Conference Session

Hands-on Laboratory and Design Experiences in Environmental Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Sudarshan T. Kurwadkar, Tarleton State University; Daniel K. Marble, Tarleton State University; Jennifer T. Edwards, Tarleton State University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Society for Engineering Education, 2012 Summer Merit Camp and Environmental Communication Week: Targeted Approaches to Environmental Engineering EducationAbstract:This paper discusses the effectiveness of two targeted approaches, a three-week paid summercamp for high school junior and senior students selected based upon proficiency in high schoolmath and science classes and teacher recommendations and an environmental communicationweek targeted toward general university students, in promoting environmental education ispresented. The environmental communication week was a cross-collaborative environmentaleducation project involving lectures from experts in related fields and interactive activitieshighlighting the importance of green

Conference Session

Environmental engineering pedagogy and innovation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R Bielefeldt, University of Colorado Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

-selected groups of two to three to solve a series of example problems. Thegraded activities for students remained the same as in previous semesters: homeworkassignments that were primarily quantitative; a team project related to remediation that requiredtwo written reports and two oral presentations based on a site risk assessment and a remedialdesign feasibility evaluation; and a midterm and final exam. Assessment methods used todetermine the effectiveness of the revised course model included: student logs showing videoresource use from the Blackboard software; student feedback on an informal in-class survey andthe final course evaluations; a comparison of student knowledge from the traditional class modeland inverted model based on performance

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nathaniel P. Sheehan, United States Military Academy; Jeffrey A. Starke, United States Military Academy; David C. Zgonc, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

events included: o 3 quizzes for quick, in-class evaluation o 3 on-line quizzes (Blackboard assignments) with hints as feedback (one question used with minor modifications as a TEE question) o 4 numbered homeworks (one fewer than 2016) of shorter length with more points associated with them o Streamlined (shortened and presented in multiple, successive parts to highlight problem solving frameworks) Streeter-Phelps homework and group engineer design project from previous years o 3 group lab assignments worth less points than previous years (cut 20 points from each report submission; the hands-on portion remained the same

Conference Session

Intersdisciplinary Courses and Environmental Undergraduate Research

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Helene Hilger, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Francis De Los Reyes, North Carolina State University; Warren DiBiase, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Len Holmes, University of North Carolina - Pembroke; Stephanie Luster-Teasley, North Carolina A&T State University; Siva Mandjiny, University of North Carolina - Pembroke; Todd Steck, University of North Carolina-Charlotte; Keith Schimmel, North Carolina A&T State University; Chuang Wang, University of North Carolina-Charlotte

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Professor of Educational Research at the University of North Carolina - Charlotte. Dr. Wang teaches educational research and statistics courses. Dr. Wang received a master of applied statistics degree and a PhD degree in educational research from The Ohio State University. Page 12.1083.2© American Society for Engineering Education, 2007 MULTI-CAMPUS DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION OF PROBLEM-BASED-LEARNING COURSES IN ENVIRONMENTAL BIOTECHNOLOGY WITH INTERDISCIPLINARY LEARNINGIntroductionThe project described here began with a civil engineering and biology laboratory

Conference Session

Sustainability in Engineering Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Michelle Jarvie, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

include one or more of the Engineering Programs following considerations…impacts of construction projects; impacts of exploration, development, and extraction of resources, and consequential remediation; disposal of wastes…”4 Mining and Similarly “The program must demonstrate that graduates Named Engineering have…proficiency in engineering topics related to both surface Programs and underground mining, including…environmental issues…”4 Code Results for S3: Society: Social Impacts & Issues, Law & Public Policy, Safety, and People Specific Program Concept as

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

work on a term project in a small team.Course OutcomesThis first offering of Experiences in Environmental Engineering had twenty-threestudents (48% women, 52% men). In the sections below, findings on learningpreferences and outcomes are revealed.Learning PreferencesTo examine the appropriateness of the course design all students were evaluated forlearning style preference. No two students learn alike. There are two primary reasons forthis: intellectual development, and learning preferences1. Both have genetic and culturalroots. While intellectual development is a measure of the maturity of the student’s mindand has been a favorite molding target of passionate teachers everywhere, learningpreference is less easily influenced. Learning style is

Conference Session

Best in 5 Minutes: Demonstrating Interactive Teaching Activities

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Ruth Abigail Mower, United States Military Academy; Erick Martinez P.E., United States Military Academy; Landon M. Raby, United States Military Academy; John Boyle, United States Military Academy, West Point; Andrew Ross Pfluger, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering

Community Development, Environmental Science, and Environmental Engineering Technologies.Lt. Col. Landon M Raby P.E., United States Military Academy LTC Raby is an Engineer officer with experience within both US Army Corps of Engineers and within Combat Units at the battalion, brigade, district, task force and corps levels. His experiences include four operational engineer assignments in support of Operation Enduring Freedom and one engineer assign- ment in support of Operation Joint Guardian. His research and teaching interests are in master planning, water resources, sustainable LEED design, program and project management. LTC Raby teaches EV450 (Environmental Engineering for Community Development) and EV481 (Water

Conference Session

Innovative Development for Various Faculty Lines

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Jes Barron, U.S. Military Academy; Andrew Ross Pfluger, U.S. Military Academy; Kathryn K Pegues, United States Military Academy; Thomas Bazemore

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering, Faculty Development Division

. Specifically, allnew faculty participate in a ~6 weeklong initial summer training workshop run at the departmentlevel. Here, new faculty are given the opportunity to develop relationships with their facultycohort as they explore foundational teaching skills. New faculty members also completenumerous events designed to indoctrinate them into our university’s community. Beyond initialsummer training, our university maintains the Center for Faculty Excellence (CFE), whichprovides numerous faculty development opportunities throughout the academic year. The mostintensive CFE offering is the Master Teacher Program, which is a two-year program consistingof teaching-related classes and a required capstone project. To graduate, faculty members mustcomplete a

Conference Session

Sustainable Engineering

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Llewellyn Mann, University of Queensland; David Radcliffe, University of Queensland; Gloria Dall'Alba, University of Queensland

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

, alternately, that can return to industrial cycles to supply high-quality raw materials for new products; • Transportation that improves the quality of life while delivering goods and services; • A world of abundance, not one of limits, pollution, and waste.Building on this, McLennan2 puts forward the following definition of sustainable design:“Sustainable Design is a design philosophy that seeks to maximize the quality of the builtenvironment, while minimizing or eliminating negative impact to the natural environment.”Sustainable design is seen as a philosophy, an approach to design that can be applied to anyobject or project. It tries to enhance quality which as McLennan (p5) argues is about “creatingbetter buildings for people, better

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Svetlana Korotkova, University of Northern Iowa; Alan Czarnetzki, University of Northern Iowa; Keith McCready, University of Northern Iowa

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Conference Session

Environmental engineering pedagogy and innovation

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Alison M Cupples, Michigan State University; Susan J. Masten P.E., Michigan State University; Weimin Sun, Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

for developing countries, and is looking at improving the ceramic water purifiers for pathogen removal. Dr. Masten, along with several other faculty members, holds a patent on a hybrid ceramic membrane filtration system. She has conducted extensive research on the use of this technology for the control of disinfection by-products, nanoparticles, bromate, and phar- maceuticals in drinking water. In addition to her classroom efforts, Professor Masten guides numerous student research projects. She has graduated over 50 M.S. students and 12 Ph.D students. Dr. Masten is co-author of the textbook, Principles of Environmental Engineering and Science, which is published by Mc-Graw-Hill and is in its 3rd edition.Dr. Weimin

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division: Sustainability and Hands-On Engineering Education

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado - Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

hands-on sustainable design courseSustainability Module in Engineering CourseThe introductory course for civil and architectural engineering (CAE) students (2-credits)included sustainability as one of five main topics in the course. The course learning goals relatedto sustainability were: define sustainability, describe its importance to engineering, and identifyaspects of sustainability in civil & architectural engineering projects. A sustainability module hasbeen included in the introductory civil engineering course since 2008.12 In 2012 the civilengineering course merged with the introductory architectural engineering course. This studywas conducted with the fall 2015 course. The first day of class, students were introduced to theidea of

Conference Session

Enhancing Environmental Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mysore Narayanan, Miami University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

to allow greater studentparticipation. Although, some scholars say that such a method puts forth a completely differentapproach to college education compared to a traditional lecture format (Midgley, 2002). Therefore, it is important to assess the students’ learning capabilities and not just his/hermemory (Brown & Cooper, 1976). In other words, assessment of learning is not a third-partyresearch project or someone’s questionnaire; it must be viewed as a community effort or nothing,driven by a faculty's own commitment to reflect, judge, and improve (Marchese, 1991 & 1997). Hawkins and Winter’s ACORN model also helps to document ideas and providesguidelines to conquering and mastering change (Hawkins and Winter, 1997

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 3: Teaching Environmental Engineering in the COVID-19 Era

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Andrew Ross Pfluger, United States Military Academy; Michael A. Butkus, United States Military Academy; Benjamin Michael Wallen P.E., United States Military Academy; Mark Robert Read, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Involvement Enhancing Yes TBD Projects Day Coordination Enhancing Yes TBD Knowledge Management / SharePoint Maintenance Essential Yes YesCommunication Program Website Enhancing No N/A External Advertising Enhancing Yes No 8Table 2. Identified major activities

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Technical Session 4: Environmental Issues and the Impacts of Intersectionality

Collection

2021 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Shannon Katherine Gilmartin, Stanford University; Angela Harris, North Carolina State University; Christina Martin-Ebosele, Stanford University; Sheri Sheppard, Stanford University

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering, Women in Engineering

opportunities relevant tounderstanding the social, cultural, economic, legal, policy, and political contexts ofenvironmental engineering challenges” (p. 80). That said, interdisciplinary work is notnecessarily straightforward in the academy as historically designed. As colleagues andepistemologies from different disciplines come together in a variety of ways, the interface can beboth productive and complex [2], [9].Researchers also point to community partnerships and service learning experiences inundergraduate civil and environmental engineering curricula that reflect both systems andinterdisciplinary problem-based frameworks. They describe positive outcomes and challenges ofsuch community-engaged project work, such as students’ expanded opportunity

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 2

Collection

2018 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela R. Bielefeldt, University of Colorado, Boulder; Greg Rulifson P.E., Colorado School of Mines

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

better matched their strengths and/or interests. Someof the students with the “biggest ideas” around advancing novel, environmentally-friendlydesigns were disappointed that the engineering courses seemed to be focused on teaching currentpractice rather than creative solutions. Given these findings, it might be impactful on retention tohave EnvE students take a course specific to environmental engineering and/or one that allowsthem to be innovative in envisioning solutions to problems of their interest (such as a project-based course that allows students to select a project of interest, and significant latitude increatively exploring solutions).Students who felt that their education should be more balanced between technical and societalissues

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Walter McDonald, Virginia Tech; Daniel S Brogan, Virginia Tech; Vinod K. Lohani, Virginia Tech; Randel L. Dymond, Virginia Tech

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Page 26.238.2for water demand worldwide present challenges to scientists and engineers to attain sustainablemanagement of water resources. A recent United Nations report projects that virtually everynation will face a water supply problem within the next 8 years; currently more than a billionpeople have little access to clean drinking water, and 2 billion live in conditions of waterscarcity2. To address these critical issues, the NAE’s “The Engineer of 2020” highlights the needfor implementing ecologically sustainable practices to preserve the environment for futuregenerations. Further, the report emphasizes that water supplies will affect the future of theworld’s economy and stability3. As a result, the NAE warns that unless better ways to

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Johanna Lönngren, Chalmers University of Technology; Magdalena Svanström, Chalmers University of Technology

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

an ongoing collaborative action research project that aims to develop a tool for assessingengineering students’ development of WSP literacy. Specifically, we provide a matrix of 22concrete ILOs for WSP literacy, as well as two different approaches to assessing (some of) themin engineering education. We expect that engineering educators will find these ILOs andassessment strategies valuable for adopting a constructive alignment approach for WSP literacyin their teaching.Study overviewThe study reported on in this paper is a collaborative action research project in which theresearchers have worked together with different groups of interested engineering educators tomake sense of previous empirical research about engineering students

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division: Curricula, Criteria, Student Performance, and Growth

Collection

2016 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ran Du P.E., United States Military Academy ; Michael A. Butkus, U.S. Military Academy; Jeffrey A. Starke P.E., U.S. Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Engineering Seminar. LTC Starke has published over 10 peer reviewed research arti- cles and has presented his research at national and international meetings (most recently Portugal). Most recently, he led a service learning project with 5 students to build a latrine-based biogas system in west- ern Uganda for an elementary school of 1400 students. LTC Starke is a registered Professional Engineer (Delaware), member of several professional associations, and is a member of the National Council of Examiners for Engineers and Surveyors (NCEES). c American Society for Engineering Education, 2016 AcknowledgementsThe authors wish to thank Dr. Ed Bouwer (Johns Hopkins

Conference Session

Best in 5 Minutes: Demonstrating Interactive Teaching Activities

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Michael A. Butkus, United States Military Academy; Anand Deju Shetty, United States Military Academy; Benjamin Michael Wallen P.E., United States Military Academy; Nathaniel Sheehan, United States Military Academy; Andrew Ross Pfluger, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering

isotherms of phenol andchlorophenols onto granular activated carbon: Part I. Two-parameter models and equationsallowing determination of thermodynamic parameters. J. Haz Mat., 147, 381-394.Hutchins, R.A. (1974) New Method Simplifies Design of Activated Carbon Systems. Chem.Engr., 80, 133-138.Langmuir, I. (1918) The adsorption of gases on plane surfaces of glass, mica, and platinum, J.Am. Chem. Soc., 40, 1361-1402.Pfluger, A., D.M. Roux, and M.A. Butkus. (2012) “A Hands-On Experience in Air PollutionEngineering Courses: Implementing an Effective Indoor Air Pollution Project,” Proceedings ofthe 2012 American Society for Engineering Education Annual Conference, American Society forEngineering Education, San Antonia, TX.Senthilkumaar, S., Kalaamani, P

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Poster Session

Collection

2017 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mark H. Weir, The Ohio State University; Jade Mitchell, Michigan Sate University; Julie Libarkin, Michigan State University; Alexis Layman Mraz, The Ohio State University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

the QMRA Wiki was within the joint USEPA1 and DHS2 center of excellence –Center for Advancing Microbial Risk Assessment (CAMRA). The CAMRA QMRA Wiki wasdeveloped as a central database for the CAMRA center but then began to develop itself as aneducational tool. This CAMRA QMRA Wiki facilitated two main aims of the center: 1.) tosupport the research mission and collaboration of the core projects that comprises the CAMRAcenter and 2.) support the CAMRA Summer Institutes, a set of short summer courses outlined toallow for the training of future QMRA modelers and experts.The QMRA Wiki was first developed as a standard MySQL database the implementation ofwhich was managed using MediaWiki (http://www.mediawiki.org/). The overall value of theQMRA

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula II

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Angela Bielefeldt, University of Colorado at Boulder

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

UNESCO U.S. Hazardous Waste U.S. Solid WasteReadings reader = journal 80% text; 20% 90% text; 10% articles, chapters, etc supplemental supplemental (EPA)Lectures, hrs 45 33 ~30Homeworks 5 (exercises; largely 6 8 in class)Team Projects 1 2 0Tours 3 0 ~4Exams 1 2 2Changes in U.S. Hazardous

Conference Session

Innovations to Curriculum and Program

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kurt Paterson, Michigan Technological University; Michelle Jarvie, Michigan Technological University

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

and whether or why it may or may not be likable,while the male students were more concerned with how much the field paid andthe likelihood of employment in comparison to other disciplines.The current diversity challenge to the field of environmental engineering is inattracting minorities to the discipline. It is recommended that recruitment effortsfor minority females provide adequate descriptions of the typical job tasks of anenvironmental engineer, including testimony from women practicing in the fieldregarding what they like about their jobs. Recruitment efforts targeting minoritymales should include information about salary ranges and projected nationalneeds for environmental engineers, in addition to describing the field.References1

Conference Session

Sustainability in Engineering Courses

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joseph Delfino, University of Florida

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

AC 2009-2438: INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY AND SUSTAINABILITY:DECIPHERING CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIESJoseph Delfino, University of Florida Joseph J. Delfino is Professor of Environmental Engineering Sciences at the University of Florida where he has been on the faculty for 27 years. During that period, he served for 11 years as Department Chairman. He has supervised the theses and projects of 80 PhD and masters students and is the author/co-author of 100 papers in scientific journals. He currently serves as an Associate Editor of the Journal of the American Water Resources Association. Prior to joining the faculty at Florida, he was a tenured Full Professor at the University of Wisconsin-Madison

Conference Session

Sustainability in Engineering Curricula

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Cliff Davidson, Carnegie Mellon University; Chris Hendrickson, Carnegie Mellon University; Scott Matthews, Carnegie Mellon University; Michael Bridges, Carnegie Mellon University; David Allen, University of Texas, Austin; Cynthia Murphy, University of Texas, Austin; Braden Allenby, Arizona State University; Yongsheng Chen, Arizona State University; Eric Williams, Arizona State University; John Crittenden, Georgia Tech; Sharon Austin, EPA

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Library are subjected to peer review, much the same as articles submitted to researchjournals. The submissions can include class handouts, lecture notes, homework assignments,projects, educational software, and other types of educational materials.The Electronic Library has only recently been established. To date there are thirty modulesposted, with many more out for review. This repository is part of the Engineering Pathwaywebsite of the University of California at Berkeley. All of the modules can be accessed throughthe CSE website at http://www.cse.org, or through the Engineering Pathway website athttp://www.engineeringpathway.com by selecting Advanced Search followed by HigherEducation Search, and choosing the Center for Sustainable

Conference Session

Innovative Approaches to Improving Student Learning

Collection

2020 ASEE Virtual Annual Conference Content Access

Authors

Matthew James Scarborough, University of Vermont; Katherine D. McMahon, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

iron and steel production,cement manufacture, pulp and paper manufacture, food processing, brewing and chemicalproduction [11].The question we aimed to address in this study was “will civil engineering students’ attitudestowards chemistry and abilities to apply chemistry improve after analyzing a high-profile casestudy related to environmental problems?” Our hypothesis was that student chemistryperformance and self-reported attitudes about chemistry in an introductory environmentalengineering course are improved by a thorough analysis of a high-profile and compelling casestudy, in this case the Flint Water Crisis.ApproachPast learning outcomes and activities. This project aims to address cognitive and affectivechallenges associated with

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Pedagogy and Innovation

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brenda Read-Daily, Elizabethtown College

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Wastewater Hydraulics Resources Institution Arizona State Solid Waste, Environmental Systems University CE X X Project Polytechnic Calvin College CE/ENV X X Environmental Engineering Design Dartmouth

Conference Session

Techniques to Enhance Environmental Engineering Courses

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Philip J. Parker, University of Wisconsin, Platteville

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

screencasts to present example problems. Screencasts arerecordings of computer screen activity with supporting audio narrative. I have created severalscreencasts using a PC, microphone, and Camtasia software. I have used this software to createa series of screencasts for my Introduction to Environmental Engineering course. Students candownload and view the screencasts outside of class whenever they wish and wherever they haveinternet access.BackgroundScreencasts are recordings of on-screen activity and associated voice instructions. They havemost commonly been used as tutorials to teach computer software1 as they record mousemovements and clicks. For this project, I used Camtasia software and a headset withmicrophone.The screencasts were created in

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Curricula

Collection

2006 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kevin Bower, The Citadel; Kenneth Brannan, The Citadel; William Davis, The Citadel

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Page 11.1119.2statement and to provide guidance for engineering programs regarding what should betaught and learned, how it should be taught and learned, and who should teach and learnit [2].The ASCE-BOK promulgates a wide variety of academic ideas and philosophies, two ofwhich are most directly addressed within the context of this paper. The committeesuggests that in addition to eleven program outcomes identified via ABET Criteria 3 a-k,four additional outcomes should be addressed through the instructional process including:specialized areas of civil engineering; project management, construction, and assetmanagement; business and public policy; and leadership. Table 1 includes a list of all 15program outcome criteria identifying both ABET and

Conference Session

Environmental Engineering Division Technical Session 1

Collection

2019 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Kyle R. Murray, United States Military Academy; Benjamin Michael Wallen P.E., United States Military Academy; Luke Plante, United States Military Academy; Kimberly Quell, United States Military Academy; Michael A. Butkus, United States Military Academy

Tagged Divisions

Environmental Engineering

Program Criteria arediscussed in detail.KeywordsEnvironmental engineering education, engineering education, experiential learning, laboratoryexperience, beer brewing, fermentationIntroductionEnvironmental engineering requires individuals who can adapt, innovate, and create new,exciting solutions to help solve complex problems throughout our natural environment. Powerfullearning experiences exist when students have an opportunity to learn by application, while alsohaving fun by creating excitement around the subject material. Indeed, that is why most curriculainclude other experiences beyond the classroom such as laboratories, field trips, seminars, designprojects and modeling projects [1, 2]. An esteemed scientist and statesman said it best