Conference Session

K-12 Teachers: PD, Implementation, and Beyond

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Emily Dringenberg, Purdue University; Ruth E. H. Wertz, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

sections focusing onthe engineering design process, engineering content, gender differences, science content,reflective and active learning, students’ level of frustration, and the amount of direct supportfrom the teacher (see Table 2) for sample items.Table 2. Sample Items from SEcLO (Pilot Version)Category Sample Items1) Engineering design a) Students identified a problemprocess b) Students shared and developed a plan c) Students created and tested their chosen design d) Students communicated results of their design and testing e) Students improved their design f) Students retested their design2

Conference Session

Middle School Engineering Programs, Curriculum, and Evaluation

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Johnny Thieken, Arizona State University; Tirupalavanam G. Ganesh, Arizona State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

5481 4 31.16 1.119Have a positive effect on people’s lives 5493 4 30.53 1.120Problem solvers 5489 4 35.09 1.096Must be smart to get into the field 5482 4 31.83 1.138Builds, constructs, and makes things 5456 5 38.09 1.132Designs, draws, and plans things 5464 5 34.28 1.146Good at math and science 5470 5 35.92 1.141Hard working 5495 5 45.17 0.989As we examined words and phrases that describe engineers and engineering, we begin to see aclear distinction between

Conference Session

Gender and Minority Issues in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Barbara Christie, Loyola Marymount University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

school. Students work together in a team with the support ofengineering and science student mentors to design and produce a project. During thesummer of 2009, each student was assigned to a group project and had to design andbuild a robot using LEGOS MINDSTORMS NXT Kits. The students present theirprojects the last day of the program. They share their results with the other students.Additional benefits of the group projects included improving team working skills andpublic speaking ability.2. Career ComponentThe program manager, Dr. Barbara Christie, plans a Career Day during SECOP. Theguest speakers work for engineering -based organizations and all are African Americanand Latino leaders in mechanical, civil and electrical engineering fields

Conference Session

Making Elementary Engineering Work: Lessons from Partnerships and Practice

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Elizabeth A. Parry, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

process of Ask-Imagine-Plan-Create-Improve), effectively working in teams, and keeping STEM notebooks. EiE units are correlatedto the all but one of the science curriculum goals for grades 2-5. The exception is Food andNutrition in fourth grade. Supplementary materials, including lessons and activities fromTeachengineering.com are used in this unit. The complete correlation is outlined in Appendix 1.By providing teachers with application based engineering curricula that reinforce the scienceconcepts, EiE helps not only students but teachers better understand both the how and the why ofscience. For example topics in Physics, such as electromagnetism or electric circuits, require acomfort with concepts that are difficult to touch or manipulate. But

Conference Session

Descriptions of Outreach Programs

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Rayshun J. Dorsey, WizKidz Science and Technology Centers, Inc.; Ayanna M. Howard, Georgia Institute of Technology

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

through the usageof a real live Space Shuttle Launch Control Center Simulator.Classes were instructed by a retired NASA engineer as studentswere exposed to the same Orbital Simulations used in NASAastronaut training. Students were engaged in simulations thatinvolved working as a team and solving real-world astronaut problems. Students worked inteams to complete payload retrieval missions operating a simulationof the shuttle robotic arm. Aviation classes consisted ofprofessional pilot instructors using Microsoft simulatorX and aDreamFlyer flight simulator that included activities such as how toread flight charts and maps, flight planning, airplane inspection,landing procedures, airplane safety, mission completion and more.Each module ended

Conference Session

Engaging Families and Exciting Girls with Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Ming-Chien Hsu, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E. Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Senay Purzer, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

. Page 22.1139.1 c American Society for Engineering Education, 2011 Parents’ Perceptions of and Familiarity with EngineeringIntroductionThere is a growing concern in the engineering community that the interest among youngpeople in engineering is declining. There is a need to strategically plan how a strongerengineering workforce in the United States can be accomplished 1. While some efforts hadbeen made in improving undergraduate education and recruitment, other efforts, like thisstudy, focus on K-12 education and how we can improve students’ understanding ofengineering at early ages. Furthermore, recent studies have provided evidence that learningengineering content, especially engineering design, can

Conference Session

Broadening Participation of Minority Students in and with K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Caridad Cruz, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Rocio C. Chavela Guerra, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Aurelio Lopez-Malo, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla; Enrique Palou, Universidad de las Americas, Puebla

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

subterráneos [The engineer] is analyzing the underground estudiando el nivel de presión y las distintas plans to study the pressure level and the different rocas formadas por magma. rocks formed by magma.F. El ingeniero de mi dibujo está checando que The [male] engineer in my drawing is checking los cimientos de la construcción estén the foundation of the building is correct. correctos.G. Está corroborando que los materiales sean [The engineer] is confirming that the materials adecuados. are appropriate.H. La ingeniera está resolviendo unos problemas. The [female] engineer is solving problems. The La

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the Box! Innovative Curriculum Exchange for K12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Gail Ellen Gerdemann, Oregon State University; Willie (Skip) E. Rochefort, Oregon State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

role of oobleck or quicksand as a story "character."Challenge students to write a story starring oobleck. The story students write will essentially bean engineering design adventure: the characters have a problem to solve, they learn somethingabout the materials and use that knowledge to come up with a solution, and they try out theiridea, perhaps have a couple of false starts, and finally succeed, and in the end communicate theirsuccess.For example a student's story might be about a king who surrounds his castle with a moat ofoobleck and the problem is how to get across. Various characters in the story can do scienceexperiments to study the properties of oobleck and come up with a plan to cross….some of theideas work and some don't with

Conference Session

Thinking Outside the Box! Innovative Curriculum Exchange for K12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Nancy Healy, Georgia Institute of Technology; Joyce Palmer Allen, National Nanotechnology Infrastructure Network

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Educational Coordinator for the National Nanotechnology Infrastruc- ture Network (NNIN) and works at the Nanotechnology Research Center at Georgia Institute of Tech- nology. Her job includes planning, developing and implementing educational outreach programs in nan- otechnology and representing the NNIN Education and Outreach office at local and national conferences and meetings. She also helps to oversee programs such as the NNIN Research Experience for Teachers and Research Experience for Undergrads at Georgia Tech. Before joining NNIN and Georgia Tech, Joyce was a National Board Certified Teacher who taught science in grades 9-12 for thirty years. During her years of teaching she served on many local and state

Conference Session

Broadening Participation of Minority Students in and with K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Catherine A Broom, University of British Columbia, Okanagan; Wendy Lynn Klassen, University of British Columbia, Okanagan ; Carolyn Labun, Ph.D., University of British Columbia

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

. Page 22.685.84 Only two females participated in interviews at school B. The answers of the girls interviewed on the question as towhether engineers were both females and males and those of some of their classmates were different.ConclusionThis study explored how students’ stereotypes towards STEM fields, and engineering inparticular, can be exploded through experiential activities embedded in collaboration and care.Its findings are of significance to classroom teachers and to scholars interested in exploring howstereotypes can be broken through effective pedagogy. It found that: (1) stereotypical attitudesexist in students at this young age and (2) these views can be altered through a planned activity.These findings illustrate that pedagogy

Conference Session

Assessment of K-12 Engineering Programs & Issues

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Marcelo Caplan, Columbia College

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

of requiring the students to plan, organize and execute complex tasks5.In the same line of thought, a set of different kinds of learning and assessment strategies havebeen developed. These strategies are based in the incorporation of authentic tasks; the connectionbetween theoretical learning in the classroom and the application of the acquired knowledge inthe work environment; in the assessments.These strategies include: project-based learning, the case method, problem-based learning,cognitive apprenticeship, situated learning, constructive learning environments, collaborativeproblem solving, goal-based scenarios, and model elicit activities between others 6,7 .From these strategies many forms of alternative assessment were developed and

Conference Session

Curriculum Development

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Susan E. Powers, Clarkson University; Jan DeWaters, Clarkson University; Suresh Dhaniyala, Clarkson University; Mary Margaret Monica Small, Clarkson University Office of Educational Partnerships

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

electricity is generated from coal. However, because NYS asa whole ranks very high in electricity consumption, there is still a concern and still a significantneed to reduce electricity related GHGs.AssessmentThe assessment plan for this project focused primarily on evaluating the effectiveness of the newinstructional modules by measuring changes in targeted content and personal competencies andattitudes related to global climate change among participating students. We also evaluatedsimilar changes among teachers who participated in the two summer institutes. Both groups wereassessed using quantitative Climate Literacy content and attitude competence surveys that wereadministered pre- and post-course (for students) or workshop (for teachers

Conference Session

...by Design

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jennifer Mangold, University of California, Berkeley; Stefanie Robinson, University of California, Berkeley

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

should be part of the initial conversation to consider the life cycle impact ofproducts or processes that are being developed.The module developed not only introduced the students to engineering, but also allowed them toapply the principles of engineering to their everyday lives as well as assist in teaching thestandards required by the state. One of the biggest benefits the teachers identified was that theframework could be adapted to any project that was already part of their curriculum andprovided the students with lifelong problem-solving skills and strategies. The teachers expressedenthusiasm about how easily they could integrate the EDP into their already existing curriculumand adapt their lessons plans to fit the form of the EDP. The

Conference Session

Engineering Professional Development for K12 Teachers

Collection

2008 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Brant Miller, University Of Minnesota; Tamara Moore, University Of Minnesota

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Impression (FI) - expressions of amazement, excitement, and impression over facilities and instrumentation found within SDSM&T and the greater Black Hills region. • Ownership (O) - expression of the research being a topic of expertise. A tone of authority and investment. • Understanding Research (UR) - a new or different understanding of the enterprise of research, i.e. logistics, reality, lack of glamour, etc. • Collaboration (C) - expression of future desires or plans of working with or utilizing university or research personnel. • Content Increase (CI) - expressions of increased content knowledge for the betterment of lesson delivery. • Procedural to Conceptual understanding (P-C

Conference Session

Assessment of K-12 Engineering Programs and Issues

Collection

2009 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Doug Kueker, Vivayvic; Pam Newberry, Project Lead the Way

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

tasks. To bringdata to bear on this particular claim the evaluator chose to employ nationally recognized standardframeworks for both mathematics and science to guide the isolation and identification ofmathematics and science content in the Introduction to Engineering Design™ course.Mathematics concepts are defined by Principles and Standards for School Mathematics aspublished by the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics20 (NCTM). Science concepts aredefined by National Science Education Standards as published by the National ResearchCouncil21 (NRC).Defining the Units Included in the AnalysisThe performance and assessment objectives, as stated in the course lesson plans, were selected asthe primary unit for the analysis. In Project Lead

Conference Session

Fundamental: Home, Parents, and Other Out-of-School Issues Related to K-12 and Pre-college Engineering Education

Collection

2015 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Tamecia R. Jones, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Monica E Cardella, Purdue University, West Lafayette; Christine Andrews Paulsen, Concord Evaluation Group; Marisa Wolsky, WGBH Educational Foundation

Tagged Topics

Diversity

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

do you imagine people with these jobs do on a day-to-day basis?7. Future plans Even though graduation is pretty far away, I’d like to get a sense of your future plans. What do you want to be when you grow up? Page 26.961.17 How did you choose (xxx)? Have you considered other areas/subjects?How would you become a (career choice)?What would you say it takes to be a good (insert student’s career choice)?How are you at (insert characteristics student mentions)?Are there any fields/careers you just don’t want to go into? Why?Who talks with you about career choices (parent, relative, teachers, etc.)?(If applicable

Conference Session

Computational/CS Initiatives

Collection

2013 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

A. Dean Fontenot, Texas Tech University; Richard A Burgess, Texas Tech University; Vinitha Hannah Subburaj M.S; Debra J Nash, Texas Tech University T-STEM Center

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

, andbecause high school Computer Science programs are on a decline, a significant time wasspent to help the participants create an action plan to incorporate computational thinking intheir respective school. The K-12 educators need to be exposed to the excitement and power Page 23.812.6of computer science and computational thinking. There were goals established in order toachieve this. The first goal was for the teachers, administrators, and students to understand thediscipline computer science. The second goal was to promote K-12 computing curriculum.The third goal was to encourage the teachers to incorporate the computational thinkingconcepts into

Conference Session

Teacher and Counselor Professional Development

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Stephen O'Brien, The College of New Jersey

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

also associated with low sciencelevels.18 A similar result is expected with the MST majors, except in addition to low levelsof math and science anxiety they should also have low levels of “T&E” anxiety, allowingthem to comfortably execute active, hands-on and technically-rich lesson plans for bothSTEM and non-STEM subjects. Page 15.108.10Table 3 The number of math anxiety measurements for three populations (MST, Math andnon-STEM majors) taken before and after two math classes (MAT105 and MAT202). Group Pre105 Post105 Pre202 Post202 MST 24 22 51 56

Conference Session

Enhancing Recruitment and Retention in Engineering

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Keith Walters; Keisha Walters

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

' basicunderstanding of fluid mechanics principles, and follow-up contact with students regarding theirpost-high school plans. With the exception of the follow-up contact, all other assessments wereanonymous and voluntary with the pre-post evaluations correlated using cartoon names. Each ofthe 12 students elected to participate in the assessment activities.For each major course taught, a standard course evaluation was administered by the MGS staff.The students responded to nine statements about the course and the instructors. Responses werevalued from 1-4, corresponding to “strongly disagree”, “disagree”, “agree”, and “strongly agree”.Example statements included “The instructor seemed well prepared for class”, “The class was

Conference Session

High School Engineering Education

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Amy Prevost, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Mitchell Nathan, University of Wisconsin, Madison; Benjamin Stein, University of Wisconsin; Allen Phelps, University of Wisconsin, Madison

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Conference Session

Women in K-12 Engineeering & Outreach Programs

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Shannon Ciston, University of New Haven; Ellen Worsdall, Northwestern University; Jessica Swenson, Northwestern University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

: “STEP helped me to realize how much I enjoy building rather than theorizing. Buildingis not available in much of the physics department unless students are involved in a fewparticular research labs.” “The chance to do outreach and mentor prospective engineers is not available anywherein my degree program. Also, learning how to teach and create lesson plans, or how to organizeand run a very large event were very valuable skills I've learned.” “Absolutely! I gained tremendous leadership and teaching opportunities from STEP.These were useful for me throughout the rest of my career at the University, and I have no doubtthey'll be useful when I begin my job in management consulting.” “One of the really great things I learned

Conference Session

Diversity in K-12 and Pre-college Engineering Education

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Joel Alejandro Mejia, Utah State University; Amy Wilson-Lopez, Utah State University - College of Education; Christine E. Hailey, Utah State University; Indhira Maria Hasbun, Utah State University; Daniel L. Householder, Utah State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Page 24.634.11been used as their community-based project. For example, they relied on their previousknowledge regarding the work Francisco and Miguel performed at the dairy farm and tried todevelop a plan to decrease the number of bacteria accumulated in the milk tanks at the farm.Through their observations, they identified different problems in the milking process, whichcould have prevented the high levels of bacteria in the milk such as: cleaning the udders with theappropriate method, changing and cleaning tubing when necessary, in-situ testing for mastitis,changing tank filters, proper training of employees, identification of sick cows, maintenance ofthe equipment, and proper temperature and pressure on the tanks to eliminate

Conference Session

Impacts on K-12 Student Identity, Career Choice, and Perceptions of Engineers

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Adriana Anunciatto Depieri, University of Sao Paulo; Roseli de Deus Lopes P.E., Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

will suit him or her for alifetime, many successful people take time to slowly work out what it is that makes them tickand brings them fulfillment.No matter what the career choice is selected, students need to start planning in high school toensure they are prepared to take the correct major later at university. Some specific profiletests may help as a starting point for students to gain a better understanding of their interests,values and goals, alongside discussions with friends, family or professional career counselorsat school or elsewhere. Good career decisions require good information about personal traitsand preferences, and also about the real world and workforce.When considering engineering as a career choice, excelling in mathematics

Conference Session

K-12 and Pre-college Engineering: Educational Policy and Research

Collection

2014 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Mitchell Nathan, University of Wisconsin-Madison; Greg Pearson, National Academy of Engineering

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

provide in-service professional developmentrelated to integrated STEM education61; most of these efforts are connected to existingcurriculum projects.Many of the changes likely to be needed to successfully implement integrated STEM educationwill require additional financial resources. Money, as well as time and planning, will be requiredto help educators acquire content and pedagogical content knowledge in disciplinary areasbeyond their previous education or experience. And funds will be needed to design, pilot test, Page 24.781.10and implement any large-scale assessment.RecommendationsBased on its data gathering and discussion, the committee

Conference Session

Broadening Participation of Minority Students in and with K-12 Engineering

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Zhao Chad Kong; Angie Martiza Bautista-Chavez, Rice University; Andres J Goza, Rice University; Rachel Jackson, Rice University; Kurt Kienast, Rice University; Sam Oke; Juan A Castilleja, The Boeing Company; Brent C Houchens, Rice University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering, Minorities in Engineering

thecantilever project in spring 2011, mentees applied the concepts they learned in the mini-lecturesimmediately to their project designs.Mentees’ intuition and ability to predict the outcome of physical situations (i.e. statics in the2010-2011 implementation) are measured via Intuition Inventories (I.I.). Previous research onDREAM suggested that mentee understanding of pre-engineering concepts is improved by Page 22.814.4coupling hands-on learning with informal teaching of these concepts. Mentors deliver theseteachings in a uniform manner consistently across campuses by following lesson plans such asthose included in Appendix C. Although the informal

Conference Session

Extending a Hand Back: Older Students Inspiring Younger Students

Collection

2011 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Noah Salzman, Purdue University; Johannes Strobel, Purdue University, West Lafayette

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

a senior Manufacturing Systems Engineering course.29Although not measured, the authors mention several benefits for undergraduate studentsparticipating in the program, including the development of project management experience,experience with fabrication and prototyping, and proposal writing. The course also served as ameans of building connections between the university and the high school, and as a means ofrecruiting students for the engineering program at the university. The university also planned todevelop a freshman level introduction to robotics course that would be made available to highschool students through an agreement between the two institutions.In addition to mentoring FIRST Robotics Competition teams at local high schools

Conference Session

The Role of Robotics in K-12 Engineering

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Can Saygin, University of Texas, San Antonio; Timothy T. Yuen, University of Texas, San Antonio; Heather J. Shipley, University of Texas, San Antonio; Hung-da Wan, University of Texas, San Antonio; David Akopian, University of Texas, San Antonio

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

teacher workshops, and 1-day and 5-day engineering camps forstudents. Each activity is designed following a 5-step Active Learning Cycle (ALC) model. Theactivities are developed as a sequence with varying depth and technical content using the Lego®MindStorms NXTTM platform.In order to develop an effective educational robotics program, the sequence of activities must bebuilt on creative, accessible, and affordable materials in order to truly engage a child’s interest inSTEM and to build a comfort zone for STEM teachers. Several factors must be taken intoaccount during program development. The factors include teacher time constraints, teachertraining, age-suitable academic materials, ready-to-use lesson plans, and affordable educationalrobotics

Conference Session

Assessment and Evaluation of K-12 Engineering Programs

Collection

2012 ASEE Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Julie Ann Rursch, Iowa State University; Douglas W. Jacobson, Iowa State University; Andy Luse, Iowa State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

year that a chat room was implemented to support the remote setup andconfiguration of student competition networks was for the 2007 CDC. At the writing of thispaper, the authors have five years of chat log files archived which can be examined using contentanalysis. This paper focuses only on the first year in which the authors have data, 2007, and isthe first attempt at using content analysis to evaluate the program. Since content analysis is anovel approach for evaluating inquiry-based learning and chat logs, the authors view this paperas a way to frame the use of content analysis in understanding inquiry-based learning programs.As discussed in the Conclusions/Future Directions section, the authors plan to use what islearned in this analysis

Conference Session

Engineering in the Middle Grades

Collection

2010 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Jade Mitchell-Blackwood, Drexel University; Manuel Figueroa, Drexel University; Chatchai Kokar, Drexel University; Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University; Eli Fromm, Drexel University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

fabricating surface enhanced Raman scattering substrates. Starting August 2010, Chatchai will be attending St. George's University School of Medicine where he plans to earn his M.D.Adam Fontecchio, Drexel University Dr. Adam Fontecchio is an Associate Professor and Assistant Department Head in the Drexel University Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, and an Associate Dean of the College of Engineering, Co-Director of the A. J. Drexel Nanotechnology Institute, an affiliated member of the Materials Engineering Department, a member of the Center for Educational Research, and his research focuses on the area of nanophotonics. He is the recipient of a NASA New Investigator Award, the Drexel Graduate

Conference Session

Enhancing K-12 Mathematics Education with Engineering

Collection

2007 Annual Conference & Exposition

Authors

Laura Bottomley, North Carolina State University; Elizabeth Parry, North Carolina State University; Karen Hollebrands, North Carolina State University

Tagged Divisions

K-12 & Pre-College Engineering

Page 12.374.5were much more comfortable after basic skills became rote to them. In today’s elementaryclassroom, “spiraling” curricula such as Math Trailblazers (in use in our county) cover the basicskills, but, if a child misses a part of the “spiral,” they could find themselves at a disadvantagewhen applying the concept later.This need to reinforce basic skills, combined with the parents’ expressed concerns about theirability to help their children, resulted in our plan to develop and implement both an elementaryand a middle school family math event. The elementary version was first implemented inOctober 2005 at a local rural elementary school which is not a part of the RAMP-UP project.The event, coordinated by the project director and a