, (1)where T (N) is propeller thrust, ρ (kg/m³) is air density, n (rev/s) is rotational speed of thepropeller, and d (m) is propeller diameter.Similarly, the torque coefficient [10] can be defined as 𝜏 𝐶𝜏 = 𝜌𝑛2 𝑑5 , (2)where 𝜏 (Nm) is propeller torque. The advance ratio [10] is defined as 𝑉 𝐽 = 𝑛𝑑 , (3)where V is the axial flow velocity. The propeller mechanical efficiency [11] is defined as 𝑉 T 𝐽 𝐶 𝜂 = 2𝜋𝑛 = 2𝜋 𝐶𝑇 , (4
, we tested our prototype in water. Twodifferent environments were utilized to test the fish including a tub filled with water (Figure 5)and a pond (Figure 6). In the small tub, a pencil was drilled through the head of the fish tostabilize the head and only allow movement to the body and tail. Once the stationary actuationwas validated, the fish was placed into a pond to test its movement. Testing the soft robotic fishin a pond helped gain information on how fast and how far the fish swam, and whether or not thefish could stay afloat. After testing, it was found that the fish swam at a speed of approximately0.09 m/s. Using syringes to control hydraulic actuation led to slowing down the fish’s movementand making it difficult for the fish’s tail
to constrain, modify, and emphasizespecific aspects of the project. Ultimately, this project presents a unique way to introduceengineering concepts in an engaging way with the potential to get students excited about theemerging field of soft robotics.AcknowledgmentsThis material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation underGrant No. 2235647. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed inthis material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the NationalScience Foundation. The authors would like to thank Jason Merrill for designing andmanufacturing the 3D parts for the negative mold and the test rigs. The authors would also like tothank Matthew Mastej for
results,” World Transactions on Engineering andTechnology Education, Vol. 15, no. 1, pp. 12-18, January 2017.[2] N. Holstermann, D. Grube, and S. Bögeholz, “Hands-on Activities and Their Influence onStudents’ Interest” Research in Science Education, Vol. 40, pp. 743–757, November 2009,https://doi.org/10.1007/s11165-009-9142-0.[3] A. Hofstein and V.N. Lunetta (2004), “The laboratory in science education: Foundations forthe twenty-first century,” Research in Science Education, Vol. 88, pp. 28-54, December 2003,https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.10106.[4] L. Carlson,and J.F. Sullivan, “Hands-on Engineering: Learning by Doing in the IntegratedTeaching and Learning Program,” International Journal of Engineering Education, Vol 15 No.1,pp. 20-31, 1999.[5
−7and 𝑏 = 0.7355, and T (K) is the temperature of theair. The density of air is given by the ideal gas law expressed as 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚 = 𝑅𝑇 (2)where 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚 is the atmospheric pressure and R = 287 J/(kg K) is the gas constant. The Reynoldsnumber is defined as 𝑈𝐷 𝑅𝑒 = (3) 𝜇where U (m/s) is the average velocity and D = 0.04445 (m) is the inner diameter of the pipe. Thepressure coefficient can be expressed as 𝑝 𝐾=1
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foundational skills identified by studies in the field. The feedback from both theworkforce and graduating students highlights the demand for hands-on experiences that directlyapply classroom knowledge to real-life design challenges.By systematically guiding students through open-ended experiments, the presented methodologyaims to bridge the gap between theoretical concepts and practical application. This work-in-progress reflects our commitment to continually advancing engineering education, ensuring thatstudents are equipped with the multifaceted skills demanded by the contemporary job market.References[1] B. Yu, L.-A. DiCecco, A. Lucentini, G. Tembrevilla, S. Earle, and M. Arshad, “Making Learning Fun: Implementing a Gamified Approach to
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, the simplicity of the project naturally yields the project to be used in awide variety of learning environments and student learners. When implementation does occur, the generatedresults would need to be studied and further modifications would be made to the teaching approach.Eventually, the module and learning materials along with the project will be made highly accessible toeducators through a centralized soft robotic teaching website being developed at Rowan University.AcknowledgementsThis material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No.2235647. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, and recommendations expressed in this material are thoseof the authors(s) and do not necessarily reflect the