Conference Session

Innovative Curriculum In Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

S. Sridhara, Middle Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

develop their Excelprograms but they are free to consult the instructor at any stage. In any case, they are requiredto submit professional quality results. Team work and the use the Excel programs to solve thetest and/or the final exam problems address the course objectives listed above as well as thefollowing learning outcomes.• The ability to function effectively on teams and communicate effectively.• The ability to utilize their knowledge of engineering materials, statics, dynamics, and strength of materials and solve problems related to mechanical systems that are stationary as well as in motion.In the spring and fall semesters of 2011 the author plans to compare performance of thosestudents who used the Excel programs in the test

Conference Session

Non-Technical Skills in ET

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald C. Richter, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

energy savings projects to make management understand the advantage toimplementing the proposed projects. The paper will also discuss the lessons learned fromteaching the course and plans for the future course development. The model for the coursepresented should be easily transported to other institutions and should help other faculty todevelop courses that can help create a new "green" thinking student who can then go out intoindustry and make a difference in our nation's energy usage.IntroductionUniversities have a responsibility to train the future engineers of our country to think green inmanaging the resources that we use in industrial facilities. Training students to recognize energysaving opportunities in industrial facilities will help

Conference Session

Industry Collaborations in Engineering Technology

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

- Page 15.942.7date academic programs that endeavor to meet the immediate and future needs of industry. TheMichigan Technological University’s strategic plan calls for us to be nationally recognized forprograms that advance technological education through excellence in learning, discovery, andengagement. While we are a technology program, we go beyond most other technologyprograms by offering significant hands-on lab experiences and applied research opportunities toundergraduates. These experiences complement the classroom experience and prepare ourstudents for careers in a wide range of industries.The Electrical Engineering Technology program has identified present needs for a new state-of-the-art robotics laboratory, that will support a new

Conference Session

Unique Developments in Engineering Technology

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Aleksandr Sergeyev, Michigan Technological University; Nasser Alaraje, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

on-line. During the last four days of the course the students will perform hands-onactivities completing all the laboratory assignment.Facilities – Robotics LaboratoryThe School of Technology at the Michigan Tech offers high-quality, up-to-date academicprograms that endeavor to meet the immediate and future needs of industry. The Michigan Techstrategic plan calls for us to be nationally recognized for programs that advance technologicaleducation through excellence in learning, discovery, and engagement. While we are a technologyprogram, we go beyond most other technology programs by offering significant hands-on labexperiences and applied research opportunities to undergraduates. These experiencescomplement the classroom experience and

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Design I

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Charles G. Drake, Ferris State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

circle.Fastener design and column buckling are introduced. Such courses are often challenging dueboth to the nature of the subjects themselves and to students being at the beginning of thedevelopment of their aptitudes in mathematics-based problem solving.Starting as an experimental course in Fall 1999, faculty have created the one-credit lab basedcourse to provide more problem-solving experience in these very important subjects. Coveringthe course material with 4 hours of lecture has always been challenging. The lab was created tosupplement instruction for MET students.This document covers experience from the first years of the course which were done generallywith low cost/no cost equipment. A sequential paper is planned; the future paper will

Conference Session

Graduate Education and Undergraduate Research in ET

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Afsheen Mozammel, Purdue University, Calumet; Lash B. Mapa, Purdue University, Calumet; Susan Scachitti, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

meeting for NSDs redundant,reducing the amount of non value-added conversation regarding nurse and patient updates.ControlIn the control phase, the improvements that were identified during the improve phase weredocumented and thoroughly captured. A roadmap of solving the problem was established.Implementation plans as well as change management procedures were suggested to ensure thesuccessful transition of the solution to the team that was ultimately responsible for the process. Inorder to maintain the sustainability the gains made from the process improvements it wassuggested that the use of new technology and the implemented solutions be monitored by theNSD and results tracked in NSD’s performance appraisals.Project ResultsAfter one year of the

Conference Session

Assessment & Continuous Improvement in ET: Part I

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Richard Chiou, Drexel University; William Danley, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Engineering and Technology (ABET). The self-study team was able tocreate a thorough and effective plan to assess the processes used for the ABET accreditation. Themission of the program is to provide contemporary students with an academic foundation andpractical education in engineering technology through an outstanding curriculum and appliedresearch program, and the participation of our students in one of the nation’s most successful co-operative educational programs. Capitalizing on the success of the implementation of Web-based technology in the AET curriculum through the support of NSF CCLI Phase 1 and 2projects since 2004, the quality of curriculum, course offerings, and laboratory facilities areimproved to meet the program mission. The

Conference Session

Renewable Energy Topics

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Faruk Yildiz, Sam Houston State University; Keith L. Coogler Dr., Sam Houston State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

environment inthe unit. The simulation is a thermal analysis using the finite element method. There is nostructural analysis. The components are oriented out of plan with each other, not because ofstructural deformation, but because the hot and cold lines in the condenser unit were not parallelto each other and we wanted to avoid putting a mechanical load on the thermoelectric unit. Aflexible component was later added to the system to prevent mechanical loading of thethermoelectric module due to either thermal stress/strain or vibration. Here are the steps arefollowed:  Students studied the overall HVAC unit to determine potential sources of waste energy and devised methods for energy harvesting  Predesign measurements were made to

Conference Session

Simulations and Project Based Learning I

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy L. Denton PE, CVA3, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

used. For the initial implementation,it was not possible to reuse the caps, an unfortunate fact to discover when multiple consecutivelaboratory sessions were underway. With more sturdy (and expensive) water bottles, thisproblem was alleviated. Implementation cost is primarily the water bottles: this could benegligible if the instructor plans ahead and saves bottles from a single manufacturer. Otherwise, Page 24.1107.8cost should be on the order of five dollars, depending on class size. If this activity were done in alarge lecture setting, having students bring in their own water bottles and simply pre-measuringand checking material

Conference Session

Distance Learning in Engineering Technology

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela D Hutson-Stone, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Julie M. Little-Wiles, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Eugenia Fernandez, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis; Patricia Fox, Indiana University Purdue University, Indianapolis

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

, students who visited the LMS site less frequentlyearned lower grades than other students who visited more often.The lack of gender differences in course grades and LMS usage is consistent with Beer, Clarkand Jones’4 work, but contradicts McSporran and Young’s3 results which indicated womenearned higher grades in an online course. Based on our conflicting results, and our small femalesample size (n=12), we conclude there was not enough data collected to appropriately drawmeaningful conclusions for this engineering and technology course. Collecting larger samplesmay provide different results than the analysis of this pilot study found. Planned next steps tothis research include the continuation of this study for the IRB approved two-year period

Conference Session

ETAC, ABET, & STEM Programs

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

John L. Irwin, Michigan Technological University; Joshua M. Pearce, Department of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Michigan Technological University; Gerald Anzalone, Michigan Technological University; Douglas E. Oppliger P.E., Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

for K-12 science education arepresent at all grade levels at varying degrees. Implementation of these guidelines are present inthe Museum of Science in Boston’s Engineering is Elementary where engineering design isembedded in materials that can be used for both science and language arts for the elementarygrades.1The NGSS guidelines include a framework with eight practices including number six,“constructing explanations and designing solutions”, which is where one major distinction ismade between science and engineering practice. The goal of science is to construct theoriesabout the natural world where the goal of engineering design is to find solutions to problems thatcan be manifested in a physical product, plan, or mechanical device. K-12

Conference Session

Topics Enhancing ET Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michael Johnson, Texas A&M University; Jorge L Alvarado, Texas A&M University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the course and students then “apply” to work on aproject. The instructor then selects the teams to work on the various projects. Throughout thecourse of the semester, student must prepare a project proposal, and submit weekly progressmemos, a mid-term report, and a final report. There are also design reviews prior to both themid-term and final reports.Many of the capstone course projects cannot be completed in one semester due to thecomplexities and requirements set by the industry sponsor. Therefore, each phase of the projectshould be scoped and planned precisely so the next design team can complete the projectsatisfactorily in a timely manner. Furthermore, to ensure a seamless project progress over aperiod of two semesters or more, adequate

Conference Session

Integrating Curriculum and Labs in Engineering Technology Programs

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhibin Tan, East Tennessee State University; William H. Blanton, East Tennessee State University; Qianru Zhang, East Tennessee State University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the students in achieving such kind of goals. The remaining of the paper is organized as the following: the second section will give details about the system hardware and software. The third section introduces some background information about EEG signal processing. The forth section will discuss the plans of how to implement the system and make it work. The last section will be the summary of the main points of this paper.II. Hardware and Software of the System The complete system consists of: 1) an EEG data acquisition device, 2) a host PC that runs the software ( Biopac Hardware API, MATLAB, CCS) for program developing, results displaying, and data exchange with the DSP and

Conference Session

K-12 and STEM Programs in Engineering Technology

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Daniel Tillman, The University of Texas at El Paso (UTEP)

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

of the activities a short interview took place asking the participants about theirreactions to the intervention. The findings from this pilot study are primarily intended forthe purpose of determining implications for the design and development of supportmaterials for other teachers desiring to build their own DIY interactive digitalwhiteboards are presented, should the intervention be determined to be feasible.As a discussion of data collection methods that will be utilized in the larger line ofinquiry, it is planned that data collection for this line of inquiry will include task basedinterviews, questionnaires, surveys, focus groups, and observations. Task basedinterviews: Task-based interviews will take place at the beginning and end of

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Capstone Projects

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University; Murat Kuzlu, Old Dominion University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

frequency shift keying (FSK). This project used a microprocessor design with a keypad to facilitate user input. The selected signal is modulated by hardware, and the signal is presented at a test point for display via oscilloscope. A simple 555 timer and cascading filter network were chosen for the frequency generation module. The design process, circuit schematic, program code, and theory of operation were included in the project. The project demonstrates that a student interested in wireless communication can construct a simple circuit to measure and test the fundamental elements of RF generation and modulation. Student plans to develop additional modules to demonstrate amplitude shift keying (ASK) and binary phase shift

Conference Session

Focus on ETAC Accreditation

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ilya Y. Grinberg, Buffalo State College, The State University of New York; Jill Singer, Buffalo State College, The State University of New York

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

several cases, more than one EvaluateUR- CURE outcome component supports the course rubric. This suggests that EvaluateUR- CURE can be of value in helping a student better understand what behavior(s) defines the course rubric and discern what aspect of the rubric might be the underlying cause of the lower score. This awareness can be an important motivation for the student to plan how they might want to address a particular area that needs attention.In sum, the initial comparison of data from this pilot implementation of EvaluateUR-CURE ispromising and we intend to continue our efforts. If proven useful, EvaluateUR-CURE has thepotential to be adopted by other engineering/engineering technology departments offering

Conference Session

New ET Curriculum and Teaching Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Robert Strangeway, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Edward Chandler, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Roger Brown, Chippewa Valley Technical College; Kenneth Exworthy, Northeast Wisconsin Technical College (retired); Jeffrey Fancher, Western Wisconsin Technical College; Walter Hedges, Fox Valley Technical College; Terry Fleischman, Fox Valley Technical College; Patrick Hoppe, Gateway Technical College; Richard Lokken, Milwaukee Area Technical College; Thomas Martin, Northeast Wisconsin Technical College; Daniel Merkel, Milwaukee Area Technical College (retired); Michael O'Donnell, Milwaukee School of Engineering; Terry O'Laughlin, Madison Area Technical College; Mark Porubsky, Milwaukee Area Technical College; Robert Steker, Waukesha County Technical College; Timothy Tewalt, Chippewa Valley Technical College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

. The presentation is somewhat generic, i.e., it covers issues that studentsshould address if they are considering to continue their education beyond the AAS degree.Major issues addressed in the presentation, adapted as necessary to the particular audience,include: • The presenter’s background – begins the student bond to the +2 BS-EET program • Transfer agreement concept, process, and admission requirements • The transfer process: application, transcripts, transfer evaluation, academic plan • Financial aid process (especially important for private colleges) and transfer scholarships • Overview of the +2 BS-EET curriculum, including a few samples of topics with which the AAS-EET student can relate • Scheduling

Conference Session

ET Pedagogy III

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Sonia Travaglini, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University; Helen L. Chen, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

than moving on without addressing knowledge gaps. ● Developing and instructing additional training in active learning teaching methods for departmental teaching assistants, initially as a discrete course, and then incorporated as a mandatory training courses for student employees in Bioengineering. ● Using ‘scaffolding’, using instructional plans to lead the students from what they already know, such as using prompts, questioning, or cue cards [33], to form a deeper understanding of new material [34] with a fading level of instructor support. ● Implementing ‘exit tickets’, an end of class short task to reflect on learning, such as students noting what was most valuable, and what they are still confused

Conference Session

New Directions for Engineering Technology

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jay R. Porter, Texas A&M University; Michael D. Johnson, Texas A&M University; Andrea M. Ogilvie P.E., Texas A&M University; Christopher Cantrell, Texas A&M University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

first- orsecond-choice major; and 83.1% were placed in their first-choice major.Under the FYE model, General Engineering students are strongly encouraged to apply forETAM during the semester they plan to complete Math 152 (Engineering Mathematics II),PHYS 206 (Newtonian Mechanics for Engineering & Science), and ENGR 216 (ExperimentalPhysics & Engineering Lab II). Specific ETAM Eligibility Requirements for GeneralEngineering students are summarized below. • Complete at least two semesters of coursework in-residence at Texas A&M University. • Complete at least the following courses with a minimum grade of C or higher: o Two engineering courses taken at Texas A&M (ENGR 102, ENGR 216) o Two science courses

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Pedagogy 1

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Keith S. Pate, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Jose M. Garcia, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Farid Breidi, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

has plans to actively continue the development of practical teaching tools that bring industry applications to the classroom.Dr. Farid Breidi, Purdue University, West Lafayette Dr. Farid Breidi is an Assistant Professor in the School of Engineering Technology at Purdue University. Farid received his B.E. in Mechanical Engineering degree from the American University of Beirut in 2010, his M.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 2012, and his Ph.D. in Agricultural and Biological Engineering from Purdue University in 2016. The primary focus of Farid’s research is modeling and design of fluid power and mechanical systems. He is interested in integrating machine learning and data

Conference Session

Engineering Technology Curriculum and Programs

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Zach Schreiber, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Robert J. Herrick, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Anne M. Lucietto, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

Implications," 2016.[19] I. Gustavsson, T. Olsson, H. Åkesson, J. Zackrisson, and L. Håkansson, "A remote electronics laboratory for physical experiments using virtual breadboards," in Proceedings of the 2005 ASEE Annaual Conference, 2005, pp. 12-15.[20] "Lon Capa Purdue University." Lon Capa. https://loncapa.purdue.edu/adm/login (accessed March 25, 2020).[21] K. Nikolopoulos, S. Punia, A. Schäfers, C. Tsinopoulos, and C. Vasilakis, "Forecasting and planning during a pandemic: COVID-19 growth rates, supply chain disruptions, and governmental decisions," European journal of operational research, vol. 290, no. 1, pp. 99-115, 2020.[22] "Hantek 2000 Series." Hantek. http://hantek.com/products/detail/13174

Conference Session

Issues in Engineering Technology Education II

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Otilia Popescu, Old Dominion University; Vukica M. Jovanovic, Old Dominion University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

intensive coursewhich requires written reports. A formal written report is finally required for capstone project.Old Dominion University started a university wide initiative to improve the students’ writingskills with emphasis on upper division undergraduate classes. The university QualityEnhancement Plan (QEP) on Improving Disciplinary Writing (IDW) started in 2012 and one ofits components is training faculty through a one-week workshop on the best practices to teachand assess writing. Upon completion of the workshop, the IDW team continues to work withparticipating faculty to assist them in implementing and assessing writing assignments in theircourses.Since the summer of 2012 several faculty in Engineering Technology department (Electrical

Conference Session

Mechanical Design and Projects

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jyhwen Wang, Texas A&M University; Richard Harris, Sandia National Laboratories

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

management – A complete grasp of functional and non-functional design requirements is essential. Good designers must fully understand the design problem, interface constraints and previous successful solutions to similar problems. Effective designers must also manage their time and cost constraints. Basic project management discipline is therefore a necessary element for success.The TAMU-SNL collaboration also leads to a critical review of the MMET mechanical designcurriculum. ABET accreditation requires a continuous improvement plan to ensure the quality ofthe educational program. The schematic of the MMET continuous improvement process isshown in Figure 2 [9]. Loop 2 (in Figure 2) shows that the input from an

Conference Session

Emerging Trends in Industrial Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Wesley Stone, Western Carolina University; Zachary Kuhn, Western Carolina University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

prototyping, fluid power, numerical methods, occupationalhealth and safety, automation, and quality. The adoption of six sigma techniques in the pastdecade has placed a high priority on quality in the workplace, and accordingly in the classroom2.Presently, the Engineering Technology curriculum offers one undergraduate course, QualitySystems, and one graduate course, Quality Assurance, in the area of quality. Based on inputfrom the industrial advisory committee, there are plans to add a second undergraduate course inquality to provide more of those industry-sought six sigma skills. The emphasis on the existingundergraduate course is the application of statistical fundamentals to basic quality tools, such asstatistical process control (SPC), gage

Conference Session

Leadership Perspectives in Engineering Technology

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Donald Richter, Eastern Washington University; William Loendorf, Eastern Washington University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

established along with the overall functionality of thedeliverable. Exactly how the deliverable will perform the specified functions is determined bythe students as part of the project. Planning meetings are scheduled to monitor progress andreview the status of the design. When adequate progress is not being made, ways to catch upmust be determined by the students since the deadlines cannot be extended. Then depending Page 12.737.3upon the scope of the project, either a proof of concept demonstration or a delivery of thefinished product is required.Every project has constraints and the ones assigned in class are no exception. Obviously costconstraints

Conference Session

Mechanical Engineering Technology Curriculum

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alan McGaughey, Carnegie Mellon University; Jeremy Michalek, Carnegie Mellon University

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

them to plan out future lectures. Students will also be able to catch errors or askcritical-thinking questions, and the instructor can even set up a reward system forinsightful student input. Thus, the notes will be in a dynamic state throughout thesemester, and they can be updated and reused in future course offerings or even for othercourses with overlapping material. Course notes can also easily be linked off of the maincourse schedule, and connections among topics can be emphasized by linking key wordsto related pages of course notes. Page 13.1402.53.3 Monitoring student progressWhen students are given assignments to contribute new material to

Conference Session

Educating for Results: Tools used in Engineering Technology

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Recayi 'Reg' Pecen; Ayhan Zora; Faruk Yildiz, University of Northern Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

modeling using Simulink.Another research incorporating the use of multimedia tools into a reverse engineeringcourse has been presented by Madara Ogot3. The main goal of this study was to usemultimedia initiative for the students to learn how to use main tools, and use them inother academic activities beyond the reverse engineering class. Since, a classicmechanical engineering curriculum may not offer instructions of the use of multimediatools in the areas of computer illustration, animation, and image manipulation, thisexperience increased interest of the major students. Besides, instruction on the use ofthese tools was incorporated into a mechanical engineering course at Ruther Universitywhere it was planned to send out follow-up surveys at the

Conference Session

Critical issues in IT and IET: Focus Group

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shoji Nakayama, Purdue University, Calumet

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

by the industry and societywho benefits from our graduates.OLS faculties at PUC are fully aware of the importance of this requirement, and have planned away to keep the institution competitive. One of the processes to keep us competitive is to designour program so that our students will have 100% employment rate after graduation. Forming andcollaborating with an AAC to align our program with those requirements set by industries is oneof the important steps which SH&E Management major has decided to focus on. Dr. Guthrie, aprofessor at Central College in Australia also stated that the role of Academic Advisory Board isto provide advice appropriate to the academic activities such as in curriculum design and content,course delivery, course

Conference Session

Assessment Methods

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Abi Aghayere, Rochester Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

the concrete cover requirements for reinforcing steel (rebar) and the reasons for providing this cover Discuss the structural design principles used in the ACI code Describe the meaning of the various limit states. Understand the ACI code limit states design method, the strength reduction factors, the load factors, and load combinations. Layout the beams and girders in a concrete roof or floor plan using a one-way slab system. Page 11.1283.11 Differentiate between one- way and two-way slab systems. Estimate the roof and floor slab uniform loads. Calculate the service

Conference Session

Successful Grant Proposals

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

James Houdeshell, Sinclair Community College; Shep Anderson, Sinclair Community College; Gilah Pomeranz, Sinclair Community College

Tagged Divisions

Engineering Technology

problem solving 0.54, use of small groups 0.31, andusing problems 0.20[34]. The competencies supported by the instructional design architecture areby their construction aimed at developing higher level thinking skills. HEERG (2003), anindependent evaluation group from University of California Berkley, provided these commentsabout the activities: “To prepare students for a standard condition of uncertainty, ALTs placestudents in confusing situations for which there is no single correct solution.” HEERG furthercommented, “students are required to make decisions, produce recommendations, compare,balance competing factors, identify variations, justify, make changes, and/or develop andevaluate plans. The modules present realistic challenges for which