: Curriculum and the Classroom

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sangarappillai Sivaloganathan, United Arab Emirates University; Essam K. Zaneldin P.E., United Arab Emirates University; Sarah Samir Sedra, United Arab Emirates university; khawla Mousa Alrayssi, UAEU ; Riham Mohamed Surkatti Ms, Graduate Student ; Haya Mohammed Al Nuaimi, UAEU

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

University of Waterloo in the area of Construction Engineering and Management. Dr Zaneldin is a professional engineer currently working as an associate professor of Construction Engineering and Management at the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, United Arab Emirates University. Dr Zaneldin is also the head of the College of Engineer- ing Requirements Unit and the Director of the Master of Engineering Management Program at the United Arab Emirates University. In addition to his experience in the academia, Dr Zaneldin has more than thirteen years of work experience in areas related to design, construction supervision, and project man- agement of mega size projects in North America and the Middle East. He

Conference Session

Engineering Management Division Technical Session 2: Curriculum and the Classroom

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Homero Murzi, The University of Queenslad; Jurij Karlovsek, The University of Queensland; Bianey Ruiz, University of Táchira - Venezuela; Lilianny Virguez, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University; omar perez

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

need is by using teams (Varvel, Adams,Pridie, & Ruiz Ulloa, 2004). Organizations recognize the importance for employees tounderstand how to work effectively with others, but also express that new employees do notbring adequate teaming skills to the workplace (S. Adams & Ruiz, 2004; Pascarella &Terenzini, 2005). Despite calls to promote teamwork as “an indispensable quality forengineering”(Lingard & Barkataki, 2011) engineering schools have been generally slow indeveloping pedagogies that successfully promote collaborative behaviors. Several initiativeshave been done in engineering education -like project-based learning and team-basedlearning to try to promote teamwork skills (Felder & Brent, 2009; Prince, 2004). However

Conference Session

IE and EM Program Innovation

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Jinkins, University of Wisconsin-Platteville; Jill Clough, University of Wisconsin-Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AC 2007-2326: PIE IN THE SKY: MODELING MANAGEMENT IN THECLASSROOMPatricia Jinkins, University of Wisconsin-Platteville Patricia Jinkins, University of Wisconsin-Platteville PAT JINKINS is an Associate Professor of Industrial Engineering at UW-Platteville. She graduated from the University of Tennessee and earned her Doctor of Engineering at Texas A&M so considers herself a “Volunteer Aggie.” She has worked in project and engineering management positions but has been at UW-Platteville since 2000. She currently serves as IE program coordinator.Jill Clough, University of Wisconsin-Platteville Jill M. Clough, University of Wisconsin-Platteville JILL CLOUGH is a Professor of Industrial

Conference Session

IE and EM Program Mangement

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ahmad Sarfaraz, California State University-Northridge; Tarek Shraibati, California State University-Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AC 2007-1307: A CULMINATING EXPERIENCE MODEL FOR MASTER’SSTUDENTSAhmad Sarfaraz, California State University-NorthridgeTarek Shraibati, California State University-Northridge Page 12.29.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 A Culminating Experience Model for Master’s Students in Engineering ManagementAbstractMost graduate schools that offer Master’s Degrees require some sort of culminating experience.These culminating experiences usually consist of a thesis or project, or an examination based oncertain core courses. Department of Manufacturing Systems Engineering and Management(MSEM) at California State University, Northridge

Conference Session

Professional Engineering Management Initiatives

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Merino, Stevens Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AC 2008-585: ASEM EM BOKDonald Merino, Stevens Institute of Technology Donald N. Merino is a tenured full professor and the Alexander Crombie Humphreys Chaired Professor of Economics of Engineering at Stevens Institute of Technology. He teaches Engineering Economy, Decision Analysis, Total Quality Management, and Strategic Planning. He is Founder Emeritus of the undergraduate Bachelor of Engineering in Engineering Management (BEEM) and the Executive Master in Technology Management (EMTM) Program at Stevens. He won the Morton Distinguished Teaching Award for full professors at Stevens. John Wiley published his book, “The Selection Process for Capital Projects”. Dr. Merino received two

Conference Session

Frontiers in EM Education

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen A. Raper, Missouri University of Science & Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

lessonslearned thus far. The paper will also discuss how department alumni can be essential partners inthis process both in terms of identifying projects, and in assessing student strengths andweaknesses. Final conclusions will be offered that may be beneficial to other EngineeringManagement programs.Introduction and BackgroundEngineering Management as a discipline at the Missouri University of Science and Technologyhas followed somewhat of a unique path, championed by Professor Bernie Sarchet. This pathbegan in the mid 1960’s when the program was originally housed outside of the school ofengineering. However, Professor Sarchet saw the need to develop the degree into one whichcould be accredited and allow graduates of the program to pursue professional

Conference Session

Examining the Synergy between Eng'g Mgmt & Sys Eng

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wade Shaw, Florida Tech; Muzaffar Shaikh, Florida Tech; Carmo D'Cruz, Florida Tech

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Engineering Systems at Florida Tech have greatly enriched thestudents’ educational experience, broadened their perspectives, served as community outreachforums and integrated experiential learning with academic programs. Students work in E-teamsand write NCIIA proposals to commercialize innovative product or university/research labdeveloped technology.This paper describes a unique course series in Systems Engineering (SE) Entrepreneurship.Innovation in product/service design and commercialization that enables entrepreneurship can besuccessfully leveraged by applying SE principles/ techniques which parallel entrepreneurshipsteps such as Customer Requirements Engineering and opportunity recognition; Project/QualityEngineering, Decision/Risk Analysis

Conference Session

Programs and Pedagogies

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sandra L. Furterer, University of Dayton

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

and concepts help to integrate thespecialty engineering designs together to better design and manage complex systems. Thesesame systems engineering tools can be used to teach systems engineering to engineers. Agraduate-level engineering management curriculum includes a Management of EngineeringSystems course, whose key learning objective is for the students to be able to synthesize andapply the systems engineering methods and tools to a real-world system design project. Thispaper will describe how the instructor applied systems engineering tools to enhance learning ofsystems engineering tools and concepts in an engineering management course. The studentsapplied the systems engineering tools in the course to design a system in teams of 4 to 5

Conference Session

Enhancing Engineering Management

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Liana Bayatyan, Baruch College, City University of New York (CUNY); S. Jimmy Gandhi, California State University, Northridge

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

thereare many opportunities to conduct research in the area of interaction between people andmachines, tasks and environments [18] – both of which are interactions that are necessary forengineering managers to understand in order to manage projects successfully. Psychological Theories that affect the workplace The mechanistic paradigm originated during the Scientific Revolution and dominated thescientific realm up until the mid 20th century [5]. According to the mechanistic approach, theuniverse, people and other entities are complex mechanisms and are best understood through themechanistic perspective. Initially, the management of human capital within the organizationalsettings was also purely mechanistic. The 18th

Conference Session

New Trends in Engineering Management Education

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Patricia Galloway, The Nielsen-Wurster Group, Inc

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

AC 2008-191: THE 21ST CENTURY ENGINEERPatricia Galloway, The Nielsen-Wurster Group, Inc Dr. Patricia D. Galloway is the chief executive officer of The Nielsen-Wurster Group, Inc. and Director of Pegasus Global Holdings, Inc. Dr. Galloway was the first woman to serve as president of the American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE) in the organization’s 154-year history, her proudest accomplishment by being able to serve as a role model to young women engineers. She was appointed by President Bush in 2006 to the National Science Board for a six-year term. She is a licensed professional engineer in fourteen U.S. states, Canada and Australia, a certified project management

Conference Session

Examining the Synergy between Eng'g Mgmt & Sys Eng

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Timothy Trainor, U.S. Military Academy; Heidi Hoyle, U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

practice.These outcomes provide the focus for the EM curriculum. The EM program model (Figure 1) offers a mix of engineering management, systemsengineering, an engineering discipline of cadet choice, finance and organizational managementcourses. Methods courses provide the EM major the basic tools and techniques for thediscipline. Cadets choose a specific engineering discipline (civil, mechanical, electrical,environmental or nuclear engineering) in which to develop a foundation in engineeringprinciples. Project courses build on some of the methods courses and provide cadets specificapplications useful for engineering managers. The organization, finance and management topicsgive cadets the multi-disciplinary exposure an engineering manager needs

Conference Session

EMD Recruitment and Certification

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

William Daughton, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

. Table 1 Graduate Certificates in The EMSE DepartmentGraduate Certificate Courses StatusProject Management EMGT 308 Economic Decision Analysis Implemented EMGT 361 Project Management Certified by EMGT 362 Case Studies in Project Management PMI EMGT 461 Global Project ManagementMilitary EMGT 313 Managerial Decision Making ImplementedConstruction EMGT 314 Management for Engineers andManagement Scientists CE345 Construction Methods CE 442 Construction Administration

Conference Session

EMD Program Design

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cassandra Elrod, University of Missouri; Ashley Rasnic, University of Missouri; William Daughton, University of Missouri

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

Bridge the Gap Material/Equipment Management Business Operations Management Science Decision MakingTerm Systems Problem Solving Ethics Staffing Controlling Resources Project Management Organizations Planning Marketing Cost/Finance Organizing Communication Leadership

Conference Session

Instructional Design

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

K.J. Rogers, University of Texas, Arlington; Melanie L. Sattler, University of Texas, Arlington; Andrea M. Graham, University of Texas, Arlington; Stephen P. Mattingly, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

AC 2012-4103: ”LIFE CYCLE SUSTAINABILITY ECONOMICS” MOD-ULEDr. K.J. Rogers, University of Texas, ArlingtonDr. Melanie L. Sattler, University of Texas, Arlington Melanie Sattler serves as an Associate Professor at the University of Texas, Arlington, where she teaches courses and conducts research related to air quality and sustainable energy. Her research has been spon- sored by the National Science Foundation, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Luminant Power, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. She has published more than 60 peer- reviewed papers and conference proceedings. In 2010, she received UT Arlington’s Lockheed Martin Excellence in Engineering Education Award. She is a registered

Conference Session

Improving IE Course Content

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Victoria C. P. Chen, University of Texas, Arlington; K.J. Rogers, University of Texas, Arlington; Andrea M. Graham, University of Texas, Arlington; John F. Dickson, University of Texas, Arlington; Stephen P. Mattingly, University of Texas, Arlington; Melanie L. Sattler, University of Texas, Arlington; Yvette Pearson Weatherton, University of Texas, Arlington

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Economy, Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering

Professor at the University of Texas, Arlington, where she teaches courses and conducts research related to air quality and sustainable energy. Her research has been spon- sored by the National Science Foundation, Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Luminant Power, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. She has published more than 60 peer- reviewed papers and conference proceedings. In 2010, she received UT Arlington’s Lockheed Martin Excellence in Engineering Teaching Award. She is a registered Professional Engineer in the state of Texas.Dr. Yvette Pearson Weatherton, University of Texas, Arlington Yvette Pearson Weatherton received her Ph.D. in engineering and applied science (environmental engi

Conference Session

Engineering Management Program Design

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Anoop Desai, Georgia Southern University; Jean-Claude Thomassian, State University of New York, Maritime College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management

lucrative for working professionals as well asdistance learners. The paper examines how the basic principles of Six Sigma were systematicallyapplied to curriculum development to not only ensure quality of the program but also toexpressly address needs of the students and industry.IntroductionAs engineers, scientists, and technologists advance in their careers, they encounter an increasingexpectation of project and team management. At the same time, these technical specialists areoftentimes poorly prepared to take on these additional job responsibilities. A Master of Sciencein Engineering Management degree is designed to help technical professionals take this next stepin their career. In addition to added technical exposure, this well-rounded degree

Conference Session

Systems Engineering Education and K-12

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Eva Andrijcic, University of Virginia

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Management, Industrial Engineering, Systems Engineering

basic concepts of riskanalysis and systems thinking, and to provide them with some basic tools through which they canholistically and systematically explore and analyze risk-based decision problems. Lessons werestructured to emphasize the need for critical, systems thinking across different dimensions andstudents were encouraged to integrate and apply knowledge that they acquired in differentclasses, including math and science. This aspect of the curriculum addressed the apparent lack ofknowledge integration across different classes at both the high school and undergraduateeducation8-9. In order to promote the application of learned knowledge, students, organized insmall groups, worked on a class project over the period of several days. Each