AC 2009-918: TEACHING ENGINEERING IN SINGLE-GENDERMIDDLE-SCHOOL CLASSROOMSJoy Watson, University of South CarolinaJed Lyons, University of South Carolina Page 14.1134.1© American Society for Engineering Education, 2009 Teaching Engineering in Single Gender Middle School Classrooms AbstractStudents in middle school are often given pre-planned laboratory experiments which providelittle or no opportunity to develop creativity or problem solving skills. This paper describes aninvestigation of middle school students’ reactions to an open-ended engineering design problem,specifically to create a machine to move a Cheerio™ or a plastic egg seventy centimeters. If theproblem was solved
’ interestsand historical trends were analyzed in reference to specific career aspirations and collegemajors. Every student taking the ACT during those years was included in the currentstudy. (estimate current number). Demographic information includes gender, ethnicity,religious background, socio-economic status and geographic location were all part of theavailable data source. ACT scores, as well as expressed interests and generaldemographic information were compiled. Expressed interest in academic major andfuture career were assessed on the ACT registration profile using two items (e.g., whichcollege major [program of study] do you plan to enter and what career aspiration do youhave). Students were presented with over 300 choices that included 25
Healthcurriculum.To date, 28 ENGR 102 HSteachers have receivedtraining on some or all four ofthe GC DELI hybrid units.Ten of those 28 ENGR 102HS teachers have used all orsome portions of the GCDELI hybrid units with theirstudents over the two years the program has been Figure 2. Teachers at the 2013 ENGR implemented and a total of 21 102 HS summer workshop design and build a biomechanical hand prototype teachers have plans for using straws, string, duct tape, and implementation during the rubber gloves. This activity is part of the added material for the GC DELI AY 2014-15. Engineering Better Human Health
ROV activity andassociated curriculum, however, was implemented at a smaller level though localteachers and after-school group leaders. The program consisted of three primary phases:(1) teacher training, (2) teachers returning and teaching their students, and (3) end of yearROV competition. The teachers were trained at the beginning of the year in what an ROVwas, how to build one (i.e., solder circuit boards, wire and water proof motors, etc.). Theywere also taught the engineering design process (EDP), and provided lesson plan materialfor the EDP, circuitry, buoyancy, ballasts, and water pressure and density. Teachers werethen asked to take the material and teach it however they wanted, while having thestudents build their ROVs (the
year of the project, twenty STEMintegration units were developed and implemented by the project teachers. Each unit focused onone of the three science concepts (i.e. ecosystems, plate tectonics and erosion, and heat transferand particle theory), integrated data analysis and measurement for mathematics, included anengineering design challenge, and allowed students to develop technologies through completingthe engineering challenge or use technologies to solve the engineering challenge. Among those20 units, seven focused on life science (ecosystems), seven addressed earth science topics (platetectonics or erosion), and six focused on physical science (heat transfer or particle theory). Eachunit included 5-10 lesson plans. Table 1 shows an
the university recreation center, yoga classes, nature walks, journal reflections, laughter,meditation, and art classes and field trips.Assessment and ImpactAssessment of the workshop is carried out via surveys during and after the duration of theworkshop. Select visits are made to schools to watch teachers integrate and deliver the materialprovided to them during the ECT workshop. Teachers are invited to a fall and spring follow upmeeting to discuss the impact of the workshop and the ease or difficulty in delivering theengineering clinic modules. This assessment provides key information in planning activities forfuture years. Successful teachers are invited back to participate as mentors in the next session.Summer 2006 ECT WorkshopA total of
physics can be studied using hot airballoons; NASA even has plans to use balloons on future missions to Mars5! This module useshot air balloons as a ‘real-world’ application to teach studentsabout the engineering design process and basic engineeringprinciples by relating them to successful balloon flight. Thetutorial section of the module introduces students to principlessuch as force balances, buoyant forces, heat transfer, the IdealGas Law and material properties through interactiveanimations that are applied directly to hot air balloon flight.The simulation that follows allows the students to adjustparameters including payload, construction material,temperature, and balloon shape one-by-one to see how eachaffects the success of the
-rounded impression of the different aspects of life in an engineering curriculum.As with any research, success is not a foregone conclusion. Some students elect to not continuethe experience for another term or find their interests lie in another field. The logistics ofrunning a laboratory and the unpredictability of research introduce challenges when directinghigh school students with limited availability for work on campus. However, by providing clearguidance during the programmed activities, the experience can be optimized for studentparticipants. We plan more directed activities with somewhat more predictable outcomes forfuture students participating in our research.Objectives and OutcomesThe following objectives are desired for the student
towards the study and education of pre-college and collegeengineering. In a small population study taken during the second year of the program’simplementation, 65% of all students who completed the Infinity Project pre-collegecurriculum plan to pursue engineering in college. Only about 2% of all students whograduate from high school are interested in pursuing such degrees1. Teachers whocomplete a one-week-long training seminar designed to prepare them for teaching theyear-long course have also given positive comments towards the program – some of thesecomments include “Best training I have ever seen” and “My state needs this curriculumnow.” Additional details regarding the structure and outcomes of the Infinity Project canbe found in several
compare differences betweentwo groups and can only examine effects of one independent variable on one dependent variable.It also only indicates whether there is a significant difference between the two groups, with noindication as to where those differences lie. Since there are more multiple independent variablesand dependent variables in this intervention, further analyses are planned. The Analysis ofVariance (ANOVA) can test hypotheses that the t-test cannot. Page 23.731.8INCORPORATING ENGINEERING IN MIDDLE SCHOOL SCIENCE 8 Next, a Two-Factor Randomized-Block ANOVA will be run to
has been studied that there aretwo main reasons hindering the enrollment of CPEG program. The first one is the difficulty ofthe courses in the degree plan since it picks core courses from the two programs—electricalengineering and computer science. The second reason is there are not so many people notice theexistence of the program. In order to introduce CPEG to more and more youngsters, faculty fromPVAMU used this opportunity to show the middle school students how a typical computerengineering project can solve science and engineering problems.Project ImplementationTo implement this weather balloon project, both university professors and middle schoolteachers had a thorough discussion to choose the proper equipment and software
learned that team work and group work is vital. (F,3) Problem Solving I think they learned some problem solving skills. (C,4) To talk about what they’re learning, you know, to write it down and just plan things out and think about it. (D,4) Other They’ve learned simple machines. (B,3) They learned what the engineering process is. (F,3) Types of Engineers That it could be different processes, like with chemical engineers...and manufacturing, you know designing different ways to make things. (A,2) I think they learned what engineers do and that there's lots of
with seven high school andnine middle school students. The positive response from our user studies for using Google Mapsand real-world traffic problems as the motivational tools to learn STEM concepts, strengthencomputational thinking, and reinforce previously learned STEM concepts has given usconfidence to take our framework to the next level. We plan to develop an academic curricularunit to be used at two local schools. A long-term goal calls for supporting domains beyond justtransportation for STEM education, and we believe pluggable component architecture enablesour modeling framework to interact with other domains as well. In the future, a compatiblecomponent from other domains could be plugged into our modeling framework to teach
importance of teaching engineering prior to reaching college 18,there is currently a lack of literature documenting what this experience should look like.Sneider 8 lays out an intriguing plan for sequencing age-appropriate engineering designchallenges starting in the fourth grade. By using the science framework, he addresses thesequencing quandary by using standards-based instruction as guiding principles for anengineering design framework. However, he correctly notes that the sequence specified is notbased on research. As we look to develop and select age-appropriate engineering designchallenges, researchers and engineering educators will need to work hand-in-hand to developstandards that are age-appropriate for all skill levels of learners. In the
in hands-on projects andworking with computers. Unfortunately, it took several weeks to obtain supplies so that studentscould start physically building the robot or working with a computer. Many of the students leftduring this initial period, some of whom probably left due to this lack of supplies. Students whofelt confident in their leadership skills, however, tended to stick through this period. They mayhave felt their managing and organizing skills were still useful as we made plans for the team,even though we did not have the parts yet.Students who have a strong desire to help their community also tended to leave the club. At thisparticular school, almost all after-school clubs meet on Tuesday and Thursday, conflicting withthe robotics
the researchers after schoolor on holidays. They were directed to a room with an open floor plan where tables and chairswere scattered throughout and a few cubicles lined the opposing walls. The exterior wall was aset of windows that overlooked what was normally a busy pathway. It was along these windowswhere the “design studio” was setup. A computer lay on top of a table with a few chairssurrounding it. After brief introductions, the student designers were informed of the researchadministration. They were made aware of a webcam placed near the desktop computer to capturevideo and audio. A small digital audio recorder was placed next to the desktop for redundancy.The desktop had Internet access, computer aided drafting software
than 60 technical papers published in refereed international journals and conference proceedings. He is a Senior Member of the Society for Manufacturing Engineering and a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He is also a member of the American Society for Engineering Education and a member of the American Educational Research Association.Ms. Karen Nielson, Utah State University Karen Nielson is a junior studying mechanical engineering at Utah State University, emphasizing in aerospace engineering. She will go on to graduate school after graduating with her bachelor’s of sci- ence in May 2013. Nielson plans on earning her Ph.D. and then pursuing a career as a professor. It is her dream to research
activities. Parents are also encouraged to help with the camp.Children of the helping parents are given a discount in registration fee for helping with theactivities.Camp ActivitiesThe camp preparation starts in the fall of the previous year. Parents start planning their and theirchildren’s vacations around the summer camps and other activities. They start seekinginformation about the camp months ahead of time. A simple approach for getting the informationacross is to put it all on a website. The SPSU Aerospace Engineering Camp information isavailable on its corresponding website1. The website is regularly monitored and updated. Thecamp is one week long. It runs from 9am to 4:30pm during the work week. Each day is brokendown into several activities
and activities were aligned with theproposed learning goals, the activities were realistic for the target student group (sixth graders),and the math and engineering were integrated at a high quality. Pre-post content assessmentswere developed to assess student learning, using questions from validated standardized stateassessments as well as affective and engagement measures. : An island named Willingdon has just been human made. The president of the island is searching for young, creative, and intelligent engineers who can build a city in Willingdon. Your challenge is to design an original model of a skyscraper building that will be placed in the new city. The president will need to see your plans
thisunderstanding implies that they have developed a realistic image of engineering and technology.We need to be explicit about what we mean by engineering and technology. Engineering is aboutcreating the human-made world, the artifacts and processes that never existed before. This is incontrast to science, the study of the natural world. Most often engineers do not literally constructthe artifacts; instead they provide plans and directions for how the artifacts are to be constructed.Both small artifacts (like a hand calculator) and large ones (like a bridge) are part of the realm ofengineering. Engineers also design processes. The processes may be those used to createchemicals and drugs, to direct how components are put together on an assembly line, or to
hours of intensive PD during the two week summer institute followed bymonthly classroom support visits (coaching, modeling, curriculum alignment, and planning), andthree full-day workshops during the 2008-2009 school year. A treatment group of 737 studentsreceived instructions from teachers who were in the program. In September 2008, a comparisongroup of 35 teachers with 684 students was selected and matched against the treatment groupbased on schools’ geographic location, demographics, grade level, and subjects taught by theteacher.Our research questions for the second year of the program were: (1) Does the professionaldevelopment enhance the teachers’ content knowledge in targeted science and engineeringtopics? (2) Does the PD result in
identified as relevant to the subjects taughtby the teachers: (i) sensors, (ii) data analysis, and (iii) design constraints. These elements werefound to be translatable to relevant educational activities that teachers would be able toimplement in their classrooms. During the weekly curriculum discussions, teachers discussedtheir research experiences and shared ideas for their learning activities with other programparticipants and the program management team. Throughout the lesson plan developmentsessions, inputs from teachers, engineering and education faculty were instrumental informulating the engineering-based learning activities.To serve as a motivation for students’ learning, each activity is expected to have an engineeringconnection that shows
you Page 24.255.2know something or being aware of your thoughts. Metacognitive regulation also known asmetacognitive strategies are processes a person carries out to ensure a cognitive goal bycontrolling cognitive activities7. Other authors have also defined metacognition similar toFlavell. Swanson8 defines metacognition as individuals’ awareness of their ability to monitor,regulate and control their own activities concerning learning. Metacognition generally meanshigher level thinking about how a learning task will be handled, and making plans onprocesses of observing and evaluating comprehension9. This was the one of the importantaspect of the
education concepts allows elementary teachers to incorporate engineering intotheir lesson plans without taking away from the time needed to cover mandated learningoutcomes. In addition to cross-disciplinary concept combinations, the projects were alsodesigned to incorporate engineering graduate attributes, as outlined by the Canadian EngineeringAccreditation Board. Including attributes such as professionalism, critical thinking, andteamwork skills allows students to experience the foundational attributes of the engineeringprofession, and helps to develop their understanding of how engineers contribute to society.Implementation and Results The project series was implemented across several local schools, involving over 350grade five students
independent completion of thebuilding and engineering components. These units provided students with the opportunity to beexposed to scientists and engineers in action and to recognize science and engineering as fun andrewarding. Below is a short description of each of the eight themes explored during the summerof 2013. Complete lesson plans are available upon request from the first author of this paper. Page 24.726.4 1. Water Purification (One Day of Instruction) a. Soil Filter Activity: Students poured water that had been ‘polluted’ with Cool- Aid, glitter and plastic bugs through a soil filter of sand, gravel and top soil. The
. Culler, D.E., The Turning Assistant: Automated Planning for Numerical Control Lathe Operations, Ph.D. Dissertation, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, December, 1994.2. D. T. Ross: Structured Analysis (SA): A Language for Communicating Ideas. IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering, SE-3(1), pp. 16-34.3. Engineering Workforce Commission, Engineering & Technology Enrollments: Fall 2007 (Washington, DC, 2008). Viewed at http://ewc-online.org/data/enrollments_data.asp, on Jan. 12, 2011.4. Feldmann, Clarence G., The Practical Guide to Business Process Reengineering Using IDEF0, Dorset House Publishing, New York, 1998.5. Knowledge Based Systems, Inc., http://www.idef.com/, accessed on Feb. 15, 2011.6
Page 22.1117.11The teacher of the class also completed a survey that indicated she had positive feelingsregarding the module. She commented, “I love that students determined acceleration due togravity instead of just giving them another number to memorize – great way to derive the value!”Planned changes to the module include providing more guidance / training for the teachers in theuse of digital cameras to collect video.ConclusionsMost low cost, digital cameras on the market today allow for the collection of video and havesufficient capability to capture accurate position versus time data. Coupling these widelyavailable and easy-to-use cameras with free video editing software provides a method of dataacquisition that has a very low entry
career choices.2 Theintegration of mathematics, science, and engineering is central to high school reform efforts thatstrive to prepare students for both college and career opportunities in engineering.17 This processcan be immediately applied following a science experiment without need to acquire lesson plans,expensive equipment or supporting materials. This paper discusses the development andimplementation of a scientific and engineering classroom activity and assesses the effectivenessof the activity by presenting response data collected from the participants.MethodologyIn this study engineering design is used in two high school science courses as a problem solvingtool that parallels the scientific method. A standard chemistry/physical
understanding of the 0.56 technical world16. My motivation for teaching science is to educate scientists, engineers and 0.56 technologists for industry17. In a science curriculum, it is important to include planning of a project 0.4718. How important should pre-service education be for teaching DET? 0.3819. DET has positive consequences for society 0.50Factor 2: Familiarity with DET20. How familiar are you with DET? 0.6621. Have you had any specific DET courses outside of your pre-service curriculum? 0.4822. How confident do you
NXT Kits. The students present theirprojects the last day of the program. They share their results with the other students.Additional benefits of the group projects included improving team working skills andpublic speaking ability. Page 25.358.62. Career ComponentThe program manager, Dr. Barbara Christie, plans a Career Day during SECOP. Theguest speakers work for engineering -based organizations and all are African Americanand Latino leaders in mechanical, civil and electrical engineering fields. Several fieldtrips to different science and engineering-based companies exposed students to differentcareer opportunities. In the past several years the